教学语言表达的质感效度和质性效应分析

教学语言是教师在特定的时空范围即课堂教学中,借助一定的语言符号系统,向学生阐释教学内容、表达思想情感的语音表达、语词语句表述方式。教学语言表达的质感效度和质性效应体现教学语言的显示价值。基于语言构成因素的视角,凸显工具性的功用特质,注重情境性的质性效应,对教学语言表达的"质"进行理性分析。语词编码准确精练、细密严谨,体现"质细";语义生成依据学科特色和学生特点因境施语、深层组织语言,注重"质深";语句结构和语法运用完整规范、逻辑理性,引导学生思维认知的最优化发展,凸显"质高",可有效提升教育教学成效。

Coupling Effect of Water and Phosphate on Economic Traits of Sugarcane

[Objective] The aim was to study the coupling effect of water and phosphate on economic traits of sugarcane. [Method] Taking sugarcane variety ROC22 as tested material,coupling effects of different levels of water supply quantity and different levels of phosphorus fertilizer on the yield and quality of sugarcane were studied. Among them,water supply quantity had 3 levels,that was,the water supply quantity per 10 days from the early tillering stage of sugarcane to the end of elongation was 199.5 m3/hm2 (A1),400.5 m3/hm2 (A2) and 600.0 m3/hm2 (A3),respectively; Phosphorus fertilizer as basic fertilizer had 4 levels:P2O5 0 kg/hm2 (B1),120 kg/hm2 (B2),240 kg/hm2 (B3) and 360 kg/hm2 (B4). [Result] Treatment A3B2 in water-fertilizer coupling was more suitable to improve economic traits of sugarcane. [Conclusion] The research results provide theoretical basis for the efficient utilization of water and phosphorus fertilizer in production of Guangxi sugarcane and the cultivation of high-yield and high-glucose sugarcane.

Effect of Cultivation on Soil Organic Matter and Aggregate Stability

Agricultural sustainability relates directly to maintaining or enhancing soil quality. Soil quality studies in Canada during the 1980 s showed that loss of soil organic matter (SOM) and soil aggregate stability was standard features of non-sustainable land management in agroecosystems. In this study total soil organic carbon (SOC), particulate organic matter (POM), POM-C as a percentage of total SOC, and aggregate stability were determined for three cultivated fields and three adjacent grassland fields to a…

Contribution of Mass Elevation Effect to the Altitudinal Distribution of Global Treelines

Alpine treeline, as a prominent ecological boundary between forested mountain slopes and alpine meadow/shrub, is highly complex in altitudinal distribution and sensitive to warming climate. Great efforts have been made to explore their distribution patterns and ecological mechanisms that determine these patterns for more than 100 years, and quite a number of geographical and ecophysiological models have been developed to correlate treeline altitude with latitude or a latitude related temperature. However,on a global scale, all of these models have great difficulties to accurately predict treeline elevation due to the extreme diversity of treeline site conditions.One of the major reasons is that "mass elevation effect"(MEE) has not been quantified globally and related with global treeline elevations although it has been observed and its effect on treeline elevations in the Eurasian continent and Northern Hemisphere recognized. In this study, we collected and compiled a total of 594 treeline sites all over the world from literatures, and explored how MEE affects globaltreeline elevation by developing a ternary linear regression model with intra-mountain base elevation(IMBE, as a proxy of MEE), latitude and continentality as independent variables. The results indicated that IMBE, latitude and continentality together could explain 92% of global treeline elevation variability, and that IMBE contributes the most(52.2%), latitude the second(40%) and continentality the least(7.8%) to the altitudinal distribution of global treelines. In the Northern Hemisphere, the three factors' contributions amount to 50.4%, 45.9% and 3.7% respectively; in the south hemisphere, their contributions are 38.3%, 53%, and 8.7%, respectively. This indicates that MEE, virtually the heating effect of macro-landforms, is actually the most significant factor for the altitudinal distribution of treelines across the globe, and that latitude is relatively more significant for treeline elevation in the Southern Hemisphere probably due to fewer macro-landforms there.

Electronic Transport Properties of Spin-Crossover Magnet Fe（Ⅱ）-N4S2 Complexes

Spin-crossover （SCO） magnets can act as one of the most possible building blocks in molec- ular spintronics due to their magnetic bistability between the high-spin （HS） and low-spin （LS） states. Here, the electronic structures and transport properties through SCO magnet Fe（II）-N4S2 complexes sandwiched between gold electrodes are explored by performing exten- sive density functional theory calculations combined with non-equilibrium Green＇s function formalism. The optimized Fe-N and Fe-S distances and predicted magnetic moment of the SCO magnet Fe（II）-N4S2 complexes agree well with the experimental results. The reversed spin transition between the HS and LS states can be realized by visible light irradiation according to the estimated SCO energy barriers. Based on the obtained transport results, we observe nearly perfect spin-filtering effect in this SCO magnet Fe（II）-N4S2 junction with the HS state, and the corresponding current under small bias voltage is mainly contributed by the spin-down electrons, which is obviously larger than that of the LS case. Clearly, these theoretical findings suggest that SCO magnet Fe（II）-N4S2 complexes hold potential applications in molecular spintronies.

