论我国财政支出需求对于税收收入“超常”增长的影响——基于我国1994-2010年统计数据的实证分析

本文基于代表我国财政支出需求的财政预算支出和税收收入的相关数据（1994--2010），运用最小二乘估计对我国财政预算支出、GDP和商品零售价格指数与我国税收收入增长的相关性进行实证分析。在实证分析基础上分析我国财政预算支出增长对于税收收入增长的影响，进而提出应对税收收入“超常”增长的相关政策性意见和建议。

城市财政健康评价——以浙江省为例

全球金融危机后许多城市政府出现财政困境,城市财政健康引起社会和学界的广泛关注。本研究从财力均衡的视角探讨城市财政健康,以浙江省为例,通过"收入-支出差额"法测度市、县政府的财政健康程度及其影响因素,并进一步分析转移支付在平衡地区间财力差异方面所起的作用。研究结果显示,浙江省市、县政府间存在显著的财政差异,这一差异既与辖区内税收资源禀赋有关,又与提供公共服务的成本有关。浙江省现行转移支付制度较大程度上平衡了市、县间的财力差异。未来我国专项转移支付制度改革可考虑两种路径:一是将部分专项转移支付转化为一般性转移支付;二是明确调整不同层级政府间财力和支出责任关系,将专项转移支付转化为其他财政支出,降低转移支付的比重。

Transfer payments from the central government to the local governments and the local governments' efforts on taxation: taking China as an example

The influence of the transfer payments from the central government to the local governments on the local governments＇ efforts on taxation must be taken into consideration by every country for the design of the transfer payments. Based on the theoretical analysis on the influence of the transfer payments from the central government to the local governments＇ on the local governments＇ payments＇, this paper indicates that the local governments＇ efforts on taxation depends on the demand elasticity of the district for public goods, It increases with the increase of the elasticity. Judge the degree of the local govet：nment＇s efforts on taxation by measure 2. After an empirical analysis on the transJer payments from the central government to the local governments＇from 2000 to 2004, this paper gets the con- clusion that the local governments＇ effbrts on taxation ctbates with the increase of supporting payments or with the increase of the ratio of transfer payments to local wiliing public paymentS. Under speCific Circumstances, the higher the ratio of transfer payments to the local fiscal expenditure is. the smaller the local governments＇ efforts＇ on taxation is＂ under the central payments, whereas＇ the higher the local income is, the higher the efforts is under the central pav- ments. Based on this＇, this paper gives the meaning of its eOrresponding pofiCieS. ＂

减税与财政收入结构--基于非税收入变动趋势的考察

近年来,中国税收政策经历了由"结构性减税"向"实质性减税"的转变。本文基于2011-2018年省级面板数据,采用PVAR模型考察了减税对财政收入结构的影响。研究结果表明,税收收入对非税收入具有显著负向影响;在财政支出需求刚性增长的压力下,非税收入因具有更为显著的"自由裁量"特性及其在征管和监督方面所受的约束性有限而成为公共部门的重要筹资渠道。非税收入规模扩张使通过减税政策降低的税收负担通过非税收入重新施加在居民与企业身上,不仅削弱了减税政策的实施效果,也影响了社会成员对政府行为方式的认知。协调税收与非税收入的关系以维持财政收入结构的合理性是落实减税政策过程中需要考虑的问题。