“质明”正解

"质明"的"质"训为"端始","质明"训为"黎明的开始"的观点不甚允当。"质"应当训为正,"质明"就是天正亮。"质明"不是"黎明的开始",而恰恰是黎明的"结束"。

Simultaneous Identification of Thermophysical Properties of Semitransparent Media Using a Hybrid Model Based on Artificial Neural Network and Evolutionary Algorithm

A hybrid identification model based on multilayer artificial neural networks(ANNs) and particle swarm optimization(PSO) algorithm is developed to improve the simultaneous identification efficiency of thermal conductivity and effective absorption coefficient of semitransparent materials.For the direct model,the spherical harmonic method and the finite volume method are used to solve the coupled conduction-radiation heat transfer problem in an absorbing,emitting,and non-scattering 2D axisymmetric gray medium in the background of laser flash method.For the identification part,firstly,the temperature field and the incident radiation field in different positions are chosen as observables.Then,a traditional identification model based on PSO algorithm is established.Finally,multilayer ANNs are built to fit and replace the direct model in the traditional identification model to speed up the identification process.The results show that compared with the traditional identification model,the time cost of the hybrid identification model is reduced by about 1 000 times.Besides,the hybrid identification model remains a high level of accuracy even with measurement errors.

The Value of the Measurement of Urinary Hyaluronic Acid Levels for the Diagnosis of Bladder Cancer

Objective To investigate the value of the measurement of urinary hyaluronic acid (HA) levels for the diagnosis of bladder cancer and the possibility of replacing ELISA-like assay with radioimmunoassay to detect the levels of urinary HA. Methods Using the ELISA-like assay and radioimmunoassay at the same time to measure the HA levels in the urine specimens from 49 bladder cancer patients, 12 benign bladder tumor patients, 30 other genitourinary disease patients and 20 normal controls. Results There is not much difference between the consequences of the urinary HA levels whether we used the ELISA-like assay or radioimmunoassay to detect every specimen (P>0.05). When we used the results with radioimmunoassay for analysis, we found the levels of urinary HA of bladder cancer patients were 2–4 times than those of the benign bladder tumor patients, other genitourinary disease patients or normal individuals (P<0.01); With 137.5 ngHA/mg protein (113.6±23.9 ng/mg) as a minimum cutoff limit, this assay had a good sensitivity (91.8%) and specificity (91.9%) for the diagnosis of bladder cancer. Its difference in sensitivity meant a lot when compared with urine cytology (48.9%,P<0.01). Conclusion The urinary HA assay is a simple, convenient, noninvasive credible and cheap method with satisfactory sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of bladder carcinoma; radioimmunoassay is also a good means to measure the urinary HA levels. Key words Bladder carcinoma - Hyaluronic acid - Urine

SCOURS IN FRONT OF A BREAKWATER BY BROKEN WAVES AND THEIR SIMILARITY LAW

The sea bottom in front of a breakwater is scoured under the action of broken waves,and this will affect the stability of the breakwater.In this paper,the scours of sandy seabed in front of a breakwater under the action of broken waves are investigated experimentally.The depth and range of the scouring trough at the foot of a breakwater are studied,and the influence of open foundation-bed on scouring and depositing is also discussed.In order to apply the research results to practical projects,the scale of model sediment and the scale of scours and depositions are suggested.

Soil Environmental Quality Evaluation for Wasteland of Coalmine Tailing Polluted by Heavy Metals in Mingshan of Guangdong

ln order to appraise scientifical y the heavy metal contamination in waste-land of coalmine tailing in Mingshan of Guangdong, the 5 soil samples in wasteland of coalmine tailing were col ected in November 2010 to March 2011. The 7 heavy metals content in the contaminated soil was measured by atomic absorption spec-trophotometry. The results showed the pH of the wasteland soil ranged from 2.87 to 6.16, and the soil was relatively infertile. The soil was mainly pol uted by Cd and Mn. The Cd content in wasteland soil ranged from 0.759 mg/kg to 3.109 mg/kg with an average content of 2.052 mg/kg, which was much higher than the standard content. The Mn content ranged from 387.057 to 488.660 mg/kg with an average content of 421.215 mg/kg, which was much higher than the standard content. The Nemerow integrated pol ution indexes showed the sample 1, sample 4 and sample 5 were of heavy pol ution, and sample 2 and sample 3 were of moderate pol ution.

