The effects of wood roughness, modification and sanding on the water contact angle values of pine spruce and aspen wood surfaces were evaluated. Contact angle values set by time linear part extrapolation give increase...The effects of wood roughness, modification and sanding on the water contact angle values of pine spruce and aspen wood surfaces were evaluated. Contact angle values set by time linear part extrapolation give increased values in comparison with ones obtained after water drop spreading on the surface. Water drop side-view contact angle along wood fiber directions is less influenced by surface roughness. Wood water activity （aw） can be used to ascertain available water content on surface.展开更多
It is nowadays well-known that ionic liquids can dissolve cellulose. However, little systematic data has been published that shed light onto the influence of the ionic liquid structure on the dissolution of cellulose....It is nowadays well-known that ionic liquids can dissolve cellulose. However, little systematic data has been published that shed light onto the influence of the ionic liquid structure on the dissolution of cellulose. We have conducted 1H NMR spec- troscopy of ethanol in a large number of ionic liquids, and found an excellent correlation of the data obtained with the hydro- gen acceptor properties （B-values）. With this tool in hand, it is possible to distinguish between cellulose-dissolving and non-dissolving ionic liquids. A modulating effect of both, the anion of the non-dissolving ionic liquid and its cation was found in solubility studies with binary ionic liquid mixtures. The study was extended to other non-dissolving liquids, namely water and dimethylsulfoxide, and the effect of the cation was also investigated.展开更多
Disorder and localization have dramatic influence on the topological properties of a quantum system.While strong disorder can close the band gap thus depriving topological materials of topological features,disorder ma...Disorder and localization have dramatic influence on the topological properties of a quantum system.While strong disorder can close the band gap thus depriving topological materials of topological features,disorder may also induce topology from trivial band structures,wherein topological invariants are shared by completely localized states.Here we experimentally investigate a fundamentally distinct scenario where topology is identified in a critically localized regime,with eigenstates neither fully extended nor completely localized.Adopting the technique of momentum-lattice engineering for ultracold atoms,we implement a one-dimensional,generalized Aubry-Andrémodel with both diagonal and off-diagonal quasi-periodic disorder in momentum space,and characterize its localization and topological properties through dynamic observables.We then demonstrate the impact of interactions on the critically localized topological state,as a first experimental endeavor toward the clarification of many-body critical phase,the critical analogue of the many-body localized state.展开更多
Carcinoma-associated fibroblasts(CAFs) function as a double-edged sword in tumor progression. However,factors affecting the transition between tumor promotion and inhibition remain to be investigated. Here, we found t...Carcinoma-associated fibroblasts(CAFs) function as a double-edged sword in tumor progression. However,factors affecting the transition between tumor promotion and inhibition remain to be investigated. Here, we found that the transition was determined by stiffness heterogeneity of the tumor stroma in which tumor cells and CAFs were grown.When tumor cells were grown on a rigid plastic substrate,supernatants from CAFs inhibited the cytotoxic effects of 5-fluorouracil. In contrast, when tumor cells were grown on a soft substrate(5.3 kPa), supernatants from CAFs grown on a soft substrate increased the cytotoxicity of 5-fluorouracil. The diverse effects of CAFs were mediated by mechanotransduction factors, including stroma stiffness-induced cytokine expression in CAFs and signal transduction associated with stress fiber formation of CAFs. Moreover, we found that the cytokine expression in CAFs was regulated by nuclear Yesassociated protein, which changed according to cell stiffness,as characterized by atomic force microscopy. Overall, these findings suggested that modulating the mechanotransduction of the stroma together with CAFs might be important for increasing the efficacy of chemotherapy.展开更多
This paper mainly discussed the heat transmission rate and physical-mechanical properties of particleboard (PB) and middle density fiberboard (MDF) with different forming methods. In this experiment, both poplar and w...This paper mainly discussed the heat transmission rate and physical-mechanical properties of particleboard (PB) and middle density fiberboard (MDF) with different forming methods. In this experiment, both poplar and wheat-straw with different ratios and different shape forms were used as furnishes; UF and MDI were added to the poplar furnish and wheat-straw one, respectively. The experiment results showed that the layer-forming boards were superior to the mixture-forming boards. Under the given experimental conditions, the poplar to wheat straw ratio has no obvious influence on the mechanical properties, but has significant influence on the thickness swell (TS) of PB and MDF.展开更多
文摘The effects of wood roughness, modification and sanding on the water contact angle values of pine spruce and aspen wood surfaces were evaluated. Contact angle values set by time linear part extrapolation give increased values in comparison with ones obtained after water drop spreading on the surface. Water drop side-view contact angle along wood fiber directions is less influenced by surface roughness. Wood water activity （aw） can be used to ascertain available water content on surface.
