模块化多电平换流器(modular multilevel converter,MMC)子模块电容均压问题,是MMC型高压直流输电系统稳定运行的关键。当桥臂子模块数过多时,采用传统的排序均压算法将使电容电压排序运算量过大,这对控制器的硬件设计带来巨大挑战。针...模块化多电平换流器(modular multilevel converter,MMC)子模块电容均压问题,是MMC型高压直流输电系统稳定运行的关键。当桥臂子模块数过多时,采用传统的排序均压算法将使电容电压排序运算量过大,这对控制器的硬件设计带来巨大挑战。针对传统均压算法的问题,提出了一种改进的电容电压平衡方法,通过对子模块分组,减少了电容电压排序运算量,同时采用一种组间电压平衡算法,解决了各组间电压不平衡问题。在此基础上,类比整数质因子分解思想进一步优化,得到电容电压平衡分组排序的最优化方法。在实时数字仿真器RT-Lab中搭建了模块化多电平换流器直流输电系统(modular multilevel converter high voltage direct current,MMC-HVDC)模型进行仿真验证,仿真结果表明,改进方法及最优化方法能在维持子模块电容电压平衡的同时,大大提高仿真计算速度,从而验证了所提出方法的有效性和可行性。展开更多
子模块电容电压均衡控制策略是保证模块化多电平换流器(modular multilevel converter,MMC)正常运行的重要环节。对于每相桥臂含有大规模数量子模块的模块化多电平换流器高压直流输电(modular multilevel converter based high voltage ...子模块电容电压均衡控制策略是保证模块化多电平换流器(modular multilevel converter,MMC)正常运行的重要环节。对于每相桥臂含有大规模数量子模块的模块化多电平换流器高压直流输电(modular multilevel converter based high voltage direct current,MMC-HVDC)系统,减小排序复杂度对MMC-HVDC工程控制器设计难度以及硬件需求的降低具有重要意义。该文基于质因子分解法提出一种优化的混合排序法,通过引入希尔排序算法大幅度降低排序次数,从而降低仿真时间,降低了对系统硬件的要求。推导适用于MMC-HVDC系统的希尔排序步长的时间复杂度,给出基于混合排序法的排序次数计算公式,分析分组层数对系统降低频率的影响,得到分组层数与混合排序法优化效率成反比例关系的结论。最后在PSCAD/EMTDC中搭建两端401电平MMC-HVDC模型进行仿真,仿真结果验证了混合排序法及分组层数对优化效率影响的分析的有效性与正确性。展开更多
Based on the Danckwerts surface renewal model, a simple explicit expression of the enhancement factor in ozone absorption with a first order ozone self-decomposition and parallel second order ozonation reactions has b...Based on the Danckwerts surface renewal model, a simple explicit expression of the enhancement factor in ozone absorption with a first order ozone self-decomposition and parallel second order ozonation reactions has been derived. The results are compared with our previous work based on the film theory. The 2,4-dichlorophenol destruction rate by ozonation is predicted using the enhancement factor model in this paper.展开更多
Two factorization approaches have been proposed for single transverse spin asymmetries. One is the cofiinear factorization, the other is the transverse-momentum-dependent factorization. They have been previously deriv...Two factorization approaches have been proposed for single transverse spin asymmetries. One is the cofiinear factorization, the other is the transverse-momentum-dependent factorization. They have been previously derived in a formal way by using diagram expansion at hadron level. If the two factorizations hold or can be proven, they should also hold when we replace hadrons with patton states. We examine these two factorizations at patton level with massless partons. It is nontrivial to generate these asymmetries at parton level with massless patrons because the asymmetries require helicity-flip and nonzero absorptive parts in scattering amplitudes. By constructing suitable patton states with massless partons we derive the two factorizations for the asymmetry in Drell-Yan processes. It is found from our results that the collinear factorization derived at parton level is not the same as that derived at hadron level. Our results with massless partons confirm those derived with single massive parton state in our previous works.展开更多
文摘模块化多电平换流器(modular multilevel converter,MMC)子模块电容均压问题,是MMC型高压直流输电系统稳定运行的关键。当桥臂子模块数过多时,采用传统的排序均压算法将使电容电压排序运算量过大,这对控制器的硬件设计带来巨大挑战。针对传统均压算法的问题,提出了一种改进的电容电压平衡方法,通过对子模块分组,减少了电容电压排序运算量,同时采用一种组间电压平衡算法,解决了各组间电压不平衡问题。在此基础上,类比整数质因子分解思想进一步优化,得到电容电压平衡分组排序的最优化方法。在实时数字仿真器RT-Lab中搭建了模块化多电平换流器直流输电系统(modular multilevel converter high voltage direct current,MMC-HVDC)模型进行仿真验证,仿真结果表明,改进方法及最优化方法能在维持子模块电容电压平衡的同时,大大提高仿真计算速度,从而验证了所提出方法的有效性和可行性。
文摘子模块电容电压均衡控制策略是保证模块化多电平换流器(modular multilevel converter,MMC)正常运行的重要环节。对于每相桥臂含有大规模数量子模块的模块化多电平换流器高压直流输电(modular multilevel converter based high voltage direct current,MMC-HVDC)系统,减小排序复杂度对MMC-HVDC工程控制器设计难度以及硬件需求的降低具有重要意义。该文基于质因子分解法提出一种优化的混合排序法,通过引入希尔排序算法大幅度降低排序次数,从而降低仿真时间,降低了对系统硬件的要求。推导适用于MMC-HVDC系统的希尔排序步长的时间复杂度,给出基于混合排序法的排序次数计算公式,分析分组层数对系统降低频率的影响,得到分组层数与混合排序法优化效率成反比例关系的结论。最后在PSCAD/EMTDC中搭建两端401电平MMC-HVDC模型进行仿真,仿真结果验证了混合排序法及分组层数对优化效率影响的分析的有效性与正确性。
基金Supported by the China Scholarship Council and Guangdong Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.950215).
文摘Based on the Danckwerts surface renewal model, a simple explicit expression of the enhancement factor in ozone absorption with a first order ozone self-decomposition and parallel second order ozonation reactions has been derived. The results are compared with our previous work based on the film theory. The 2,4-dichlorophenol destruction rate by ozonation is predicted using the enhancement factor model in this paper.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos. 10721063, 10575126, and 10975169
文摘Two factorization approaches have been proposed for single transverse spin asymmetries. One is the cofiinear factorization, the other is the transverse-momentum-dependent factorization. They have been previously derived in a formal way by using diagram expansion at hadron level. If the two factorizations hold or can be proven, they should also hold when we replace hadrons with patton states. We examine these two factorizations at patton level with massless partons. It is nontrivial to generate these asymmetries at parton level with massless patrons because the asymmetries require helicity-flip and nonzero absorptive parts in scattering amplitudes. By constructing suitable patton states with massless partons we derive the two factorizations for the asymmetry in Drell-Yan processes. It is found from our results that the collinear factorization derived at parton level is not the same as that derived at hadron level. Our results with massless partons confirm those derived with single massive parton state in our previous works.
