Microalgae use photosynthesis to convert solar energy into chemical energy, such as lipid and they can be a replacement for oil-based fuels. They are among the fastest growing plants in the world, and about 50% of the...Microalgae use photosynthesis to convert solar energy into chemical energy, such as lipid and they can be a replacement for oil-based fuels. They are among the fastest growing plants in the world, and about 50% of their weight is oil. This lipid oil can be used to make biodiesel. Unfortunately, there are only some of potential strains isolated from Indonesia and most of the biodiesel productions are usually using a single strain. Then, although they are rich of oils, their biomass productivity is still low. Salinity treatment can be used to increase their biomass as well as their lipid content. Therefore, the research aim was to study the effect of salinity on the growth, dry weight and lipid content of mixed microalgae isolated from Glagah, Yogyakarta. The mixed microalgae were cultured in 3NBBM medium with different salinities or types of water （sea water, brackish water, and fresh water）. The cultures were incubated at light intensity 3,000 lux under dark：light exposure of 12：12 h for 7 days. The number of cells was counted every 24 h with a Haemocytometer, and the biomass was calculated based on the dry weight. The lipid content was measured on days 0, 3, and 7 using NR （Nile Red） staining, and then the amount of lipid was analyzed using a fluorescence microscope and measured with CellProfiler 2.0 software. The highest dry weight and lipid content were found in seawater medium, they accounted for 3.42 mg/mL and 13.58% at day 7, respectively. Whereas, the highest number of cells was found in freshwater medium, this was 9.8 × 10^6 cells/mL.展开更多
An experiment was conducted to evaluate the growth performance and cost per gain of indigenous and crossbred （local x Holstein Friesian （L x HF）） bulls under four different improved feed treatments to determine th...An experiment was conducted to evaluate the growth performance and cost per gain of indigenous and crossbred （local x Holstein Friesian （L x HF）） bulls under four different improved feed treatments to determine the appropriate ration for economic organic beef production in Bangladesh. Twenty indigenous bulls （average body weight 208.08 ± 13.98 kg） and 20 crossbred （L x l-IF） bulls （average body weight 256.26 ± 26.85 kg） of 24 months age were divided into four equal groups and fed on four diets （T0, T1, T2 and T3） up to 120 d, where To referred to the conventional diet, and T1, T2 and T3 referred as improved organic diets. Required dry matter for individual animal was supplied by roughage and concentrate sources of the ration in the ratio of 2：1. Local grass and paddy straw were supplied to group T0 and T1, Napier grass and straw to group T2, and Napier grass （Pennisetum purpureum）, straw and Ipil-ipil leaf （Leuceana leucucephala） to group Ts as roughage; whereas, the concentrate was supplied as 1.5% of live weight. The results revealed that total dry matter intake （DMI）, total DMI as percent live weight （%LW）, feed conversion ratio （FCR） and average daily gain （ADG） varied significantly （P 〈 0.01） among different treatment groups. Breed also had significant （P 〈 0.01） effect on total DMI, FCR and ADG, but total DMI （%LW） was not affected by breed type. Feed cost expressed as per kg live weight gain （LWG） （BDT/kg LWG; 1USD = 78.95 BDT）, were also affected （P 〈 0.01） by feed treatments and breed type. Indigenous and crossbred bulls fed diet T3 had higher ADG （0.49 kg and 1.17 kg, respectively） and comparatively lower feed costs （156 BDT/kg LWG and 96.78 BDT/kg LWG, respectively）. But crossbred （L × HF） bulls showed the highest ADG （1.17 kg） and the lowest feed cost （96.78 BDT/kg LWG）. Therefore, considering the growth performance and cost per kg gain of the experimental animals, it may be concluded that the crossbred （Lx HF） bulls treated with T3 diet may be used for economic organic beef production in Bangladesh.展开更多
To evaluate the effects of maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index （pre-BMI） and gestational weight gain （GWG） on neonatal birth weight （NBW） in the population of Chinese healthy pregnant women, attempting to gui...To evaluate the effects of maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index （pre-BMI） and gestational weight gain （GWG） on neonatal birth weight （NBW） in the population of Chinese healthy pregnant women, attempting to guide weight control in pregnancy. A retrospective cohort study of 3772 Chinese women was conducted. The population was stratified by maternal pre-BMI categories as underweight （〈18.5 kg/m2）, normal weight （18.5-23.9 kg/m2）, overweight （24.0-27.9 kg/m2）, and obesity （〉28.0 kg/m2）. The NBW differences were tested among the four groups, and then deeper associations among maternal pre-BMI, GWG, and NBW were investigated by multivariate analysis. NBW increased significantly with the increase of maternal pre-BMI level （P〈0.05）, except overweight to obesity （P〉0.05）. The multivariate analysis showed that both pre-BMI and GWG were positively correlated with NBW （P〈0.05）. Compared with normal pre-BMI, underweight predicted an increased odds ratio of small-for-gestational-age （SGA） and decreased odds ratio for macrosomia and large-for-gestational-age （LGA）, and the results were opposite for overweight. With the increase of GWG, the risk of SGA decreased and the risks of macrosomia and LGA increased. In addition, in different pre-BMI categories, the effects of weight gain in the first trimester on NBW were different （P〈0.05）. NBW is positively affected by both maternal pre-BMI and GWG, extreme pre-BMI and GWG are both associated with increased risks of abnormal birth weight, and maternal pre-BMI may modify the effect of weight gain in each trimester on NBW. A valid GWG guideline for Chinese women is an urgent requirement, whereas existing recommendations seem to be not very suitable for the Chinese.展开更多
文摘Microalgae use photosynthesis to convert solar energy into chemical energy, such as lipid and they can be a replacement for oil-based fuels. They are among the fastest growing plants in the world, and about 50% of their weight is oil. This lipid oil can be used to make biodiesel. Unfortunately, there are only some of potential strains isolated from Indonesia and most of the biodiesel productions are usually using a single strain. Then, although they are rich of oils, their biomass productivity is still low. Salinity treatment can be used to increase their biomass as well as their lipid content. Therefore, the research aim was to study the effect of salinity on the growth, dry weight and lipid content of mixed microalgae isolated from Glagah, Yogyakarta. The mixed microalgae were cultured in 3NBBM medium with different salinities or types of water （sea water, brackish water, and fresh water）. The cultures were incubated at light intensity 3,000 lux under dark：light exposure of 12：12 h for 7 days. The number of cells was counted every 24 h with a Haemocytometer, and the biomass was calculated based on the dry weight. The lipid content was measured on days 0, 3, and 7 using NR （Nile Red） staining, and then the amount of lipid was analyzed using a fluorescence microscope and measured with CellProfiler 2.0 software. The highest dry weight and lipid content were found in seawater medium, they accounted for 3.42 mg/mL and 13.58% at day 7, respectively. Whereas, the highest number of cells was found in freshwater medium, this was 9.8 × 10^6 cells/mL.
