耦合视域下政府公共服务的评估体系与质素模型——香港、澳门、台湾多案例的扎根理论分析

政府公共服务评估是政府公共管理效能的题中之义,香港、澳门、台湾在公共服务提供与监管上的实践经验和特色做法对中国政府提升公共服务质素具有重要的现实意义。以耦合效应为切入点,发掘出香港、澳门、台湾各具特色的公共服务提供与提升系统,提炼出公共服务的评估体系与质素模型。具体而言,耦合视角下香港、澳门、台湾的公共服务依托于其评估体系和质素模型,前者关系到公共服务的质量提升,后者影响到公共服务的有效提供,而耦合效应有机整合了公共服务的提供与提升,带来公共服务的螺旋发展态势。港澳台三地的公共服务均呈现出三层结构和耦合效应,但在结构具体内容和耦合作用路径上存在各自的特点。

Probing Molecular Interactions in 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium Chloride-Water and 2,6-Dimethoxyphenol Mixtures Using Attenuated Total Reflection Infrared Spectroscopy

Molecular interactions of the ternary mixtures of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride （[C4C1im]Cl）-water-2,6-dimethoxyphenol （2,6-DMP, a phenolic monomer lignin model compound） were investigated in comparison with the [C4C1im]Cl-water binary systems through attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy. Results indicated that the microstructures of water and [C4C1im]Cl changed with varying mole fraction of [C4C1im]Cl （xIL） from 0.01 to 1.0. This change was mainly attributed to the interactions of [C4C1im]Cl-water and the self-aggregation of [C4C1im]Cl through hydrogen bonding. The band shifts of C-H on imidazolium ring and the functional groups in 2,6-DMP indicated that the occurrence of intermolecular interactions by different mechanisms （i.e., hydrogen bonding or π-π stacking） resulted in 2,6-DMP dissolution. In the case of xIL=0.12, the slightly hydrogen-bonded water was fully destroyed and [C4C1im]Cl existed in the form of hydrated ion pairs. Interestingly, the maximum 2,6-DMP solubility （238.5 g/100 g） was achieved in this case. The interactions and microstructures of [C4C1im]Cl-water mixtures influenced the dissolution behavior of 2,6-DMP.

Finite Element Analysis for Multi-pass Equal Channel Angular Pressing

Equal channel angular pressing （ECAP） is an attractive process method to produce bulk uhra-fine grained materials. There are many experiment evidences showing that the nature of the microstructural evolution in multi-pass ECAP depends on process routes. Isothermal three dimensional FEM simulations for muhi-pass ECAP were performed using DEFORM3D finite element code. The material model of 6061A1-T6 was employed. Flow nets, effective strain distribution in the workpiece and loads during multi-pass ECAP using different routes were analysed respectively, The simulations show process routes influence material flow and effective strain distri- bution in the workpiece obviously but have few influence on loads.

The formation of the Wulipo landslide and the resulting debris flow in Dujiangyan City, China

The Wulipo landslide, triggered by heavy rainfall on July 10, 2013, transformed into debris flow,resulted in the destruction of 12 houses, 44 deaths, and 117 missing. Our systematic investigation has led to the following results and to a new understanding about the formation and evolution process of this hazard. The fundamental factors of the formation of the landslide are a high-steep free surface at the front of the slide mass and the sandstone-mudstone mixed stratum structure of the slope. The inducing factor of the landslide is hydrostatic and hydrodynamic pressure change caused by heavy continuous rainfall. The geological mechanical model of the landslide can be summarized as "instability-translational slide-tension fracture-collapse" and the formation mechanism as "translational landslide induced by heavy rainfall". The total volume of the landslide is 124.6×104 m3, and 16.3% of the sliding mass was dropped down from the cliff and transformed into debris flow during the sliding process, which enlarged 46.7% of the original sliding deposit area. The final accumulation area is found to be 9.2×104 m2. The hazard is a typical example of a disaster chain involving landslide and its induced debris flow. The concealment and disaster chain effect is the main reason for the heavy damage. In future risk assessment, it is suggested to enhance the research onpotential landslide identification for weakly intercalated slopes. By considering the influence of the behaviors of landslide-induced debris flow, the disaster area could be determined more reasonably.

