中国金融深化的实际状况——基于政府与金融关系的考察

20年来中国金融取得了巨大的量性发展 ,但并没有取得质性的深化 ,原因在哪里 ?本文从政府与金融的关系视角展开分析 ,认为中国金融发展是从一种制度剔除状态下由中央政府推动的制度创设 ,但这种创设只是政府汲取收益的计划手段的替代和扩展 ,并不是真正意义上的“深化”。这种状况决定 ,中国金融发展是原有制度框架下的量性扩张 ,是产权形式的变化 ,但并不是产权内容的变革。这是中国金融问题的“根”。

Teraniraste对蛛网膜下腔出血后动脉痉挛治疗价值的实验研究

蛛网膜下腔出血（ＳＡＨ）后脑动脉血管发生组织学的变化包括内膜增生、弹性内板蛇行皱缩屈曲、血管腔狭窄及血管壁肥厚。目前，治疗脑动脉痉挛尚无特效药物。本研究通过动物实验观察平滑肌松驰剂Ｔｅｒａｎｉｒａｓｔｅ对蛛网膜下腔出血后引起脑动脉痉挛脑血管器质性变化...

The Content Variations of Main Nutrients in Storage Root Expanding Stages of Sweet Potato and Their Mutual Relationships

[Objective] The content variations of the main nutrients in storage root during expanding stages and their mutual relationships in orange-fleshed sweet pota-to （Ipomoea Batatas（L.） Lam） were studied in this paper. [Method] The dynamics of main nutritional ingredients in orange-fleshed sweet potato-variety at 40, 70, 100 and 125 days after transplanting were investigated, and these traits included the 6- carotene content, Fe content, Zn content, starch content, protein content, glucose content, fructose content, and sucrose content. The relationships among these nutri- ents were analyzed during whole developing stage. [Result] B-carotene content in the whole growth period showed straightly increasing firstly, and then decreasing trend, which was unimodal fluctuation curve. The variation tendency of protein con- tent was gently decreasing firstly and then ascending. The dynamics of starch con- tent was similar to l^carotene content, while the fluctuation was stable. The chang- ing curve of carbohydrate was opposite to starch, showing decreasing firstly and then ascending. Fe content was decreasing all the whole developing stage, falling fast and then slowing down. Moreover, Zn content was plummeting. The sucrose content in fresh storage root had significantly negative correlation with β-carotene content, and had positive correlation with fructose content. Starch content had significantly negative correlation with fructose content, and had positive correlation with Zn content. [Conclusion] These research conclusions could guide the variety to har- vest at suitable time, so as to achieve the aim of micronutrition improvement.

《道德经》理雅各译本的侨易细解

侨易学理论从本土思想中来,立足于历史学,在文化研究中开辟田地。文章结合了侨易学与翻译学,通过侨易学方法,从理雅各《道德经》译本的侨易过程入手,首先分析了《道德经》侨易过程中的侨易条件,包括欧洲汉学建立与发展的制约、欧洲传统哲学的制约以及英国宗教文化制约。接着考察了《道德经》的质性变化,先探讨理雅各作为翻译主体对《道德经》的阐释影响,再从《道德经》中消失的道家哲学性、显现的欧洲哲学性以及宗教色彩三个维度分析了《道德经》的变异。侨易学理论扩大了翻译学的研究视野,扩充了本土译论,对本土译学研究具有适切性。

Effects of grain refining and modification on mechanical properties and microstructures of Al-7.5Si-4Cu cast alloy

Al-7.5Si-4Cu cast alloy melt modified by Al-5Ti-B, RE and Al-10Sr master alloys were poured in the chromite sand moulds, to investigate comparatively the effects of individual or combined additions of grain refiners and modifiers on the mechanical properties, microstructures, grain refining and modification, and intermetallic compounds of the alloy. The results show that the mechanical properties and the microstructures of Al-7.5Si-4Cu cast alloys are improved immensely by combining addition of 0.8%Al-5Ti-B, 0.1%RE and 0.1%Al-10Sr grain refiners and modifiers compared with the individual addition and cast conditions. For individual addition condition, addition of 0.8%Al-5Ti-B master alloy can obtain superior tensile strength, Brinell hardness and finer equiaxedα（Al） dendrites. The alloy with 0.1%RE master alloy shows the highest improvement in ductility because the rare earth can purify the molten metal and change the shape of intermetallic compounds. While the alloy with 0.1%Al-10Sr modifier shows only good improvement in yield strength, and the improvement of other performance is unsatisfactory. The Al-10Sr modifier has a significant metamorphism for the eutectic silicon, but will make the gas content in the aluminum alloy melt increase to form serious columnar grain structures. The effects of grain refining and modification on mean area and aspect ratio have the same conclusions obtained in the mechanical properties and the microstructures analyses.