文言背记自我检测

1.对下列句中加点字的解释错误的一项是【】A.聊乘化以归尽,乐夫天命复奚疑(顺应)B.然秦以区区之地,致万乘之势(量词,辆)c.乘鄂渚而反顾兮,欸秋冬之绪风(升、登)D.余以乾隆三十九年十二月,自京师乘风雪,至于泰安(冒着)2.对下列句中加点字的解释错误的一项是【】A.于是为长安君约车百乘,质于齐(抵押、作抵押品)B.质明,避哨竹林中(已经)C.非天质之卑,则心不若余之专耳(本质、资质)D.乃令张仪佯去秦,厚币委质事楚(通"贽",古时初次拜见尊长时所送的礼物)

轻松合作,快乐学习——浅谈中年级小组合作策略

小组合作学习可以有效提高课堂教学效率,选择恰当的合作时机、合作内容、合作形式,有利于落实合作任务,提高合作效率。中年级学生的小组合作主要采用两种形式,一是朗读课文式的合作,二是寻找答案式的合作。

Cell surface activation of progelatinase A (proMMP-2) and cell migration

Gelatinase A (MMP-2) is considered to play a critical role in cell migration and invasion. The proteinase is secreted from the cell as an inactive zymogen. In vivo it is postulated that activation of progelationase A (proMMP-2) takes place on the cell surface mediated by membrane-type matrix metalloproteinases (MT-MMPs). Recent studies have demonstrated that proMMP-2 is recruited to the cell surface by interacting with tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-2 (TIMP-2) bound to MT1MMP by forming a ternary complex. bee MT1-MMP closely located to the ternary complex then activates proMMP-2 on the cell surface. MT1-MMP is found in cultured invasive cancer cells at the invadopodia. The MTMMP/TIMP-2/ MMP- 2 system t bus provides localized expression of proteolysis of the extracellular matrix required for cell migration.

Golgi localization and dynamics of hyaluronan binding protein 1 (HABP1/p32/C1QBP) during the cell cycle

Hyaluronan binding protein 1 (HABP1) is a negatively charged multifunctional mammalian protein with a unique structural fold. Despite the fact that HABP1 possesses mitochondrial localization signal, it has also been localized to other cellular compartments. Using indirect immunofluorescence, we examined the sub-cellular localization of HABP1 and its dynamics during mitosis. We wanted to determine whether it distributes in any distinctive manner after mitotic nuclear envelope disassembly or is dispersed randomly throughout the cell. Our results reveal the golgi localization of HABP1 and demonstrate its complete dispersion throughout the cell during mitosis. This distinctive distribution pattern of HABP1 during mitosis resembles its ligand hyaluronan, suggesting that in concert with each other the two molecules play critical roles in this dynamic process.

Oral absorption of hyaluronic acid and phospholipids complexes in rats

AIM： To prepare a complex of hyaluronic acid （HA） and phospholipids （PL）, and study the improvement effect of PL on the oral absorption of HA. METHODS： The complex of HA-PL （named Haplex） was prepared by film dispersion and sonication method, its physico-chemical properties were identified by infrared spectra and differential scanning calorimetry （DSC）. The oral absorption of Haplex was studied. Thirty-two healthy rats were divided into 4 groups randomly： （1） a normal saline （NS） control group; （2） an HA group; （3） a mixture group and （4） a Haplex group. After intragastric administration, the concentration of HA in serum was determined. RESULTS： The physico-chemical properties of Haplex were different from HA or PL or their mixture. After Haplex was administered to rats orally, the serum concentration of HA was increased when compared with the mixture or HA control groups from 4 h to 10 h （P 〈 0.05）. The AAUCo-12, of Haplex was also greater than that of the other three groups （P 〈 0.05）. CONCLUSION： The method of film dispersion and sonication can prepare HA and PL complex, and PL can enhance the oral absorption of exogenous HA.