Effectiveness of quality physical education in improving students' manipulative skill competency

Purpose： This study aimed to examine the extent to which the quality physical education teaching （QPET） practices contributed to improving 4th- and 5th-grade students＇ manipulative skill competency. Methods： Participants were 9 elementary physical education （PE） teachers and their 4th- and 5th-grade students （n = 2709 3420）. The students＇ skill competency was assessed with 3 manipulative skills using PE metrics assessment rubrics. The PE teachers＇ levels of QPET were assessed by coding 63 videotaped lessons using the assessing quality teaching rubrics （AQTR）, which consisted of 4 essential dimensions including task design, task presentation, class management, and instructional guidance. Codes were confirmed through inter-rater reliability （82.4%, 84.5%, and 94%）. Data were analyzed through descriptive statistics, multiple R2 regression models, and independent sample t tests. Results： This study indicated that the 4 essential dimensions of QPET were all significant contributors to students＇ manipulative skill competency. These predictors were significantly higher for boys than for girls in soccer and striking skills, while they were significantly higher for girls than for boys in throwing skill competency. Of the 4 essential dimensions of QPET, task presentation played the most significant role in contributing to all 3 skill competencies for both boys and girls. Further, students who experienced high QPET were significantly more skillfully competent than those students who did not have this experience. Conclusion： It was concluded that the QPET practices played a significantly critical role in contributing to students＇ manipulative skill competency.

Local administration of liposomal adriamycin inhibited proliferation of metastatic cells in axillary lymph nodes in rabbit breast cancer model

Objective： To assess the inhibitory effects of liposomal adriamycin （LADR） locally injected into mammary glands of VX2 tumor-bearing rabbits on proliferation of lymph nodal metastatic cells. Methods： Twenty-one VX2 tumor-bearing rabbits were randomly and equally divided into 3 groups. Rabbits were randomized to receive sham treatment （Group I）, subcutaneous LADR around tumor （Group Ⅱ） and intravenous free adriamycin （Group Ⅲ）, respectively. Breast tumor and axillary lymph nodes were harvested after 3 repeated treatment. Nodal sizes of both pre-and post-treatment were measured. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen （PCNA） mRNA in both tumor and lymph nodes were determined by RT-PCR. Results： The mean size of axillary lymph nodes in Group I, Ⅱ and Ⅲ increased by 3.70%, 1.55% and 2.89%, respectively, with significant difference between Group Ⅲ and I （P=-0.004） and between Group Ⅱ and Ⅲ（P=-0.002）. Relative expression values of PCNA mRNA in breast tumors of Group I, Ⅱ and Ⅲ were 0.486, 0.513 and 0.396, respectively. For Group Ⅲ, PCNA mRNA was significantly less expressed than that in Group I （P=-0.023） and Ⅱ（P=0.005）. Relative expression values of PCNA mRNA in axillary lymph nodes of Group I, Ⅱ and Ⅲ were 0.541, 0.329 and 0.450, respectively. Compared with Group I, Group Ⅲ showed a markedly decreased expression of PCNA （P=-0.021）. The least level ofPCNA mRNA was found in Group Ⅱ, with a significant difference from that in Group Ⅲ（P=-0.004）. Conclusion： Local injection of LADR was an effective therapeutic regimen for lymphatic metastases from breast cancer, regardless of its little effect on primary tumor.

Evaluation of Fabric Hand with Grey Element Model

A premium composite grey element model is established and used for objective evaluation of fabric hand. Fabric hand is regarded as a grey system and the model is composed of fabric mechanical properties, which are primary hand attributes. Based on comparison with a standard model, fabric hand can be objectively evaluated.

Gas Absorption Enhancement of Carbon Dioxide into Ca(OH)_2 Slurries

Chemical absorption of CO2 into aqueous slurries of Ca(OH)2 was studied in a stirred thermostatic reactor. The influence of solid loading and stirring speed on absorption rate were investigated experimentally, and the results show that the enhancement factor increases with particle content due to the increase of reactive particles in the gas-liquid interfacial region. The absorption process was controlled by the diffusion of gas molecules in slurry. The influence of stirring intensity on enhancement factor is an integration of gas-liquid and liquid-solid mass transfer variation. A novel prediction model of enhancement factors was proposed with the partition of interface into two various zones, and the prediction values by the presented model are in agreement with the experimental data.

