论信息生产力的质态变化、特征与价值

生产力是推动人类文明不断向前发展的决定力量和动力源泉。在当今世界竞争格局中,国力的较量根本上取决于谁能更早进入信息生产力的更高阶段。中国在以“互联网+”为主导的信息生产力发展阶段,已成功把握机遇,实现了世界性的赶超。人类已经开始进入一个由人工智能驱动的智能化时代,以“人工智能+”为主导的信息生产力将是生产力发展的重要里程碑。

The Content Variations of Main Nutrients in Storage Root Expanding Stages of Sweet Potato and Their Mutual Relationships

[Objective] The content variations of the main nutrients in storage root during expanding stages and their mutual relationships in orange-fleshed sweet pota-to （Ipomoea Batatas（L.） Lam） were studied in this paper. [Method] The dynamics of main nutritional ingredients in orange-fleshed sweet potato-variety at 40, 70, 100 and 125 days after transplanting were investigated, and these traits included the 6- carotene content, Fe content, Zn content, starch content, protein content, glucose content, fructose content, and sucrose content. The relationships among these nutri- ents were analyzed during whole developing stage. [Result] B-carotene content in the whole growth period showed straightly increasing firstly, and then decreasing trend, which was unimodal fluctuation curve. The variation tendency of protein con- tent was gently decreasing firstly and then ascending. The dynamics of starch con- tent was similar to l^carotene content, while the fluctuation was stable. The chang- ing curve of carbohydrate was opposite to starch, showing decreasing firstly and then ascending. Fe content was decreasing all the whole developing stage, falling fast and then slowing down. Moreover, Zn content was plummeting. The sucrose content in fresh storage root had significantly negative correlation with β-carotene content, and had positive correlation with fructose content. Starch content had significantly negative correlation with fructose content, and had positive correlation with Zn content. [Conclusion] These research conclusions could guide the variety to har- vest at suitable time, so as to achieve the aim of micronutrition improvement.

Si phase morphology and mechanical properties of ZL107 Al alloy improved by La modification and heat treatment

The phase morphology evolution during the solid solution treatment and then artificial aging of the La-modified ZL107 Al alloy was studied. The results show that when the solid solution was held at 560 ℃ for 6 h, only partial Si phase dissolved into the matrix; however, the precipitation also occurred during the artificial aging process. The precipitation process in Al-Si alloys with or without La-modification was compared. After modification and heat treatment, the mechanical properties of the alloy were greatly enhanced, due to the modification and uniform distribution of Si phase.

Design and Research on Artificial Rumen Continuous Culture System

[Objective] The paper was to study the dynamic changes of forage nutrient substance fermentation in rumen, and a set of continuous culture system of artificial rumen was designed. [Method] With in vivo as control, the simulating rumen fer- mentation effect in vitro culture system was evaluated. [Result] The simulation rumen fermentation test needed adaptive phase of 2-3 d, and the fermentation state was relatively stable within 3-9 d, with good effects. The test showed certain regularity variation with index value of rumen in vivo. [Conclusion] The continuous culture sys- tem of artificial rumen could be used as the ideal model to study the rumen fermen- tation in vivo.

Variation Dynamics of Total Nitrogen and Nicotine of Burley Tobacco at Various Growing Stages under Different Nitrogen Nutrition Levels

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the variation dynamics of total nitrogen and nicotine of burtey tobacco at various growing stages under different ni- trogen nutrition levels to provide reference for optimizing fertilization technologies for burley tobacco. [Method] Fresh burley tobacco leaves were collected at various growing stages and dried to measure the content of total nitrogen, protein and nico- tine by using INTEGRAL automated chemical analyzer and analyze the correlation with nitrogen application level. [Result] Regardless of the nitrogen application level, the content of total nitrogen and protein showed a downward trend since root ex- tending stage and reached the minimum at mature stage; the content of nicotine showed an upward trend since early vigorous growing stage and increased to the maximum at mature stage; the content of total nitrogen, protein and nicotine all in- creased after air curing; the content of total nitrogen, protein and nicotine showed positive correlation with nitrogen application level, while total nitrogen/nicotine was negatively correlated. The results indicate that nitrogen level is closely related to the total nitrogen and nicotine of burley tobacco at growing period and post-air curing, rational application of nitrogen is an important measure to regulate the content of total nitrogen and nicotine of tobacco. [Conclusion] This study provides scientific ba- sis for rational fertilization of burley tobacco.