Matrix metalloproteinase-2 as a superior biomarker for peritoneal deterioration in peritoneal dialysis

AIM： To investigate the effcacy of effuent biomarkers for peritoneal deterioration with functional decline in peritoneal dialysis （PD）.METHODS： From January 2005 to March 2013, the subjects included 218 PD patients with end-stage renal disease at 18 centers. Matrix metalloproteinase-2 （MMP-2）, interleukin-6 （IL-6）, hyaluronan, and cancer antigen 125 （CA125） in peritoneal effluent were quantified with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Peritoneal solute transport rate was assessed by peritoneal equilibration test （PET） to estimate peritoneal deterioration.RESULTS： The ratio of the effuent level of creatinine （Cr） obtained 4 h after injection （D） to that of plasma was correlated with the effluent levels of MMP-2 （ρ = 0.74, P 〈 0.001）, IL-6 （ρ = 0.46, P 〈 0.001）, and hyaluronan （ρ = 0.27, P 〈 0.001）, but not CA125 （ρ = 0.13, P = 0.051）. The area under receiver operating characteristic curve for the effluent levels of MMP-2, IL-6, and hyaluronan against high PET category were 0.90, 0.78, 0.62, and 0.51, respectively. No patient developed new-onset encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis for at least 1.5 years after peritoneal effuent sampling.CONCLUSION： The effuent MMP-2 level most closely reflected peritoneal solute transport rate. MMP-2 can be a reliable indicator of peritoneal deterioration with functional decline.

Dissolution kinetics of kaolin mineral in acidic media for predicting optimal condition for alum production

The dissolution kinetics and mechanisms of reaction of Batagbon Kaolin in sulphuric and fluosilicic acids were studied. Leaching temperature, acid concentration, particle size, solid-to-liquid ratio, and stirring speed were selected as process parameters. It is observed that the dissolution rate increases with decreasing particle size and solid-to-liquid ratio, and increases with stirring speed, acid concentration, and leaching temperature. The experimental results indicate that the dissolution rate is of mixed control via hydrogen ion [H＋] action, with reaction order of 0.813 and the reaction kinetics can be expressed as gmt=[1-（1-x）l/3＋y/6[（l-x）l/3＋ 1-2（1-x）2/3]. The activation energy of the process is determined to be 21.6 k J/mol. The level of the product quality is also evaluated.

Clinical Observation on the Long-Term Therapeutic Effects of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Treatment of Liver Fibrosis

48 patients with liver fibrosis due to hepatitis B were treated for 2 years with the drugs for tonifying the kidney, supplementing qi, cooling and invigorating the blood and detoxification. The symptoms were markedly improved, and serum ALT and bilirubin were recovered and kept normal in most of the cases. The mean levels of serum hyaluronic acid, procollagen peptide III and circulating immune complex were decreased and returned to normal after the treatment. B-ultrasonography showed that the portal vein kept in normal size in 82% of the patients, the enlarged portal vein diminished in diameter, and the enlarged spleen reduced.

Layered Double Hydroxide Modified by PEGylated Hyaluronic Acid as a Hybrid Nanocarrier for Targeted Drug Delivery

In recent years, organic-inorganic hybrid nanocarriers are explored for effective drug delivery and preferable disease treatments. In this study, using 5-fluorouracil(5-FU)as electronegative model drug, a new type of organic-inorganic hybrid drug delivery system(LDH/HA-PEG/5-FU)was conceived and manufactured by the adsorption of PEGylated hyaluronic acid(HA-PEG)on the surface of layered double hydroxide(LDH, prepared via hydrothermal method)and the intercalation of 5-FU in the interlamination of LDH via ion exchange strategy. The drug loading amount of LDH/HA-PEG/5-FU achieved as high as 34.2%. LDH, LDH/5-FU and LDH/HA-PEG/5-FU were characterized by FT-IR, XRD, TGA, laser particle size analyzer and SEM. With the benefit of p Hdegradable feature of LDH and enzyme-degradable feature of HA, LDH/HA-PEG/5-FU showed p H-degradable and enzyme-degradable capacity in in vitro drug release. Moreover, the drug carrier LDH/HA-PEG contained biocompatible PEG and tumor-targeted HA, resulting in lower cytotoxicity and better endocytosis compared with LDH in vitro. It was suggested that the organic-inorganic hybrid drug delivery system, which was endowed with the properties of controlled release, low toxicity and tumor-targeting delivery for ameliorative cancer therapy, was advisable and might be applied further to fulfill other treatments.