Deformation behavior of materials in micro-forming with consideration of intragranular heterogeneities

To describe the relationship between the whole material deformation behavior and each grain deformation behavior inmicro-forming,experimental and numerical modelling methods were employed.Tensile test results reveal that contrary to the valueof flow stress,the scatter of flow stress decreases with the increase of thickness-to-grain diameter(T/d)ratio.Microhardnessevaluation results show that each grain owns unique deformation behavior and randomly distributes in each specimen.The specimenwith less number of grains would be more likely to form an easy deformation zone and produce the concentration of plasticdeformation.Based on the experiment results,a size-dependent model considering the effects of grain size,geometry size,and thedeformation behavior of each grain was developed.And the effectiveness and practicability of the size-dependent model wereverified by experimental results.

Polymer nanocomposite dielectrics with high electrocaloric effect for flexible solid-state cooling devices

Nanocomposite dielectrics show great promising application in developing next generation wearable all-solidstate cooling devices owing to the possessed advantages of high cooling efficiency, light-weight and small volume without the induced greenhouse effect or serious harm to ozone layer in the exploited refrigerants. However, low electrocaloric strength in nanocomposite dielectric is severely restricting its wide-spread application because of high applied operating voltage to improve electrocaloric effect. After addressing the chosen optimized ferroelectric ceramic and ferroelectric polymer matrix in conjunction with the analysis of crucial parameters, recent progress of electrocaloric effect(ECE) in polymer nanocomposites has been considerably reviewed. Subsequently, prior to proposing the conceptual design and devices/systems in electrocaloric nanocomposites, the existing developed devices/systems are reviewed. Finally, conclusions and prospects are conducted, including the aspects of materials chosen, structural design and key issues to be considered in improving electrocaloric effect of polymer nanocomposite dielectrics for flexible solidstate cooling devices.

Effect of heat transfer space non-uniformity of combustion chamber components on in-cylinder soot emission formation in diesel engine

Combustion chamber components （cylinder head, cylinder liner, piston assembly and oil film） are treated as a coupled body. Based on the three-dimensional numerical simulation of heat transfer of the coupled body, a coupled three-dimensional calculation model for the in-cylinder working process and the combustion chamber components was built with domain decomposition and boundary coupling method, in which the coupled three-dimensional simulation of in-cylindcr working process and the combustion chamber components was adopted. The simulation was applied in the influence investigation of the space non-uniformity in heat transfer among combustion chamber components on the generation of in-cylinder emissions. The results show that the space non-uniformity in heat transfer among the combustion chamber components has great influence on the generation of in-cylinder NOx emissions. The heat transfer space non-uniformity of combustion chamber components has little effect on soot formation, and far less effect on soot formation than on NOx. Under two situations of different wall temperature distributions, the soot in cylinder is different by 1.3% when exhaust valves are open.

Effective-Field Theory on High Spin Systems with Biaxial Crystal Field

Based on the effective-field theory with self-spin correlations and the differential operator technique, physical properties of the spin-2 system with biaxial crystal field on the .simple cubic, body-centered cubic, as well as faced-centered lattice have been studied. The influences of the external longitudinal magnetic field on the magnetization, internal energy, specific heat, and susceptibility have been discussed in detail The phenomenon that the magnetization in the ground state shows quantum effects produced by the biaxial transverse crystal field has been found.

Galvanic effect of magnetite on electrochemical oxidation of arsenopyrite in acidic culture medium

The galvanic interaction of arsenopyrite−magnetite in acidic culture medium was investigated by electrochemical measurements,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy characterization and leaching experiments.The results indicated that the rest potential of magnetite was 321 mV,which was more anodic than 223 mV of arsenopyrite,and the galvanic current was 7.40μA,verifying the existence of the galvanic interaction between arsenopyrite and magnetite.The galvanic potential and polarization curves suggested that the redox behaviors of arsenopyrite dominated the overall galvanic interaction.The galvanic interaction enhanced the electrochemical dissolution of arsenopyrite with the generation of more oxidation products(S^(0),SO_(3)^(2−),SO_(4)^(2−)and AsO_(3)^(3−)) on arsenopyrite and an increase in the chemical reactivity of the surface.Leaching experiments of 6 days showed that the presence of magnetite improved the arsenic release from arsenopyrite by 30 mg/L,and further confirmed the enhanced oxidation of arsenopyrite when coupled with magnetite.