Altered profiles of nuclear matrix proteins during the differentiation of human gastric mucous adenocarcinoma MGc80-3 cells

AIM： To find and identify specific nuclear matrix proteins associated with proliferation and differentiation of carcinoma cells, which will be potential markers for cancer diagnosis and targets in cancer therapy. METHODS： Nuclear matrix proteins were selectively extracted from MGcS0-3 cells treated with or without hexamethylamine bisacetamide （HMBA）, and subjected to 2-D gel electrophoresis. The resulted protein patterns were analyzed by Melanie software. Spots of nuclear matrix proteins differentially expressed were excised and subjected to in situ digestion with trypsin. Peptide masses were obtained by matrix-assisted laser-desorption/ ionization time of flight mass spectrometry （MALDI-TOFMS） analysis and submitted for database searching using Mascot tool. RESULTS： The MGc80-3 cells were induced into differentiation by HMBA. There were 22 protein spots which changed remarkably in the nuclear matrix, from differentiation of MGcS0-3 cells compared to control. Eleven of which were identified. Seven proteinsactin, prohibitin, porin 31HL, heterogeneous nuclear dbonucleoprotein A2/B1, vimentin, ATP synthase, and heat shock protein 60 were downregulated, whereas three proteins - heat shock protein gp96, heat shock protein 90-beta, and valosin-containing protein were upregulated, and the oxygen-regulated protein was only found in the differentiated MGc80-3 cells. CONCLUSION： The induced differentiation of carcinoma cells is accompanied by the changes of nuclear matrix proteins. Further characterization of those proteins will show the mechanism of cellular proliferation and differentiation, as well as cancer differentiation.

Hamatophyton from the Late Devonian of Anhui Province,South China and Evolution of Sphenophyllales

Well-preserved specimens of Hamatophyton verticillatum collected from the Upper Devonian （Famennian） Wutong Formation of Chaohu district, Anhui Province, South China, display more complete fertile axes in three orders and multiple divisions. Comparisons indicate that Hamatophyton possibly does not have palmate planate sterile leaves but hook-like linear ones with rare divisions. We propose seven definitive characters of Sphenophyllales： （1） completely whorled lateral organs; （2） sterile leaves; （3） strobili; （4） ＂sporangiophores＂ or stalks with reflexed tips bearing sporangia; （5） three- or four-ribbed primary xylem; （6） exarch maturation of primary xylem; and （7） secondary xylem. The Sphenophyllales probably originated from the Iridopteridales based on similarities in whorled lateral organs, ribbed primary xylem and peripheral protoxylem strands. In transition from Iridopteridales to Sphenophyllales, morphological changes involve partially whorled to completely whorled lateral organs, sterile ultimate appendages to leaves, and fertile ultimate appendages to ＂sporangiophores＂/stalks with bracts; anatomical modifications include configuration and maturation of primary xylem, and presence of secondary xylem.

Dynamic change of protein polypeptide of Ginkgo biloba seed during germination

The dynamic changes of protein polypeptide in endosperms of Gingkgo biloba seeds during seed germination were studied by SDS-PAGE and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis （2-DE）. The results showed that 80 kinds of protein spots in endosperms of Gingkgo biloba were clear observed in the 2-DE spectrum. Protein molecular weights were in the range of 26-52kD, and their isoelectric points were in the range of 5.8-7.8. In the course of seed germination, 13 kinds of proteins were degraded, and 13 kinds of proteins were synthesized; 7 kinds of proteins with different molecular weights and isoelectric points of 35kD/pIr.8, 31kD/pIr.8, 29kD/pIr.8, 33kD/pI6.6, 33kD/pI 6.4, 34kD/pI7.7 and 31kD/pI7.7 were identified primarily as vegetative storage proteins （VSPs）.