当电子政务遇上“云”

得益于云计算超强的计算能力、对全局的把控能力及其灵活部署的特点,在未来的电子政务领域,政府将能以更少的软硬件投入,更针对性的服务和更加规范统一的模式工作。

一种新的电生理诊断技术——脑电地形图

九十年代以来,脑电地形图(Brain Electric Activity Mappirlg)广泛应用于脑科学研究和临床诊断。脑电地形图以直观醒目的图象形式定位、定量地显示脑功能性和器质性变化的部位、范围和程度,从而快速给临床医生提供诊断治疗依据。加之方法简便、经济又无损伤,

Periodic Analysis on Nutrients in Chinese Residents and Their Sources

The nutritional status of Chinese residents has been greatly improved during the past 50 years.Compared with Japanese people to whom our food consumption habit is similar,the calorie nutrient intake and fat nutrient intake per capita of Chinese residents has exceeded the intake of the Japanese residents,but the protein nutrient intake is still lower.Among the composition of the calorie nutrient,the proportion of fat is higher,but the proportion of protein is lower,and both the animal protein and the vegetable fat are small.Therefore,we should guide the poor to the rational consumption such as soybean which contains quality protein but is a kind of inexpensive food.With the increase of population eating out,residents＇ nutrients awareness as well as the public service institutions knowledge of nutrition should be enhanced.

形形色色的胃肠神经官能症

神经官能症是一种大脑机能活动暂时性失调的疾病。其发生与精神因素有密切关系,病情常随情绪变化而波动。在其病理解剖上一般并无明显器质性变化,通过适当的治疗,多可使病情好转或痊愈。 神经官能症的表现形式多种多样,各人的症状各不相同,程度轻重也不一致,有些人的表现可能以某一个系统或器官为主,最常见的类型如: 癔球症:中医称为梅核气,多见于绝经期妇女,其主要表现是患者自觉咽部及其下方有堵塞感,需经常做吞咽动作。病人进食不受影响,饭、菜均可如常咽下。检查食管未发现有任何病变或异物。

Surface property variations in flotation performance of calcite particles under different grinding patterns

Based on the working principles of particle bed comminution, particles produced by high-pressure grinding rolls （HPGR） have surface properties different from particles produced by other grinding patterns, which exert great influence on mineral flotation. Flotation performances of calcite particles under different grinding patterns involving the use of HPGR, a jaw crusher, a dry ball mill, a wet ball mill, and a wet rod mill were studied using single mineral flotation tests. The surface properties of the particles under different grinding patterns were characterized to determine the flotation performance variation in terms of specific surface area, particle size distribution, AFM, XPS, and zeta potential. The results show that particles ground by HPGR exhibited improved flotation performance within the lower range of grinding fineness in both NaOL and dodecyl amine flotation systems compared to the particles prepared using other grinding patterns. Specific surface area, particle size distribution, surface roughness, Fe（III） contamination, binding energy, and zeta potential are greatly influenced by grinding patterns, which is the main cause of the flotation performance variation.

Comparative analysis of coal and coal-shale intrinsic factors affecting spontaneous combustion

Coal and coal-shales tend to undergo spontaneous combustion under favourable atmospheric conditions. Spontaneous combustion liability index and intrinsic properties of coals and coal-shales varies between （above and below） coal seams. The spontaneous combustion liability index （obtained from the Wits-Ehac Index） and intrinsic properties （obtained from proximate, ultimate, and petrographic analysis） of fourteen samples representative of in situ coal （bituminous） and fourteen coal-shales obtained in Witbank coalfield, South Africa were experimentally studied. Comparative analysis of the relationships between the spontaneous combustion liability index and intrinsic properties of coals and coalshales were established to evaluate their effects on self-heating potential. The intrinsic properties show linear relationship with spontaneous combustion liability and therefore, identifies the factors affecting spontaneous combustion of these materials. The influence of coal-shales intrinsic properties towards spontaneous combustion liability shows higher correlation coefficients than the coals. Both coals and coal-shales show inertinite maceral as major constituents than the vitrinite and liptinite macerals, hence the reactivity of inertinite macerals may show greater influence on spontaneous combustion liability. A definite positive or negative trends exists between the intrinsic properties and spontaneous combustion liability index. This research is part of a larger project which is considering the influence of intrinsic properties of coals and coal-shales on spontaneous combustion liability.