Composition of Starch and Protein in the Endosperm of Newly Generated Double Recessive Waxy and Opaque 2 Maize （Zea mays L.） Genotypes

Waxy maize with its pure amylopectin starch is the staple food of many ethnic minorities in hilly regions of Southeast Asia （SEA）. A combination of waxy and quality protein maize （QPM） traits would improve the quality of protein of waxy maize for human consumption. Double recessive waxy-QPM （wx-o2） genotypes had been generated from Southern Chinese material by haploid induction of crosses heterozygous for the two quality traits with an absolutely conserved waxy type and an improved amino acid profile. The vitreous kernel trait （due to the additional modifier genes present in QPM） was lost in the wx-o2 plant material; this may be due to the waxy mutation, this is anyhow desirable for acceptance as waxy maize is preferred due to its soft grains. The content of the quality limiting amino acid lysine was greatly increased in double recessive wx-o2 genotypes compared to standard waxy maize, but still with a high variation among genotypes for future improvement. Conclusively, it was indeed possible to combine two grain quality mutations successfully within one genotype and prototypes of double quality wx-o2 are available now to contribute to meet human requirements in essential amino acids and thus reduce malnutrition in various regions of Asia.

Use of hyaluronic acid for sperm immobilisation and selection before intracytoplasmic sperm injection:A systematic review and meta-analysis

AIM:To appraise critically the published randomised controlled trials(RCTs)reporting on the effectiveness of using hyaluronic acid(HA)for sperm immobilisation and selection before intracytoplasmic sperm injection(ICSI).METHODS:Two authors used the PICO Method in order to perform a comprehensive literature search of the standard medical databases in June 2015.Data from the included studies was extracted independently by two authors using a predefined pro-forma.Review Manager(RevM an)was used to calculate the combined outcomes where multiple studies contributed with their results.Risk ratio(RR)with a 95%CI using the Mantel-Haenszel method was calculated for binary data variables.Heterogeneity was measured using the χ2 test and quantified using I2.In case of substantial heterogeneity(P < 0.10 for χ2 test or I2 > 50%)the combined outcome was calculated using the random effects model.The results from the meta-analysis were displayed as forest plots.The guideline of the Cochrane Collaboration was used to assess the risk of bias and it was illustrated as a risk of bias graph.RESULTS:The systematic literature search identified 166 different studies related to sperm immobilisation and selection for ICSI.Eleven RCTs involving 13719 oocyte intracytoplasmatic injections with sperm immobilised and selected using HA or polyvinylpyrrolidone(PVP)were included in this systematic review and metaanalysis.There was low heterogeneity among the included trials(χ2 = 16.86,df = 11,P = 0.11; I2 = 35%).There was no statistical difference between HA and PVP groups in terms of fertilisation rate(RR = 1.01; 95%CI:0.99-1.03; z = 0.75; P = 0.45),good embryos rate(RR = 1.01; 95%CI:0.96-1.06; z = 0.30; P = 0.76),live birth rate(RR = 1.15; 95%CI:0.86-1.54; z = 0.92; P = 0.36),clinical pregnancy rate(RR = 1.04; 95%CI:0.92-1.17; z = 0.62; P = 0.53)and implantation rate(RR = 1.17; 95%CI:0.94-1.46; z = 0.40; P = 0.16).The quality of most of the included studies was moderate to poor because of unclear randomisation technique,inadequate allocation concealment and blinding.CONCLUSION:This systematic review and metaanalysis provides evidence of similar efficiency between using HA or PVP for sperm immobilisation and selection before ICSI.

Lighting Design in Europe： Aligning the Demands for Lower Energy Usage with Better Quality

Lighting design is one of the fastest changing areas in building engineering. It has evolved significantly in recent years due to changing technology and demands for improved quality, better control, reduced energy and sustainability. This paper is an overview of what is happening in Europe and elsewhere and examines the literature to find that latest recommendations in the Code for Lighting issued by the SLL （Society of Light and Lighting） in the UK change previous demands for equal illuminance across a working plane to more specific and demanding criteria. There are recommendations for qualitative metrics and better distribution of light so as to enhance the visual appearance of interiors. European standards are also examined and the LENI （lighting energy numerical indicator） has been found to be a better way of reducing energy than installed load. New LED （light-emitting diode） lamp technology is examined and daylight is discussed in the context of these changing demands. It is found that lighting standards and design are changing for the better but that standards will need to evolve further if they are to ensure good quality lighting.