Theoretical analysis of influencing factors on resistance in the process of gas migration in coal seams

Inspired by previous resistance models for porous media, a resistance expression of gas migration within coal seams based on the ideal matchstick geometry, combined with the Darcy equation and the modified Poiseuille equation is proposed. The resistance to gas migration is generally dynamic because of the variations in adsorption swelling and matrix shrinkage. Due to the limitations of experimental conditions,only a theoretical expression of resistance to gas migration in coal is deduced, and the impacts of tortuosity, effective stress and pore pressure on the resistance are then considered. To validate the proposed expression, previous data from other researchers are adopted for the history matching exercise, and the agreement between the two is good.

Zooplankton community structure in relation to environmental factors and ecological assessment of water quality in the Harbin Section of the Songhua River

To study the relationship between zooplankton community structure and environmental factors and water quality in the Harbin Section of the Songhua River,investigations were carried out in June,August,and October 2011.Canonical correspondence analysis(CCA) and saprobic indices were used to process and analyze the data.Seasonal variability was identified as a significant source of variation,which explains the fluctuation in zooplankton density.In autumn,the dry season,water residence time increased and zooplankton biomass and abundance accumulated in the slow flowing waters.Zooplankton abundance increased when food conditions improved.Therefore,the total zooplankton abundance in autumn is much higher than that in spring and summer.According to the saprobic indices,all the sample sites had mesosaprobic water and water quality was worse in autumn.CCA revealed that temperature accounted for most of the spatial variation in the zooplankton community.Moreover,pH,dissolved oxygen saturation,and turbidity were important factors affecting zooplankton community distribution.

Spin—Polarized States of Nuclear Matter

The equations of state of spin-polarized nuclear matter and pure neutron matter are studied in the framework of the Brueckner–Hartree–Fock theory including a three-body force. The energy per nucleon EA(δ) calculated in the full range of spin polarization for symmetric nuclear matter and pure neutron matter fulfills a parabolic law. In both the cases the spin-symmetry energy is calculated as a function of the baryonic density along with the related quantities such as the magnetic susceptibility and the Landau parameter G0. The main effect of the three-body force is to strongly reduce the degenerate Fermi gas magnetic susceptibility even more than the value with only two-body force. The equation of state is monotonically increasing with the density for all spin-aligned configurations studied here so that no any signature is found for a spontaneous transition to a ferromagnetic state.

Numerical Analysis of Adaptation-to-capacity Length for Fluvial Sediment Transport

Over the last several decades,various sediment transport capacity formulations have been used by geomorphologists and engineers to calculate fluvial morphological changes.However,it remains poorly understood if the adaptation to capacity could be fulfilled instantly in response to differing inflow discharges and sediment supplies,and thus if the calculation of morphological changes in rivers based on the assumed capacity status is fully justified.Here we present a numerical investigation on this issue.The distance required for sediment transport to adapt to capacity(i.e.,adaptation-to-capacity length) of both bed load and suspended sediment transport is computationally studied using a coupled shallow water hydrodynamic model,in line with varied inlet sediment concentrations.It is found that the adaptation-to-capacity length generally decreases as the Rouse number increases,irrespective of whether the inlet sediment concentration increases or reduces.For cases with vanishing inlet sediment concentration a unified relationship is found between the adaptation-to-capacity length and the Rouse number.Quantitatively,the adaptation-to-capacity length of bed load sediment is limited to tens of times of the flow depth,whilst that of suspended sediment increases substantially with decreasing Rouse number and can be up to hundreds of times of the flow depth.The present finding concurs that bed load sediment transport can adapt to capacity much more rapidly than suspended sediment transport,and it facilitates a quantitative criterion on which the applicability of bed load or suspended sediment transport capacity for natural rivers can be readily assessed.

Research on Dynamic Parameters of Soil Sites in the Dalian Area

In this paper, dynamic soil parameters derived from Dalian area seismic risk assessment reports are collected. In this study, the measurement data is divided into 7 types, i.e. silty clay, muddy silty clay, clay, medium sand, rock fragments, backfill soil and fully-weathered slate. Statistics of the dynamic parameters of these soils are carried out to obtain the mean values of dynamic shear modulus ratio and damping ratio. Typical drill holes are selected to establish dynamic soil models to investigate the seismic response for various cases. The dynamic parameters of the models are taken from the statistical values of this study, the standard values of code 94 (i.e. the dynamic soil parameters for Dalian seismic microzonation), and the recommended values by Yuan Xiaoming et al. (2000) respectively. The calculated results of peak ground acceleration are compared with the response spectral characteristics. The results show that the statistical values are approximate to the values recommended by Yuan Xiaoming, et al. (2000), but different greatly with the standard values in code 94.

