By the theory of symmetries and conserved quantities, the exact invariants and adiabatic invariants of nonholonomic variable mass systems are studied. The perturbation problem of symmetries for the nonholonomic variab...By the theory of symmetries and conserved quantities, the exact invariants and adiabatic invariants of nonholonomic variable mass systems are studied. The perturbation problem of symmetries for the nonholonomic variable mass systems under small excitation is discussed. The concept of high order adiabatic invariant is presented, and the form of exact invariants and adiabatic invariants as well as the conditions for their existence are given. Then the corresponding inverse problem is studied.展开更多
The purpose of this study was to find out the spatial-temporal rules and driving force of cultivated land quality in Henan Province in the last ten years. Agricultural land grading factor evaluation was used to evalua...The purpose of this study was to find out the spatial-temporal rules and driving force of cultivated land quality in Henan Province in the last ten years. Agricultural land grading factor evaluation was used to evaluate the cultivated land quality of 2002 and 2012 in Henan Province, and to research the change laws. Method of correlation coefficient was employed to select the driving forces affecting cultivated land quality evolution. The results indicated that the cultivated land quality in Henan Province increased slightly in the last ten years in general, and in spatial there were unchanged regions, increased regions and decreased regions. The cultivated land quality in spatial presented the trend of good becoming better, bad becoming worse, which should be highly valued in cultivated land quality protection and management. Land development and consolidation projects had significant contributions to increasing the cultivated land quality. Driving forces between the sudden change regions and gradual change regions were significantly different. The paper concluded that the research on the spatial-temporal evolution and driving force of cultivated land quality based on cultivated land quality evolution had important academic significance and practical value.展开更多
The Mei symmetries and the Lie symmetries for nonholonomic controllable mechanical systems with relativistic rotational variable mass are studied. The differential equations of motion of the systems are established. ...The Mei symmetries and the Lie symmetries for nonholonomic controllable mechanical systems with relativistic rotational variable mass are studied. The differential equations of motion of the systems are established. The definition and criterion of the Mei symmetries and the Lie symmetries of the system are studied respectively. The necessary and sufficient condition under which the Mei symmetry is Lie symmetry is given. The condition under which the Mei symmetries can be led to a new kind of conserved quantity and the form of the conserved quantity are obtained. An example is given to illustrate the application of the results.展开更多
Recently more and more innovations enter the manufacture of food products and one of them is food hydrocolloids. Food colloids open a lot of different possibilities in dessert production, which are used to perform cer...Recently more and more innovations enter the manufacture of food products and one of them is food hydrocolloids. Food colloids open a lot of different possibilities in dessert production, which are used to perform certain functions. Pectin is a traditional agent for jams and jellies, but its application extends to fruit products for the food industry. In food product technology pectin is added as gelling agent and stabilizer. The three apple varieties ＂Antonovka＂, ＂Baltais Dzidrais＂ and ＂Zarja Alatau＂ harvested in Latvia State Institute of Fruit Growing were used for the experiment. Photometric measurement was used to determine the composition of pectin. Pectin was isolated from the apple mass by leaching with ethanol, and from the residues by extracting with diluted sodium hydroxide solution. By adding carbasol and sulphuric acid to the extract, through different intermediate stages carroty condensation product formed, which was photometrically measured at 525 nm. Pectin, pH and soluble dry matter were determined in fresh and frozen apple mass from apples of three ripeness stages. On the basis of worked out functional analysis of colloids, it is possible to optimize regulation of heat processes for different ripeness stages of apples. It is established that ripeness stage influences pectin quantity in fruits, but there are no data about pectin quantity changes in frozen fruits. By fruit ripening under the impact of enzyme protopectinase, protopectin hydrolyzes and transforms into pectin, which flows from the intercellular spaces into protoplasm of cells. Therefore ripe as well as heat treated fruits are soft and loose. It is important to measure pectin in frozen apple mass, in order to determine its potential jellying power. For each kind of product appropriate conditions have to be chosen for freezing, as well as the condition of products before freezing has to be taken into consideration in order to reduce the harmful influence on their quality to the minimum. The results of the research indicate that pectin quantity in frozen apple mass has decreased substantially. This susceptibility of sugar containing products to temperature fluctuations possibly is due to their high concentration of unfrozen water and lower melting temperature. It is possible to calculate the mass fraction of ice depending on temperature and moisture content in product which is very important for prognosticating the product quality. The aim of the research is to compare changes of pectin quantity in fresh and frozen apple products depending on storage time. The research is related to application possibilities of the current colloids, which are used in food industry at present.展开更多