Analysis on Constructing College Students＇ Employment Ability Influence Factor Model

It makes an empirical study of college students＇ employment ability and influence factor situation. Based on the questionnaire of 388 graduates of different subjects, through the explorative Ihctors and confirmatory factor analysis, it finds that the college students＇ employment ability influence factor model includes employment quality and employment expectation of 13 factors, and the model fitting is better. The employment ability influence factor model of college students is good for university education, enterprise recruitment strategy adjustment and students＇ self development.

The Redesign of the Business Model Based on the Structural Perspective

At present, whether internally or abroad, whether in the theory or business, there is a lack of a unified understanding about the basic concepts of structural system and theoretical category of enterprise business model, and its theoretical analysis framework has not been built up, it is the exploratory phase of the model research in the mass. This study aims to analyze the formation mechanism, action mechanism, and evolution mechanism about the business model from the perspective of structure, and designs the enterprise business model architecture and forms a system, besides, explores approaches and strategies about enterprise carrying out business model innovation, and does beneficial bedding in order to use and improve the theoretical system in the process of the enterprise management practice. The significance of this study is to provide analytical methods and tools for the business model questions in the enterprise management practice. This paper firstly defined the connotation of enterprise business model and summarized the seven characteristics of the corporate business model. On the basis of outlining the enterprise business model design theory, the structural design of the corporate business model is mainly discussed. This paper designed the structure of the business model on modular perspective, proposed four constituent units and nine elements of enterprise business model structure system. Through the design of the enterprise business model structure and analysis of the elements that constitute structure, provide the basis for the transformation of innovative enterprise business model, or both enterprise business models, avoid the lack of elements of the enterprise business model structure and lead to business failure. Finally, the paper concludes with the five core strategies for the implementation of the enterprise business model design.

Developing an Assessment Model for Factors Affecting the Quality in the Construction Industry

Quality is considered as one of the most important elements in the construction industry. The factors affecting quality in the construction industry should be assessed. This paper aims to introduce a new model to assess these factors. The model is namely Fuzzy Assessment Model for Quality （FAMQ）. Fuzzy set theory provides a useful way to deal with ill-defined and complex problems in a decision-making environment that incorporates vagueness. The proposed model employs the combined effect of both; the factors probability of occurrence and their impacts on the quality of construction. Twenty five logical rules for each factor were implemented in the model. The model was evaluated using data that collected from the infrastructure projects in Egypt. It was applied to many factors that affect the quality of this kind of projects as a case study. The results of the study proved that the proposed model can be used successfully in the assessment of factors affecting quality in the construction industry. In addition, the results provided a platform of useful assessment reference to those infrastructure＇s finns, who plan to establish their businesses in Egypt.

Regulatory mechanism of hormones of the pituitary-target gland axes in kidney-Yang deficiency based on a support vector machine model

OBJECTIVE:To study the development mechanism of kidney-Yang deficiency through the establishment of support vector machine models of relevant hormones of the pituitary-target gland axes in rats with kidney-Yang deficiency syndrome.METHODS:The kidney-Yang deficiency rat model was created by intramuscular injection of hydrocortisone,and contents of the hormones of the pituita- ry-thyroid axis:thyroid stimulating hormone(TSH),3,3',5-triiodothyronine(T_3) and thyroxine(T_4);hormones of the pituitary-adrenal gland axis:adrenocorticotropic hormone(ACTH) and Cortisol(CORT);and hormones of the pituitary-gonadal axis:luteinizing hormone(LH),follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH),and testosterone(T),were determined in the early,middle,and advanced stages.Ten support vector regression(SVR) models of the hormones were established to analyze the mutual relationships among the hormones of the three axes.RESULTS:The feedback control action of the pituitary-adrenal axis began to lose efficacy from the middle stage of kidney-Kong deficiency.The contents all hormones of the three pituitary-target gland axes decreased in the advanced stage.Relative errors of the jackknife test of the SVR models all were less than 10%.CONCLUSION:Imbalances in mutual regulation among the hormones of the pituitary-target gland axes,especially loss of effectiveness of the pituitary-adrenal axis,is one pathogenesis of kidney-Yang deficiency.The SVR model can accurately reflect the complicated non-linear relationships among pituitary-target gland axes in rats with of kidney-Yang deficiency.