Property changes of anchor grout calcined ginger nuts admixed with fly ash and quartz sand after accelerated ageing tests

Calcined ginger nuts admixed by fly ash and quartz sand (CGN-(F+S)) has been validated to be basically compatible to earthen sites as an anchor grout. Accelerated ageing tests including water stability test, temperature and humidity cycling test, soundness test and alkali resistance test are conducted with the objective to further research the property changes of CGN-(F+S) grout. Density, surface hardness, water penetration capacity, water permeability capacity, soluble salt, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images and energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS) spectrum of these samples have been tested after accelerated ageing tests. The results show that densities of samples decrease, surface hardness, water penetration capacity and water permeability capacity of samples increase generally. Besides, soluble salt analysis, SEM and EDS results well corroborate the changes. Based on the results it can be concluded that property changes are most serious after temperature and humidity cycling test, followed by water stability, soundness and alkali resistance test in sequence. But in general, CGN-(F+S) still has good durability.

Changes in vegetation and soil properties during recovery of a subtropical forest in South China

Secondary forests account for a large amount of subtropical forest due to persistent anthropogenic disturbance in China.The interaction between vegetation and soil during recovery process is rather complex and dependent on forest conditions.Understanding how vegetation and soil properties changes and how their relationship develops in secondary forests is key to effective forest restoration and management.Here we explored the patterns of vegetation and soil properties as well as their correlations during forest recovery process in a subtropical forest in south China.Plots of three forest types,i.e.,broadleaf-conifermixedforest,broadleaved forest and old growth stand,were established to represent the recovery stages.The results showed that diversity patterns in the tree,shrub and herb layers were different:in the tree layer the species diversity peaked at the intermediate stage,while in the understory layers it decreased chronologically.Most of the soil factors showed an increasing trend,and different effects of soil factors were found for the three layers as well as for the two spatial scales.Together,our results suggested that vegetation and soil might be interdependent during the recovery course.Further studies are needed on exploring how vegetation interplays with soil at different scales and how nutrient limitations affects the vegetation development in a chronosequence.

Increased paracellular permeability of tumor-adjacent areas in 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced colon carcinogenesis in rats

Objective: The morphology and functions of the proximal and distal large intestine are not the same. The incidence of colorectal cancer in these regions is also different, as tumors more often appear in the descending colon than in the ascending colon.Inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer can increase transepithelial permeability, which is a sign of reduced intestinal barrier function. However, there is not enough evidence to establish a connection between the difference in colorectal cancer incidence in the proximal and distal colon and intestinal permeability or the effects of carcinogenesis on the barrier properties in various areas of the colon. The aim of the study was to assess the permeability of different segments of the large intestine according to a developed mapping methodology in healthy rats and rats with 1,2-dimethylhydrazine(DMH)-induced colon adenocarcinoma.Methods: The short circuit current, the transepithelial electrical resistance and the paracellular permeability to fluorescein of large intestine wall of male Wistar rats were examined in the Ussing chambers. The optical density of the solution from the serosa side to assess the concentration of the diffused fluorescein from mucosa to serosa was analyzed by spectrophotometry. The morphometric and histological studies were performed by optical microscopy.Results: Rats with DMH-induced colon adenocarcinomas showed elevated transepithelial electrical resistance in the areas of neoplasm development. In contrast, there was no change in the electrophysiological properties of tumor adjacent areas, however,the paracellular permeability of these areas to fluorescein was increased compared to the control rats and was characterized by sharply reduced barrier function.Conclusions: The barrier properties of the colon vary depending on tumor location. The tumors were less permeable than the intact intestinal wall and probably have a negative influence on tumor-adjacent tissues by disrupting their barrier function.

Spatio-temporal Variation of Landscape Heterogeneity under Influence of Human Activities in Xiamen City of China in Recent Decade

Xiamen is an economically competitive and highly urbanized city along the coastal area of Fujian Province, China. The research on spatio-temporal variation of landscape heterogeneity under the influence of human activities is of great importance to the further study on the relationship of landscape pattern and ecological process. It is also crucial to the discovery of spatial variation and intensity distribution of human activities. The research analyzed the intensity of human impacts and the spatial variation features and dynamics of landscape patterns by introducing statistical theories and approaches. We analyzed spatio-temporal variation of landscape heterogeneity using the geostatistical techniques, such as semivariogram and Kriging interpolation.Results show that there is a higher correlation between landscape heterogeneity indexes and human impact index. Both the indexes show a moderate spatial autocorrelation as well as an obvious characteristic of anisotropy. From 1998 to 2008, the spatial differentiation of the changes in the intensity of human activities and the changes in landscape heterogeneity shows that the landscape patterns in Xiamen are closely related with the urban land utilization methods, the condition of traffic and geographical location and the physical geographical condition such as the terrain and the ecological environment. The process of urbanization has a significant impact on the urban landscape pattern.