Design Principles of External Lighting for Architectural Objects

Nowadays, lighting design is the modern attractive field of professional activity. Although its theoretical and methodological bases are in the initial stage of formulation. Though there are standards for regulating illumination quantitatively, the science has never created a bridge to transfer illumination quantity into illumination quality. How to keep a day image of architectural object without imitating natural lighting？ How unrecognizably to change the image, to make it extraordinary and catchy？ This paper offers a solution in the form of external illumination designing principles. This paper proposes two conceptual ways of creating artificial lighting of buildings and constructions that pursue different goals： the principle of ＂tectonic＂ illumination and the principle of ＂decorative＂ illumination. These principles were developed based on the analysis of the state of the art experience of lighting architectural objects and author＇s empirical study. The latter contained measuring luminosity with luminance meter, processing the data, statistical survey （180 respondents） and lighting modeling in the laboratory of Moscow Architectural Institute.

Current situation on the reporting quality of randomized controlled trials in 5 leading Chinese medical journals

Objective:The Consolidated Standards for Reporting of Trials(CONSORT) statement has already proved to be an efficient standard for reporting quality of randomized controlled trials(RCTs).However,most of the Chinese medical journals have not endorsed the CONSORT statement.The current situation about the reporting quality of RCTs in Chinese medical journals is still unclear.The purpose of the study was to evaluate the reporting quality of RCTs on papers published in 5 leading Chinese medical journals.Methods:We evaluated 232 original RCT papers using a reporting quality scale based on CONSORT statement from 2001 to 2006 in 5 Chinese medical journals(Journal type 1) without adoption of CONSORT and Chinese Journal of Evidence-based Medicine(Journal type 2) which adopted CONSORT in 2004.We measured the inclusion of 26 items for the reporting quality scale and 6 core items of each RCT report,gave score to each item and calculated the total score obtained in each report and the proportion of reports including individual items.The reporting quality of RCT trials from 2001 to 2003(pre-adoption period) was compared with that from 2004 to 2006(post-adoption period).Results:The average reporting quality of RCTs was moderate(mean score,15.18),and the mean score of the 6 core items was low(mean score,1.09) in 5 leading journals.The difference in the total score and the score of the 6 core items between pre-adoption period(2001-2003) and post-adoption period(2004-2006) was statistically significant(P=0.003;P=0.000).Interaction between journal type and period was not significant(F=0.76;P=0.383).We concluded that the change tendency of reporting quality between Journal type 1 and 2 was not different.But as to the core items of sequence concealment and intention-to-treat analysis,the increases were greater for Journal type 2 when evaluated against Journal type 1(P=0.038;P=0.016).Conclusion:The reporting quality of RCT trials in 5 leading Chinese medical journals is improving.However,the lack of important items in RCT trials remains a serious problem.We recommend the endorsement of the Consolidated Standards for Reporting of Trials statement in Chinese medical journals and the continuing education on evidence-based medicine in China.

Study on Biocompatibility of Cross-linked Hyaluronic Acid Derivatives

Objective:The cross-linked production,which was prepared by HA and cross-linking agent STMP,EDC,GP through cross-linking reaction,might be used in drug delivery system(DDS).To ensure the security of clinical application,the excellent properties such as none cell toxicity,nonirritant,none general toxicity,none immunological rejection are necessary.Methods:In accordance with the request of GB/T 16886.1 on security evaluation of medical biomaterials,cell toxicity test,hemolysis test,intracutaneous stimulation test,acute toxicity test,and hypersensitive test were required.Results:Cell toxicity of HA-STMP,HA-EDC,HA-GP were all less than 1.All hypersensitive tests were eligible.But HA-EDC,HA-GP produced different degrees of slight thrill,slight toxicity,hemolysis rate,which were larger than the standard value.Conclusion:HA-STMP possesses favourable biocompatibility,which is a kind of ideal biomaterials and drug carriers.