Natural ventilation performance of single room building with fluctuating wind speed and thermal mass

Natural ventilation is driven by either buoyancy forces or wind pressure forces or their combinations that inherit stochastic variation into ventilation rates. Since the ventilation rate is a nonlinear function of multiple variable factors including wind speed, wind direction, internal heat source and building structural thermal mass, the conventional methods for quantifying ventilation rate simply using dominant wind direction and average wind speed may not accurately describe the characteristic performance of natural ventilation. From a new point of view, the natural ventilation performance of a single room building under fluctuating wind speed condition using the Monte-Carlo simulation approach was investigated by incorporating building facade thermal mass effect. Given a same hourly turbulence intensity distribution, the wind speeds with 1 rain frequency fluctuations were generated using a stochastic model, the modified GARCH model. Comparisons of natural ventilation profiles, effective ventilation rates, and air conditioning electricity use for a three-month period show statistically significant differences （for 80% confidence interval） between the new calculations and the traditional methods based on hourly average wind speed.

Specific Heat and Magnetic Susceptibility of Graphene:A Renormalization Group Study

In the present paper, we study effect of the long-range Coulomb interaction on the thermodynamic propertiesof graphene by renormalization group methods.Our calculations show that both the specific heat and the magneticsusceptibility of the material behave differently from the Landau Fermi liquid.More precisely, we find that thesequantities are logarithmically suppressed with respect to its noninteracting counterpart when temperature is low.

Hydrogen Bonding Effects on the Photophysical Properties of 2,3-dihydro-3-keto- 1H-pyrido[3,2,1-kl] phenothiazine

Time-dependent density functional theory （TDDFT） and femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy were used to investigate the photophysical properties of 2,3-dihydro-3-keto-lH- pyrido[3,2,1-kl]phenothiazine （PTZ4） and 3-keto-lH-pyrido[3,2,1-kl]phenothiazine （PTZ5）. The calculated results obtained from TDDFT suggest that the red-shifts of the absorption spectra of these two fluorophores in methanol are due to the formation of hydrogen-bonded complexes at the ground state. Four conformers of PTZ4 were obtained by TDDFT. The two fluorescence peaks of PTZ4 in tetrahydrofuran （THF） came from the ICT states of the four conformers. The fluorescence of PTZ4 in THF showed a dependence on the excitation wavelength because of butterfly bending. The excited state dynamics of PTZ4 in THF and methanol were obtained by transient absorption spectroscopy. The lifetime of the excited PTZ4 in methanol was 53.8 ps, and its relaxation from the LE state to the ICT state was completed within several picoseconds. The short lifetime of excited PTZ4 in methanol was due to the formation of out-of-plane model hydrogen bonds between PTZ4 and methanol at the excited state.

Increasing effect of metamorphism on rock properties

This work studied the effect of increasing degree of metamorphism on the properties of rocks.The properties investigated are the physical,mechanical and dynamic parameters.They are important inputs in the design of many mining and civil engineering techniques such as in tunnelling,slope stability and dynamic activities associated with seismicity and fragmentation.This work compared the degree of metamorphism examined through petrographic studies of the Transvaal Sequence in South Africa with the properties of the rocks.The study shows that as the effect metamorphism increases,the state of stress,compaction of grains,cementation and the brittleness of the rocks increases.In addition,increase in the metamorphic effect increases the value of the rock property.The degree of metamorphism of an outcrop is the key factor influencing its property value.Therefore the metamorphism effect of an outcrop may act as a guide to its engineering properties.

Capacitance Evaluation on Non-parallel Thick-Plate Capacitors by Means of Finite Element Analysis

In this work we show the influence of the edge-effect on the electric field distribution and, hence, on the inner and outer capacitance in an inclined-plate capacitor system surrounded by an insulating medium taking into account the thickness of the conducting plates for a complete set of dimensions and insulating characteristics. Where available, we compare our results with previously published works. Finally, using statistical tools, we obtain approximate expression for computing the relationship between capacitance and insulation material characteristics, insulation gap, plate dimensions and angle.

Neutron （Magnetic Isotope） Catalysis for Example Isotopes 24,25,26Mg in Cells E. Coli

We offered the new theory of neutron （magnetic isotope） catalysis. For the first time it was shown that the number of neutrons in the atom, which have anomalous magnetic effect, have a great influence on the chemical properties. Our proposed theory of neutron （magnetic isotope） catalysis takes into account the influence of the magnetic field on the catalytic processes.