文摘An experiment was conducted to evaluate the growth performance and cost per gain of indigenous and crossbred （local x Holstein Friesian （L x HF）） bulls under four different improved feed treatments to determine the appropriate ration for economic organic beef production in Bangladesh. Twenty indigenous bulls （average body weight 208.08 ± 13.98 kg） and 20 crossbred （L x l-IF） bulls （average body weight 256.26 ± 26.85 kg） of 24 months age were divided into four equal groups and fed on four diets （T0, T1, T2 and T3） up to 120 d, where To referred to the conventional diet, and T1, T2 and T3 referred as improved organic diets. Required dry matter for individual animal was supplied by roughage and concentrate sources of the ration in the ratio of 2：1. Local grass and paddy straw were supplied to group T0 and T1, Napier grass and straw to group T2, and Napier grass （Pennisetum purpureum）, straw and Ipil-ipil leaf （Leuceana leucucephala） to group Ts as roughage; whereas, the concentrate was supplied as 1.5% of live weight. The results revealed that total dry matter intake （DMI）, total DMI as percent live weight （%LW）, feed conversion ratio （FCR） and average daily gain （ADG） varied significantly （P 〈 0.01） among different treatment groups. Breed also had significant （P 〈 0.01） effect on total DMI, FCR and ADG, but total DMI （%LW） was not affected by breed type. Feed cost expressed as per kg live weight gain （LWG） （BDT/kg LWG; 1USD = 78.95 BDT）, were also affected （P 〈 0.01） by feed treatments and breed type. Indigenous and crossbred bulls fed diet T3 had higher ADG （0.49 kg and 1.17 kg, respectively） and comparatively lower feed costs （156 BDT/kg LWG and 96.78 BDT/kg LWG, respectively）. But crossbred （L × HF） bulls showed the highest ADG （1.17 kg） and the lowest feed cost （96.78 BDT/kg LWG）. Therefore, considering the growth performance and cost per kg gain of the experimental animals, it may be concluded that the crossbred （Lx HF） bulls treated with T3 diet may be used for economic organic beef production in Bangladesh.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81370725 and 81370726)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(No.LQ14H040004)the Key Discipline of Obstetrics of Zhejiang Province,China
文摘To evaluate the effects of maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index （pre-BMI） and gestational weight gain （GWG） on neonatal birth weight （NBW） in the population of Chinese healthy pregnant women, attempting to guide weight control in pregnancy. A retrospective cohort study of 3772 Chinese women was conducted. The population was stratified by maternal pre-BMI categories as underweight （〈18.5 kg/m2）, normal weight （18.5-23.9 kg/m2）, overweight （24.0-27.9 kg/m2）, and obesity （〉28.0 kg/m2）. The NBW differences were tested among the four groups, and then deeper associations among maternal pre-BMI, GWG, and NBW were investigated by multivariate analysis. NBW increased significantly with the increase of maternal pre-BMI level （P〈0.05）, except overweight to obesity （P〉0.05）. The multivariate analysis showed that both pre-BMI and GWG were positively correlated with NBW （P〈0.05）. Compared with normal pre-BMI, underweight predicted an increased odds ratio of small-for-gestational-age （SGA） and decreased odds ratio for macrosomia and large-for-gestational-age （LGA）, and the results were opposite for overweight. With the increase of GWG, the risk of SGA decreased and the risks of macrosomia and LGA increased. In addition, in different pre-BMI categories, the effects of weight gain in the first trimester on NBW were different （P〈0.05）. NBW is positively affected by both maternal pre-BMI and GWG, extreme pre-BMI and GWG are both associated with increased risks of abnormal birth weight, and maternal pre-BMI may modify the effect of weight gain in each trimester on NBW. A valid GWG guideline for Chinese women is an urgent requirement, whereas existing recommendations seem to be not very suitable for the Chinese.
