阳明心学立志工夫论的五个向度

阳明心学立志工夫论主要有辨志、端志、笃志、责志、熟志五个向度:辨志是人生志向之辨明,端志是人生志向之开端与端正,笃志是人生志向之真切笃实的不间断实行,责志是人生志向出现懈怠不坚定时责备于初心回复到笃志的状态,熟志是人生志向坚定之后立志学做圣人工夫的最终成熟与圆满。这五个向度的立志工夫前后相连、互相贯通,共同构成了一个自洽圆融的立志工夫论系统,使得阳明学者坚信学做圣人的人生志向可以通过立志工夫的自由抉择、自由伸展得以实现。就此而言,阳明心学无疑具有以立志成圣为人生终极目的的“唯意志论”倾向。

理学视野中天下责任的道德实践

天下责任的道德实践在宋明理学中有丰富的论述,主要指向"主体如何承担起对天下的责任"的道德实践,回答了三个问题:第一,主体承担天下责任的先天条件;第二,主体如何将天下责任这一责任全体诉诸自身、即责任的内在化;第三,主体在生活世界中通过怎样的现实渠道来达成责任的内在化。关于上述问题,理学家给出的是责志-责己-责善的道德实践的次第。理学责任内在化的道德实践的方法昭示了面向生活世界的现实关系的实践,这使得实践朝向每一个个体敞开,从而使天下责任的实现具备了现实性。

王栋学习思想简析

王栋在继承泰州学派学习传统的基础上，结合社会现实和自己的实践，提出了自身颇具特色的学习主张。他论述了志与学的关系，主张学不离志、责志勤学。同时，他启发了王艮的乐学思想，从学不离乐与乐以忘忧的角度阐述了君子之乐及坚持而乐的学习观点。此外，王栋在阐发王艮率性而学、简易而学等观点的同时，还提出了学不疏略与沉潜思致的学习要求。王栋这些思想，可以说是对王艮学习思想的进一步阐发和补充，使泰州学派的学习思想更趋完善。

冬小麦缺钼反应的基因型筛选

选择 34个冬小麦品种 ,研究它们对缺钼反应的差异。在同一严重缺钼酸性黄棕壤上 ,比较苗期地上部干物重 ,初筛及复筛中籽粒产量及钼效率系数 ,最后筛选出钼高效品种 970 0 3和钼低效品种 970 14。缺钼条件下 ,高效品种 970 0 3能获得与施钼处理相当的产量 ,而低效品种只能获得施钼处理产量的一半。初步研究表明970 0 3钼效率高的可能机理是缺钼逆境下钼的吸收能力和韧皮部的钼运输能力较强。

Determinism, Free Will, and Moral Responsibility

Human beings live amidst several bonds. These bonds often place both internal and external limitations that apparently create the view that a human being has no free will but is determined. This paper explores the controversial issue whether a human being possesses free will to make free choices or is determined. It is the stance of this study that if one does not have free will then one cannot be morally responsible for one＇s actions and consequently praise and blame would then have no value. The paper, therefore, is of the view that notwithstanding the many bonds within which they live, humans, with their special dignity, have free will that operate within the respective constraints set by the bonds of human life. Furthermore, since morality involves good and bad, the paper asserts that for an act to be designated as morally good or bad, it implies that the agent was free to perform the said act or do otherwise to merit praise or blame respectively. Thus, for human freedom to be significant, it must be responsible.