基金supported by the BASF SE. A.S. is indebted to the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) for funding within the SPP 1191 Priority Programme Ionic Liquids (STA1027/2-1 to /2-3)
文摘It is nowadays well-known that ionic liquids can dissolve cellulose. However, little systematic data has been published that shed light onto the influence of the ionic liquid structure on the dissolution of cellulose. We have conducted 1H NMR spec- troscopy of ethanol in a large number of ionic liquids, and found an excellent correlation of the data obtained with the hydro- gen acceptor properties （B-values）. With this tool in hand, it is possible to distinguish between cellulose-dissolving and non-dissolving ionic liquids. A modulating effect of both, the anion of the non-dissolving ionic liquid and its cation was found in solubility studies with binary ionic liquid mixtures. The study was extended to other non-dissolving liquids, namely water and dimethylsulfoxide, and the effect of the cation was also investigated.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFA0307200,2016YFA0301700 and 2017YFA0304100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12074337 and 11974331)+2 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(LR21A040002 and LZ18A040001)Zhejiang Provincial Plan for Science and Technology(2020C01019)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2020XZZX002-05 and 2021FZZX001-02)。
文摘Disorder and localization have dramatic influence on the topological properties of a quantum system.While strong disorder can close the band gap thus depriving topological materials of topological features,disorder may also induce topology from trivial band structures,wherein topological invariants are shared by completely localized states.Here we experimentally investigate a fundamentally distinct scenario where topology is identified in a critically localized regime,with eigenstates neither fully extended nor completely localized.Adopting the technique of momentum-lattice engineering for ultracold atoms,we implement a one-dimensional,generalized Aubry-Andrémodel with both diagonal and off-diagonal quasi-periodic disorder in momentum space,and characterize its localization and topological properties through dynamic observables.We then demonstrate the impact of interactions on the critically localized topological state,as a first experimental endeavor toward the clarification of many-body critical phase,the critical analogue of the many-body localized state.
基金financially supported by the Postdoctoral Science Foundation Program of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical Collegethe National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) (31470905)National Institutes of Health/National Cancer Institute (NIH/NCI) Grant R21, CA208196
文摘Carcinoma-associated fibroblasts(CAFs) function as a double-edged sword in tumor progression. However,factors affecting the transition between tumor promotion and inhibition remain to be investigated. Here, we found that the transition was determined by stiffness heterogeneity of the tumor stroma in which tumor cells and CAFs were grown.When tumor cells were grown on a rigid plastic substrate,supernatants from CAFs inhibited the cytotoxic effects of 5-fluorouracil. In contrast, when tumor cells were grown on a soft substrate(5.3 kPa), supernatants from CAFs grown on a soft substrate increased the cytotoxicity of 5-fluorouracil. The diverse effects of CAFs were mediated by mechanotransduction factors, including stroma stiffness-induced cytokine expression in CAFs and signal transduction associated with stress fiber formation of CAFs. Moreover, we found that the cytokine expression in CAFs was regulated by nuclear Yesassociated protein, which changed according to cell stiffness,as characterized by atomic force microscopy. Overall, these findings suggested that modulating the mechanotransduction of the stroma together with CAFs might be important for increasing the efficacy of chemotherapy.
文摘This paper mainly discussed the heat transmission rate and physical-mechanical properties of particleboard (PB) and middle density fiberboard (MDF) with different forming methods. In this experiment, both poplar and wheat-straw with different ratios and different shape forms were used as furnishes; UF and MDI were added to the poplar furnish and wheat-straw one, respectively. The experiment results showed that the layer-forming boards were superior to the mixture-forming boards. Under the given experimental conditions, the poplar to wheat straw ratio has no obvious influence on the mechanical properties, but has significant influence on the thickness swell (TS) of PB and MDF.