The analysis of the rural cooperative finance characteristic

The paper set off from the nature characteristics of rural cooperation finance, analyzing the finance cooperation in our rural areas. It points out that the supporting strength is difficult to maintain the need of simple reproduction, disturbing the consistence between the intense need of the important peasant household and the market-oriented development of enterprise produce What is more, and functional cultivating becomes reverse circulation, forming shoulders adjustment mechanism in the majority of our rural areas. In the long run, if we want to break the influence of the long-term effect of dual economy between urban and rural areas, plan the development of urban and rural as a whole, build socialism new rural area, the key is to comply with the principle ＂root in rural area, originally in the peasant, quality in cooperation ＂, build and perfect the serve system of rural cooperation finance.

Construction of mTNFR1shRNA Plasmid and its Biological Effects on MHV-3 Induced Fulminant Hepatitis in BALB/cJ Mice

Previous study on TNFRl-mediated hepatocyte apoptosis has been implicated in the development of fulminant viral hepatitis. To interfere with the potentially effective target, plasmid named p-mTNFRlshRNA complimentary to the sequence responsible for mTNFR1 was also constructed and further confirmed by sequence analysis. To investigate the effect of mTNFRlshRNA plasmid on mTNFR1 expression in vivo and the disease progress in MHV-3 induced fulminant hepatitis mice model. By hydrodynamic injection of mTNFRlshRNA plasmid, the survival rate of mice, hepatic pathological change were examined and compared between mice with/without mTNFRlshRNA plasmid intervention. The expression of mTNFR1 was detected by Real-time PCR, immunohistochemistry staining. The mTNFRlshRNA plasmid significantly reduced mTNFR1 expression in vivo, markedly ameliorates inflammatory infiltration, prolonged the survival time period and elevated the survival rate from 0 up to 13.3% in Balb/cJ mice with MHV-3 induced fulminant hepatitis. This study was designed to explore the opportunity of RNA interference technique in inhibiting TNFR1 expression, which has been reported to be involved in the development of a variety of diseases including fulminant viral hepatitis and severe chronic hepatitis B.

The Synergistic Effect of HT and Complement Regulatory Proteins in Resisting the Immunological Rejection of Heterogenic Transplantation

Objective：To establish the polytransgenic mice expressing the human HT and complement regulatory proteins （CRPs） and discuss their ability to resist the hyperacute rejection （HAR） and delayed xenograft rejection （DXR） of heterogenic transplantation. Methods ：Transgenic mice were produced by microinjection to construct gene for human HT, delay acceleration factor （DAF） and/or CD59 into the male pronucleus of zygote. PCR and Southern blot were used to screen the positive trarisgenic mice. Flow cytometry （FCM） was used to detect the expression of HT, ct-Gal and DAF or CD59 on the PBMCs of transgenic mice. The survival time and function of the heart of transgenic mice were determined by a modified Langendorff cardiac perfusion apparatus： The change of proteinosis on IgM,IgG, C3c and C9 from different cardiac vascular iendothelial cells of transgenic mice were detected by immunohistochemistry. Results：HT, DAF or CD59 were highly expressed on the positive transgenic mice by FCM. The deposition of IgM,IgG,C3c or C9 in the cardiac vascular endothelial cells of the positive transgenic mice were de- creased. The survival time and function of the heart of the co-transgenic mice with AB serum perfusion were significantly longer and higher than that of the single HT positive transgenic mice（P 〈0.05）. Conclusion ：The mice co-expressing HT/DAF or HT/CD59 could resist the HAR,which was better than those expressing HT alone. It is feasible to use HT and CRPs co-transgenic methods to resist the HAR and DXR.

Analysis on effective stress formula and consolidation of gassy muddy clay

In order to found an applicable equation of consolidation for gassy muddy clay, an effective stress formula of gas-charged nearly-saturated soils was introduced. And then, a consolidation equation was derived. Subsequently, supposing soils were under tangential loading, the expressions of pore water pressure were presented. The analytic solution of pore water pressure was attempted to be validated by the measured values in a real embankment. The parameters in the expressions of pore water pressure were gotten by the method of trial. The result shows that the consolidation model is rational and the analytic solution of pore water pressure is correct. The following conclusions can be made: 1) the influence of bubbles on the compressibility of pore fluid should be considered; 2) the effective stress would be influenced by bubbles, and the consolidation would depend on the compressibility of soil skeleton: the softer the soils are, the more distinct the influence of bubbles is; for normal clay, the influence of bubbles on the effective stress may be commonly neglected.