Structure of high spin state in proton-rich ^(74,76,78)Kr isotopes:A projected shell model description

The N≈Z nuclei in the mass A^80 region has been researched because of an abundance of nuclear structure phenomena.The projected shell model(PSM)was adopted to investigate the structure of high spin state in proton-rich 74,76,78Kr isotopes including yrast spectra,moment of inertia,electric quadrupole transitions and the behavior of single particle.The calculated results are in good agreement with available data and the shape coexistence in low-spin is also discussed.

Information Entropy Fuzzy Matter-element Model and Its Application to Regional Eco-Environmental Quality Assessment

Based on the fuzzy characters of eco-environmental quality conception and classification standards, the incompatibility of evaluation indexes, the statistical fluctuation of index values, an information entropy fuzzy matter-element model for evaluating regional eco-environmental quality is proposed by way of comprehensively utilizing such theories as information theory, fuzzy sets and matter-element theory, etc. As a case, the model established here is used to evaluate the eco-environmental quality of Lake Chaohu basin. In the case, the eco-environmental quality standards and the evaluated schemes are indicated as matter-elements, together. Through constructing compound fuzzy matter-element, probability compound fuzzy matter-element and self-information compound fuzzy matter- element, the information entropy of each matter-element （including evaluated schemes and classification standards） is calculated in the end. According to these obtained information entropy values, the evaluated schemes can be not only arranged in quality state order but also classified by classification standards .Study result shows that information entropy fuzzy matter-element model is suitable for regional eco-environmental quality assessment.

Rotational structure of the odd-proton nuclide ^(171)Tm:A projected shell model study

Deformed odd-mass nuclei are ideal examples where the interplay between single-particle and collective degrees of freedom can be studied. Inspired by the recent experimental high-spin data in the odd-proton nuclide 171 Tm, we perform projected shell model(PSM) calculations to investigate structure of the ground band and other bands based on isomeric states. In addi- tion to the usual quadrupole-quadrupole force in the Hamiltonian, we employ the hexadecapole-hexadecapole(HH) interac- tion, in a self-consistent way with the hexadecapole deformation of the deformed basis. It is found that the known experi- mental data can be well described by the PSM calculation. The effect of the HH force on the quasiparticle isomeric states is discussed.

Comparison of reduced point charge models of proteins: Molecular Dynamics simulations of Ubiquitin

Reduced point charge models of amino acids are used to model Ubiquitin （PDB： 1UBQ）. They are designed （i） from local ex- tremum positions in charge density （CD） distribution functions built from the Poisson equation applied to smoothed molecular electrostatic potential functions, or （ii） from local maximum positions in promolecular electron density distribution （ED） func- tions. Charge values are fitted versus all-atom Amber99 molecular electrostatic potentials. The program GROMACS is used to generate molecular dynamics trajectories of the protein, under various implementation schemes, solvation, and temperature conditions. Point charges that are not located on atoms are considered as virtual sites with a null mass and radius. The results illustrate that secondary structure is best preserved with the CD-based model at low temperatures and in vacuum. This indi- cates that local potential energy wells are consistent with the all-atom model. However, at room temperature, the structure is best conserved when point charges are forced to be located on atoms, due to a better description of the Coulomb l-4 energy terms. The ED-based model, generated at a lower resolution, led to the largest discrepancies versus the all-atom case. The CD-based model allows the formation of protein-water H-bonds with geometrical properties similar to the all-atom ones. Con- trarily, intra-molecular H-bonds are not well described. Structural, thermodynamical, and dynamical properties of proteins modelled with reduced point charge models are also significantly affected by the choice of the solvent force field.