With the development of radioactive-ion-beam facilities,many exotic phenomena have been discovered or predicted in the nuclei far from the stability line,including cluster structure,shell structure,deformed halo,and s...With the development of radioactive-ion-beam facilities,many exotic phenomena have been discovered or predicted in the nuclei far from the stability line,including cluster structure,shell structure,deformed halo,and shape decoupling effects.The study of exotic nuclear phenomena is at the frontier of nuclear physics nowadays.The covariant density functional theory(CDFT)is one of the most successful microscopic models in describing the structure of nuclei in almost the whole nuclear chart.Within the framework of CDFT,toward a proper treatment of deformation and weak binding,the deformed relativistic Hartree-Bogoliubov theory in continuum(DRHBc)has been developed.In this contribution,we review the applications and extensions of the DRHBc theory to the study of exotic nuclei.The DRHBc theory has been used to investigate the deformed halos in B,C,Ne,Na,and Mg isotopes and the theoretical descriptions are reasonably consistent with available data.A DRHBc Mass Table Collaboration has been founded,aiming at a high precision nuclear mass table with deformation and continuum effects included,which is underway.By implementing the angular momentum projection based on the DRHBc theory,the rotational excitations of deformed halos have been investigated and it is shown that the deformed halos and shape decoupling effects also exist in the low-lying rotational excitation states of deformed halo nuclei.展开更多
Protein folding is regarded as a quantum transition between the torsion states of a polypeptide chain.According to the quantum theory of conformational dynamics,we propose the dynamical contact order(DCO) defined as a...Protein folding is regarded as a quantum transition between the torsion states of a polypeptide chain.According to the quantum theory of conformational dynamics,we propose the dynamical contact order(DCO) defined as a characteristic of the contact described by the moment of inertia and the torsion potential energy of the polypeptide chain between contact residues.Conse-quently,the protein folding rate can be quantitatively studied from the point of view of dynamics.By comparing theoretical calculations and experimental data on the folding rate of 80 proteins,we successfully validate the view that protein folding is a quantum conformational transition.We conclude that(i) a correlation between the protein folding rate and the contact inertial moment exists;(ii) multi-state protein folding can be regarded as a quantum conformational transition similar to that of two-state proteins but with an intermediate delay.We have estimated the order of magnitude of the time delay;(iii) folding can be classified into two types,exergonic and endergonic.Most of the two-state proteins with higher folding rate are exergonic and most of the multi-state proteins with low folding rate are endergonic.The folding speed limit is determined by exergonic folding.展开更多
文摘By the theory of symmetries and conserved quantities, the exact invariants and adiabatic invariants of nonholonomic variable mass systems are studied. The perturbation problem of symmetries for the nonholonomic variable mass systems under small excitation is discussed. The concept of high order adiabatic invariant is presented, and the form of exact invariants and adiabatic invariants as well as the conditions for their existence are given. Then the corresponding inverse problem is studied.
文摘The purpose of this study was to find out the spatial-temporal rules and driving force of cultivated land quality in Henan Province in the last ten years. Agricultural land grading factor evaluation was used to evaluate the cultivated land quality of 2002 and 2012 in Henan Province, and to research the change laws. Method of correlation coefficient was employed to select the driving forces affecting cultivated land quality evolution. The results indicated that the cultivated land quality in Henan Province increased slightly in the last ten years in general, and in spatial there were unchanged regions, increased regions and decreased regions. The cultivated land quality in spatial presented the trend of good becoming better, bad becoming worse, which should be highly valued in cultivated land quality protection and management. Land development and consolidation projects had significant contributions to increasing the cultivated land quality. Driving forces between the sudden change regions and gradual change regions were significantly different. The paper concluded that the research on the spatial-temporal evolution and driving force of cultivated land quality based on cultivated land quality evolution had important academic significance and practical value.
基金Supported by the Key Disciplines' Building Foundation of Henan Institute of Educationthe Natural Science Foundation of Education Bureau of Henan Province of China under Grant No. 2009A14003
文摘The Mei symmetries and the Lie symmetries for nonholonomic controllable mechanical systems with relativistic rotational variable mass are studied. The differential equations of motion of the systems are established. The definition and criterion of the Mei symmetries and the Lie symmetries of the system are studied respectively. The necessary and sufficient condition under which the Mei symmetry is Lie symmetry is given. The condition under which the Mei symmetries can be led to a new kind of conserved quantity and the form of the conserved quantity are obtained. An example is given to illustrate the application of the results.