Relationship between epithelial to mesenchymaltransition and chemoresistance of lung cancer

Objective： The aim of this study was to explore the correlation between epithelial to mesenchymal transition （EMT） and chemoresistance of non-small-cell lung cancer （NSCLC）. Methods： In vitro, the drug resistance index of cisplatin resistant lung adenocarcinoma cell line （A549/DDP） was detected by CCK-8 assay; the morphological change between A549/ DDP cells and lung adenocarcinoma cells （A549） was observed by phase contrast microscope; expression of EMT markers （including E-cadherin and vimentin） and resistance protein, excision repair cross-complementing 1 （ERCC1） was detected by immunocytochemistry. The expression of E-cadherin, vimentin and ERCC1 was investigated by immunohistochemistry in 120 cases of NSCLC, half of that were treated with pre-operative neoadjuvant chemotherapy （neoadjuvant chemotherapy group）, and the other underwent surgery alone （simple surgery group）. Results： There was a significant difference between the ICso （half maximal inhibitory concentration） of A549/DDP cells （5.20） and A549 cells （1.88） （P 〈 0.05）, and the drug resistance index of A549/DDP cells was 2.77. Compared with A549 cells, A549/DDP cells increased expression of ERCC1 （P 〈 0.05）. Moreover, A549/DDP cells showed morphological and phenotypic changes consistent with EMT： with spindle-shaped morphology, and decreased expression of E-cadherin and increased expression of vimentin. Immunohistochemistry showed significant positive correlation between the expression of ERCCI and vimentin （r = 0.496, 0.332, P 〈 0.05）, and significant negative correlation between the ERCCI and E-cadherin （r = -0.403, -0.295, P 〈 0.05） in neoadjuvant chemotherapy group and simple surgery group. In addition, compared with simple surgery group, the expression of ERCC1 （P = 0.003） and vimentin （P = 0.004） was significantly increased, and the expression of E-cadherin was decreased in neoadjuvant chemotherapy group （P = 0.032）. Cenclusion： A549/DDP cells acquired cisplatin-resistance and occurred EMT simultaneously; the phenomenon of chemoresistance and EMT was caused more easily in neoadjuvant chemotherapy group. As such, we further confirmed the close correlation between chemoresistance and EMT of NSCLC, and provided theoretical basis for the targeting therapy with EMT regulatory factor for chemoresistant NSCLC patients.

Variation in soil properties in a transformed ecosystem in Southwestern Nigeria

Variation in soil properties as a result of the conversion of the tropical rainforest to a monospecific plantation of teak, tectona grandis, was examined in Akure forest reserve in Southwestern Nigeria. Comparison was made in the active rooting zone of 50 cm soil depth. It was discovered that there were no significant differences in the physical properties except in the value of organic matter content at the top 10 cm layer but chemical properties such as the pH and organic carbon changed significantly at the top 10 cm layer. Differences in other chemical properties, such as the available P, exchangeable cations K, Ca and Mg, the exchangeable acidity and the cation exchange capacity were minor. This showed that no nutrient was limiting or was likely to be limiting in the soil for subsequent short rotation of plantation development.

