结合微网光伏并网系统和电能质量调节器的特点,提出了一种既能够并网发电,又能实现无功补偿和滤除电网谐波电流的光伏并网及电能质量控制系统(micro photovoltaicgrid and power quality control system,MPG-PQC)结构。首先介绍了该系...结合微网光伏并网系统和电能质量调节器的特点,提出了一种既能够并网发电,又能实现无功补偿和滤除电网谐波电流的光伏并网及电能质量控制系统(micro photovoltaicgrid and power quality control system,MPG-PQC)结构。首先介绍了该系统的结构和原理,构建了该系统的数学模型;然后提出了适用于该系统的无差拍复合控制策略,重点分析了该控制策略下调制脉宽的理论计算,给出了复合指令的求取方法;最后,搭建了仿真模型和实验平台,给出了该系统的具体实现方案。运行数据表明了系统结构和控制策略的有效性和合理性。展开更多
The Management Discussion and Analysis (MD&A) is a mandatory document under the European Union's (EU) law. In 2003, the EU issued Directive 2003/51/EC, which broadened the information that firms have to provide ...The Management Discussion and Analysis (MD&A) is a mandatory document under the European Union's (EU) law. In 2003, the EU issued Directive 2003/51/EC, which broadened the information that firms have to provide in their MD&A, and in 2010 the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) issued the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) Practice Statement "Management Commentary", a non-binding guidance for the presentation of this document. The aim of this paper is to examine the relationship between MD&A disclosure quality and properties of analysts' forecasts. In fact, although most studies found that financial analysts mainly refer to financial statement data in forecasting earnings, there are few researches highlighting the importance of MD&A disclosures for financial analysts. On this basis, Ramnath, Rock, and Shane (2008) called for researches in order to better understand the relationship between the information really used by analysts and their forecasts. To assess the quality of MD&A disclosures, we developed a multidimensional measure on the basis of the EU requirements and the IFRS Practice Statement, and then we regressed this variable on both forecast accuracy and dispersion. The findings show that our measure of MD&A disclosure quality is significantly and positively related to forecast accuracy. We conducted other analyses in order to better understand the previous relationship and we found that, if we analyze the different information contained in the MD&A statement, financial analysts consider useful accounting and financial data in forecasting earnings. These results enhance our understanding of the role of MD&A disclosures in the wide set of information that firms provide to financial statement users.展开更多
文摘结合微网光伏并网系统和电能质量调节器的特点,提出了一种既能够并网发电,又能实现无功补偿和滤除电网谐波电流的光伏并网及电能质量控制系统(micro photovoltaicgrid and power quality control system,MPG-PQC)结构。首先介绍了该系统的结构和原理,构建了该系统的数学模型;然后提出了适用于该系统的无差拍复合控制策略,重点分析了该控制策略下调制脉宽的理论计算,给出了复合指令的求取方法;最后,搭建了仿真模型和实验平台,给出了该系统的具体实现方案。运行数据表明了系统结构和控制策略的有效性和合理性。
文摘The Management Discussion and Analysis (MD&A) is a mandatory document under the European Union's (EU) law. In 2003, the EU issued Directive 2003/51/EC, which broadened the information that firms have to provide in their MD&A, and in 2010 the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) issued the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) Practice Statement "Management Commentary", a non-binding guidance for the presentation of this document. The aim of this paper is to examine the relationship between MD&A disclosure quality and properties of analysts' forecasts. In fact, although most studies found that financial analysts mainly refer to financial statement data in forecasting earnings, there are few researches highlighting the importance of MD&A disclosures for financial analysts. On this basis, Ramnath, Rock, and Shane (2008) called for researches in order to better understand the relationship between the information really used by analysts and their forecasts. To assess the quality of MD&A disclosures, we developed a multidimensional measure on the basis of the EU requirements and the IFRS Practice Statement, and then we regressed this variable on both forecast accuracy and dispersion. The findings show that our measure of MD&A disclosure quality is significantly and positively related to forecast accuracy. We conducted other analyses in order to better understand the previous relationship and we found that, if we analyze the different information contained in the MD&A statement, financial analysts consider useful accounting and financial data in forecasting earnings. These results enhance our understanding of the role of MD&A disclosures in the wide set of information that firms provide to financial statement users.