Viscosity profile prediction of a heavy crude oil during lifting in two deep artesian wells

It has been known that the productivity of artesian wells is strongly dependent on the rheological properties of crude oils. This work targets two deep artesian wells(>5000 m) that are producing heavy crude oil. The impacts of well conditions including temperature, pressure and shear rate, on the crude oil rheology were comprehensively investigated and correlated using several empirical rheological models. The experimental data indicate that this heavy oil is very sensitive to temperature as result of microstructure change caused by hydrogen bonding. The rheological behavior of the heavy oil is also significantly impacted by the imposed pressure, i.e., the viscosity flow activation energy(Eμ) gently increases with the increasing pressure. The viscosity–shear rate data are well fitted to the power law model at low temperature. However, due to the transition of fluid feature at high temperature(Newtonian fluid), the measured viscosity was found to slightly deviate from the fitting data. Combining the evaluated correlations, the viscosity profile of the heavy crude oil in these two deep artesian wells as a function of well depth was predicted using the oilfield producing data.

New application notion of pipeline transport——integrated in industry solid waste innocuous and efficient disposition

In order to solve transport problems of industry solid,firstly,a new applicationnotion of pipeline transport was presented,that is to say,combining pretreatment andtransport with disposal techniques of industry solid waste.Secondly,the integrated dis-posal and transport system for industry solid waste was introduced,in particular,the oper-ating principles,equipment set-up,key technology and technical parameters.Next,thispaper illustrated the application of this integrated system.Such as it can transport coalsludge with sufficiently high solids content(about 72%～77%)and high apparent viscosity(about 1 000～3 000 Pa.s)directly by pipeline having no use for water and addition agent.Generally,the transport distance is about 1 000 m.This system has been successfullyused in innocuous disposition and efficient utilization of other industrial byproducts or solidwastes,such as city sludge and paper making waste.The integrated system causes nopollution to the environment for its complete seal and realizes protecting the environment,conserving the energy,promoting the development of cycling economic.Finally,the paperdiscussed the research works that were needed for studying such pipeline transport sys-tem and narrates the relevant condition and application status.

Hypsometric properties of mountain landscape of Hunza River Basin of the Karakoram Himalaya

Within Karakoram Himalaya, Hunza River Basin(study area) is unique for a number of reasons: 1) potential impacts of highly concentrated highpitched mountains and glacial ice; 2) the glaciated portions have higher mean altitude as compared to other glaciated landscapes in the Karakoram; 3) this basin occupies varieties of both clean and debriscovered glaciers and/or ice. Therefore, it is imperative to understand the stability of topographic surface and potential implications of fluctuating glacial-ice causing variations in the movement of material from higher to lower elevations. This paper advocates landscape-level hypsometric investigations of glaciated landscape lies between 2280–7850 m elevation above sea level and non-glaciated landscape between 1461–7570 m. An attempt is made to understand intermediate elevations, which disguise the characteristics of glaciated hypsometries that are highly correlated with the Equilibrium Line Altitude(ELA). However, due to data scarcity for high altitude regions especially above 5000 m elevation, literature values for climatic conditions are used to create a relationship between hypsometry and variations in climate and ELA. The largest glaciated area(29.22%) between 5047 to 5555 m lies in the vertical regime of direct snow-accumulation zone and in the horizontal regime of net-accumulation zone(low velocity, net freezing, and no-sliding). In both landscapes, the hypsometric curves are ‘slow beginning' followed by ‘steep progress' and finally reaching a ‘plateau', reflecting the rapid altitudinal changes and the dominance of fluvial transport resulting in the denudation of land-dwelling and the transport of rock/debris from higher to lower altitudes. Reported slight differences in the average normalized bin altitudes against the cumulative normalized area between glaciated and non-glaciated landscapes are an indicator of slightly different land-forms and landform changes.

A Novel Real-time Optimization Methodology for Chemical Plants

In this paper, a novel approach termed process goose queue (PGQ) is suggested to deal with real-time optimization (RTO) of chemical plants. Taking advantage of the ad-hoc structure of PGQ which imitates biologic nature of flying wild geese, a chemical plant optimization problem can be re-formulated as a combination of a multi-layer PGQ and a PGQ-Objective according to the relationship among process variables involved in the objective and constraints. Subsequently, chemical plant RTO solutions are converted into coordination issues among PGQs which could be dealt with in a novel way. Accordingly, theoretical definitions, adjustment rule and implementing procedures associated with the approach are explicitly introduced together with corresponding enabling algorithms. Finally, an exemplary chemical plant is employed to demonstrate the feasibility and validity of the contribution.