How to Evaluate Human Capital？

A company is usually founded by individuals striving to achieve their own or broader goals. Goal achievement related to a company＇s operations is called business or the business process. Human capital （man＇s work, employees） is an important element of the business process, however its value is not disclosed on the assets side of the classical balance sheet. In order to shown assets, human capital has to be evaluated. Evaluation can be made in monetary or non-monetary terms. Non-monetary models for evaluating human capital include organisational and behavioural variables. These variables are not expressed in monetary terms, however, based on changes in their quality, one can assume the increased or decreased value of human capital within the company. The value of non-monetary models should not be underestimated, however monetary models are of greater importance. In this article, the most significant non-monetary and monetary models of human capital evaluation are discussed. Among non-monetary models the Michigan, Flamholz, and Ogan models are discussed. Among monetary models the replacement costs model, the opportunity costs model, the discounted wages and salaries model, and originally created dynamic model are discussed. A descriptive approach is used to identify the basic characteristics of existing models for evaluating human capital. According to these findings a different approach is taken in developing an original model. Dynamic model can efficiently overcome most of the practical problems and can be used as an appropriate estimator of human capital value expressed in monetary terms. The research limitations are that the dynamic model has not been sufficiently verified in practice. The model could prove to be directly applicable in those enterprises that would like to define the value of their human capital.

Dynamics of CO_2 Emission and Biochemical Properties of a Sandy Calcareous Soil Amended with Conocarpus Waste and Biochar

Biochar is a carbon-rich product obtained by biomass pyrolysis and considered a mean of carbon sequestration. In this research, a sandy calcareous soil from the Farm of the College of Food & Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia, was amended with either woody waste of Conocarpus erectus L.(CW) or the biochar(BC) produced from CW at rates of 0(control), 10, 30 and 50 g kg-1. The effects of the amendments on soil p H, dissolved organic carbon(DOC), microbial biomass carbon(MBC), CO2 emission and metabolic quotient(q CO2) of the sandy calcareous soil were studied in a 60-d incubation experiment. The results showed that the addition of CW led to a significant decrease in soil p H compared to the control and the addition of BC. The CO2-C emission rate was higher in the first few days of incubation than when the incubation time progressed. The cumulative CO2-C emission from the soil amended with CW, especially at higher rates, was higher(approximately 3- to 6-fold) than that from the control and the soil amended with BC. The BC-amended soil showed significant increases in CO2-C emission rate during the first days of incubation as compared to the non-amended soil, but the increase in cumulative CO2-C emission was not significant after 60 d of incubation. On the other hand, CW applications resulted in considerably higher cumulative CO2-C emission, MBC and DOC than the control and BC applications. With the exception of 0 day(after 1 h of incubation), both CW and BC applications led to lower values of q CO2 as compared to the control. The power function kinetic model satisfactorily described the cumulative CO2-C emission. Generally, the lowest values of CO2 emission were observed in the soil with BC, suggesting that the contribution of BC to CO2 emission was very small as compared to that of CW.

Homogenization of climate series:The basis for assessing climate changes

Long-term meteorological observation series are fundamental for reflecting climate changes.However,almost all meteorological stations inevitably undergo relocation or changes in observation instruments,rules,and methods,which can result in systematic biases in the observation series for corresponding periods.Homogenization is a technique for adjusting these biases in order to assess the true trends in the time series.In recent years,homogenization has shifted its focus from the adjustments to climate mean status to the adjustments to information about climate extremes or extreme weather.Using case analyses of ideal and actual climate series,here we demonstrate the basic idea of homogenization,introduce new understanding obtained from recent studies of homogenization of climate series in China,and raise issues for further studies in this field,especially with regards to climate extremes,uncertainty of the statistical adjustments,and biased physical relationships among different climate variables due to adjustments in single variable series.

Theoretical study on modulating group velocity of light inphotonic crystal coupled cavity optical waveguide

We present a novel mechanism,which is formed by periodically changing the radii of dielectric rods in the middle row of a photonic crystal, to control and stop light. Using the Bloch theory and coupled-mode theoryl the dispersion characteristic of such a photonic crystal coupled cavity optical waveguide is obtained. We also theoretically demonstrate that the group velocity of a light pulse in this system can be modulated by dynamically changing the refractive index or radii of the selected dielectric rods, and the light stopping can be achieved.

Fragmented condensates of singly trapped dipolar Bose gases

By employing the method of the multiconfigurational time-dependent Hartree for bosons,we investigate the ground state properties of a singly trapped dipolar gas of spinless bosons.We show that the repulsive interactions favor the formation of the fragmented ground state.In particular,we find the formation of the fragmented state is mainly due to the interaction energies associated with the one-and two-particle exchanges between orbitals.We also obtain the stability diagram of the system and find that the stability of the system is significantly enhanced by the appearance of the fragmentation.