文摘Recently more and more innovations enter the manufacture of food products and one of them is food hydrocolloids. Food colloids open a lot of different possibilities in dessert production, which are used to perform certain functions. Pectin is a traditional agent for jams and jellies, but its application extends to fruit products for the food industry. In food product technology pectin is added as gelling agent and stabilizer. The three apple varieties ＂Antonovka＂, ＂Baltais Dzidrais＂ and ＂Zarja Alatau＂ harvested in Latvia State Institute of Fruit Growing were used for the experiment. Photometric measurement was used to determine the composition of pectin. Pectin was isolated from the apple mass by leaching with ethanol, and from the residues by extracting with diluted sodium hydroxide solution. By adding carbasol and sulphuric acid to the extract, through different intermediate stages carroty condensation product formed, which was photometrically measured at 525 nm. Pectin, pH and soluble dry matter were determined in fresh and frozen apple mass from apples of three ripeness stages. On the basis of worked out functional analysis of colloids, it is possible to optimize regulation of heat processes for different ripeness stages of apples. It is established that ripeness stage influences pectin quantity in fruits, but there are no data about pectin quantity changes in frozen fruits. By fruit ripening under the impact of enzyme protopectinase, protopectin hydrolyzes and transforms into pectin, which flows from the intercellular spaces into protoplasm of cells. Therefore ripe as well as heat treated fruits are soft and loose. It is important to measure pectin in frozen apple mass, in order to determine its potential jellying power. For each kind of product appropriate conditions have to be chosen for freezing, as well as the condition of products before freezing has to be taken into consideration in order to reduce the harmful influence on their quality to the minimum. The results of the research indicate that pectin quantity in frozen apple mass has decreased substantially. This susceptibility of sugar containing products to temperature fluctuations possibly is due to their high concentration of unfrozen water and lower melting temperature. It is possible to calculate the mass fraction of ice depending on temperature and moisture content in product which is very important for prognosticating the product quality. The aim of the research is to compare changes of pectin quantity in fresh and frozen apple products depending on storage time. The research is related to application possibilities of the current colloids, which are used in food industry at present.
文摘With the development of radioactive-ion-beam facilities,many exotic phenomena have been discovered or predicted in the nuclei far from the stability line,including cluster structure,shell structure,deformed halo,and shape decoupling effects.The study of exotic nuclear phenomena is at the frontier of nuclear physics nowadays.The covariant density functional theory(CDFT)is one of the most successful microscopic models in describing the structure of nuclei in almost the whole nuclear chart.Within the framework of CDFT,toward a proper treatment of deformation and weak binding,the deformed relativistic Hartree-Bogoliubov theory in continuum(DRHBc)has been developed.In this contribution,we review the applications and extensions of the DRHBc theory to the study of exotic nuclei.The DRHBc theory has been used to investigate the deformed halos in B,C,Ne,Na,and Mg isotopes and the theoretical descriptions are reasonably consistent with available data.A DRHBc Mass Table Collaboration has been founded,aiming at a high precision nuclear mass table with deformation and continuum effects included,which is underway.By implementing the angular momentum projection based on the DRHBc theory,the rotational excitations of deformed halos have been investigated and it is shown that the deformed halos and shape decoupling effects also exist in the low-lying rotational excitation states of deformed halo nuclei.
基金supported by the Distinguished Scientist Award of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(2008)a Major Project Fund of Inner Mongolia University of Technology(Grant No.ZD200917)a Project Fund of Inner Mongolia Natural Science(Grant No.2010BS0104)
文摘Protein folding is regarded as a quantum transition between the torsion states of a polypeptide chain.According to the quantum theory of conformational dynamics,we propose the dynamical contact order(DCO) defined as a characteristic of the contact described by the moment of inertia and the torsion potential energy of the polypeptide chain between contact residues.Conse-quently,the protein folding rate can be quantitatively studied from the point of view of dynamics.By comparing theoretical calculations and experimental data on the folding rate of 80 proteins,we successfully validate the view that protein folding is a quantum conformational transition.We conclude that(i) a correlation between the protein folding rate and the contact inertial moment exists;(ii) multi-state protein folding can be regarded as a quantum conformational transition similar to that of two-state proteins but with an intermediate delay.We have estimated the order of magnitude of the time delay;(iii) folding can be classified into two types,exergonic and endergonic.Most of the two-state proteins with higher folding rate are exergonic and most of the multi-state proteins with low folding rate are endergonic.The folding speed limit is determined by exergonic folding.
