To compare the treatment effects and the costs of coagulation/Fenton process and Fenton/coagulation process in leachate treatment,fresh and old leachates were respestively treated with these two techniques.The experim...To compare the treatment effects and the costs of coagulation/Fenton process and Fenton/coagulation process in leachate treatment,fresh and old leachates were respestively treated with these two techniques.The experimental results indicate that the highest chemical oxygen demand(COD)removal rate of Fenton reaction on leachate can be acquired under the conditions of pH=3.5,nH2O2/nFe2+=6,mH2O2/mCOD=3,and reaction time=4 h.Polyaluminium chloride(PAC)coagulation has the highest COD removal rate on leachate under the condition of mPAC/mCOD=0.6.Under the optimum reaction conditions,coagulation/Fenton and Fenton/coagulation processes were respestively adopted to treat raw leachate.The data also show that COD removal rate of coagulation/Fenton process on fresh and old leachates are 90.56% and 86.52% respectively and that of Fenton/coagulation process 89.99% and 85.99%,so there is no obvious difference.But the cost of coagulation/Fenton process for leachate treatment is RMB 62.6,lower than that of Fenton/coagulation process.Therefore,coagulation/Fenton process is more optimized than Fenton/coagulation process for leachate treatment.展开更多
From recent observational data two significant directions have been made in the field of theoretical cosmology recently. First, we are now able to make use of present observations, such as the Planck and BICEP2 data, ...From recent observational data two significant directions have been made in the field of theoretical cosmology recently. First, we are now able to make use of present observations, such as the Planck and BICEP2 data, to examine theoretical predictions from the standard inflationary ACDM which were made decades of years ago. Second, we can search for new cosmological signatures as a way to explore physics beyond the standard cosmic paradigm. In particular, a subset of early universe models admit a nonsingular bouncing solution that attempts to address the issue of the big bang singularity. These models have achieved a series of considerable developments in recent years, in particular in their perturbative frameworks, which made brand-new predictions of cosmological signatures that could be visible in current and forthcoming observations. Herein we present two representative paradigms of early universe physics. The first is the reputed new matter （or matter-ekpyrotic） bounce scenario in which the universe starts with a matter-dominated contraction phase and transitions into an ekpyrotic phase. In the setting of this paradigm, we have proposed some possible mechanisms of generating a red tilt for primordial curvature perturbations and confront the general predictions with recent cosmological observations. The second is the matter-bounce inflation scenario which can be viewed as an extension of inflationary cosmology with a matter contraction before inflation. We present a class of possible model constructions and review the implications on the current CMB experiments. Lastly a review of significant achievements of these paradigms beyond the inflationary ACDM model is made, which is expected to shed new light on the future direction of observational cosmology.展开更多
We use the excited coherent states built over the initial non-de Sitter modes,to study the modification of spectra of primordial scalar fluctuation.Non-de Sitter modes are actually the asymptotic solution of the infla...We use the excited coherent states built over the initial non-de Sitter modes,to study the modification of spectra of primordial scalar fluctuation.Non-de Sitter modes are actually the asymptotic solution of the inflaton field equation[J.High Energy Phys.09（2014） 020].We build excited coherent states over the non-de Sitter modes and despite the Jack of interactions in the Lagrangian,we find a non-zero one-point function.It is shown that the primordial non-Gaussianity resulting from excited-de Sitter modes depend both of time and background space-time.It is very tiny of order（≤10^-24）,at the Planck initial fixed time that confirmed by resent observations for single field inflation but it grows in the present epoch.Moreover,our results at the leading order are similar to what obtained with general initial states and in the dS limit leads to standard results[J.Cosmol.Astropart.Phys.1202（2012） 005].We will show that the non-dS modes and its resulting spectrum are more usable for far past time limit.展开更多
基金National Key Project of Water Pollution Control and Treatment Technology,China(No.2008ZX0720700902)
文摘To compare the treatment effects and the costs of coagulation/Fenton process and Fenton/coagulation process in leachate treatment,fresh and old leachates were respestively treated with these two techniques.The experimental results indicate that the highest chemical oxygen demand(COD)removal rate of Fenton reaction on leachate can be acquired under the conditions of pH=3.5,nH2O2/nFe2+=6,mH2O2/mCOD=3,and reaction time=4 h.Polyaluminium chloride(PAC)coagulation has the highest COD removal rate on leachate under the condition of mPAC/mCOD=0.6.Under the optimum reaction conditions,coagulation/Fenton and Fenton/coagulation processes were respestively adopted to treat raw leachate.The data also show that COD removal rate of coagulation/Fenton process on fresh and old leachates are 90.56% and 86.52% respectively and that of Fenton/coagulation process 89.99% and 85.99%,so there is no obvious difference.But the cost of coagulation/Fenton process for leachate treatment is RMB 62.6,lower than that of Fenton/coagulation process.Therefore,coagulation/Fenton process is more optimized than Fenton/coagulation process for leachate treatment.
基金supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) and the Department of Physics at McGill
文摘From recent observational data two significant directions have been made in the field of theoretical cosmology recently. First, we are now able to make use of present observations, such as the Planck and BICEP2 data, to examine theoretical predictions from the standard inflationary ACDM which were made decades of years ago. Second, we can search for new cosmological signatures as a way to explore physics beyond the standard cosmic paradigm. In particular, a subset of early universe models admit a nonsingular bouncing solution that attempts to address the issue of the big bang singularity. These models have achieved a series of considerable developments in recent years, in particular in their perturbative frameworks, which made brand-new predictions of cosmological signatures that could be visible in current and forthcoming observations. Herein we present two representative paradigms of early universe physics. The first is the reputed new matter （or matter-ekpyrotic） bounce scenario in which the universe starts with a matter-dominated contraction phase and transitions into an ekpyrotic phase. In the setting of this paradigm, we have proposed some possible mechanisms of generating a red tilt for primordial curvature perturbations and confront the general predictions with recent cosmological observations. The second is the matter-bounce inflation scenario which can be viewed as an extension of inflationary cosmology with a matter contraction before inflation. We present a class of possible model constructions and review the implications on the current CMB experiments. Lastly a review of significant achievements of these paradigms beyond the inflationary ACDM model is made, which is expected to shed new light on the future direction of observational cosmology.
基金supported by the Islamic Azad University,Ayatollah Amoli Branch, Amol,Mazandaran,Iran
文摘We use the excited coherent states built over the initial non-de Sitter modes,to study the modification of spectra of primordial scalar fluctuation.Non-de Sitter modes are actually the asymptotic solution of the inflaton field equation[J.High Energy Phys.09（2014） 020].We build excited coherent states over the non-de Sitter modes and despite the Jack of interactions in the Lagrangian,we find a non-zero one-point function.It is shown that the primordial non-Gaussianity resulting from excited-de Sitter modes depend both of time and background space-time.It is very tiny of order（≤10^-24）,at the Planck initial fixed time that confirmed by resent observations for single field inflation but it grows in the present epoch.Moreover,our results at the leading order are similar to what obtained with general initial states and in the dS limit leads to standard results[J.Cosmol.Astropart.Phys.1202（2012） 005].We will show that the non-dS modes and its resulting spectrum are more usable for far past time limit.
