可控震源新控制系统VE416培训教材(一)

近来有些读者反映可控震源新的控制系统VE416在使用中常遇到一些困难,希望我们载文能对此作较详细的介绍。为此,我们邀请有关专家编写了这一教材,供使用者参考。 这一教材参考了法国SERCEL公司近期陆续出版的一些新技术资料和用户手册,并结合VE416系统在我国应用中的一部分成功经验编写而成。从本期起,本刊增加版面在学苑与信箱栏目中连载这一教材。本刊欢迎广大读者来信来稿反映技术培训工作中遇到的问题或介绍典型实用的培训教材。本刊将竭尽全力满足广大读者的要求,使本杂志更好地为物探装备技术的发展与应用水平的提高作出更大的贡献。

PROGRESS OF MARINE METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATION EXPERIMENT AT MAOMING OF SOUTH CHINA

The coastal area of southern China is frequently affected by marine meteorological disasters,and is also one of the key areas that influence the short-term climate change of China.Due to a lack of observational facilities and techniques,little has been done in this area in terms of operational weather monitoring and scientific research on atmospheric and marine environment.With the support of China Meteorological Administration (CMA) and Guangdong Meteorological Bureau (GMB),the Marine Meteorological Science Experiment Base (MMSEB) at Bohe,Maoming has been jointly established by Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology (GITMM) and Maoming Meteorological Bureau (MMB) of Guangdong Province after three years of hard work.It has become an integrated coastal observation base that is equipped with a complete set of sophisticated instruments.Equipment maintenance and data quality control procedures have been implemented to ensure the long-term,steady operation of the instruments and the availability of high quality data.Preliminary observations show that the data obtained by the MMSEB reveal many interesting features in the boundary layer structure and air-sea interaction in such disastrous weather as typhoons and sea fog.The MMSEB is expected to play an important role in the scientific research of disastrous weather related to marine meteorology.

TECHNIQUES OF 3D COMPONENT DATABASE ESTABLISHING AND QUALITY CONTROL FOR WOODEN BUILDING

Based on the architectural survey project of "the Chi Lin Nunnery Redevelopment "in Hong Kong,this paper attempts to investigate the techniques of building 3D digital document of large_scale timber structure and quality control during construction by computer_based 3D simulation for the whole project.There were several key issues including primary data acquisition,3D modeling and display,pre_assembling the total building and quality examination,etc.In this paper,some useful experiments,such as the new applications of CCD digital cameras,image and graph processing software packages (CAD,Photoshop,Photomodeler,Vexcel,etc.) to the architectures are also presented.These methods introduced in this paper are suitable for image and graph integrated database building of complicated architectures,and useful for conveniently maintaining and reconstructing the ancient architectures.

Quality Control and Analysis of Global Gauge-Based Daily Precipitation Dataset from 1980 to 2009

A series of quality control(QC) procedures were performed on a gauge-based global daily precipitation dataset from the Global Telecommunication System(GTS) for the period 1980-2009.A new global daily precipitation(NGDP) dataset was constructed by applying those QC procedures to eliminate erroneous records.The NGDP dataset was evaluated using the NOAA Climate Prediction Center Merged Analysis of Precipitation(CMAP) and the Global Precipitation Climatology Project(GPCP) precipitation datasets.The results showed that the frequency distribution and spatial distribution pattern of NGDP had a nice match with those from the CMAP and GPCP datasets.The global mean correlation coefficients with the CMAP and GPCP data increased from 0.24 for original GTS precipitation data to about 0.70 for NGDP data.Correspondingly,the root mean square errors(RMSE) decreased from 12 mm per day to 1 mm per day.The interannual variabilities of NGDP monthly precipitation are consistent with the CMAP and GPCP datasets in Asia.Meanwhile,the seasonal variabilities for most land areas on the Earth of NGDP dataset are also consistent with the CMAP and GPCP precipitation products.

Review of pre-processing technologies for ice cores

High-resolution ice core records covering long time spans enable reconstruction of the past climatic and environmental conditions allowing the investigation of the earth system's evolution. Preprocessing of ice cores has direct impacts on the data quality control for further analysis since the conventional ice core processing is time-consuming, produces qualitative data, leads to ice mass loss, and leads to risks of potential secondary pollution. However, over the past several decades, preprocessing of ice cores has received less attention than the improvement of ice drilling, the analytical methodology of various indices, and the researches on the climatic and environmental significance of ice core records. Therefore, this papers reviews the development of the processing for ice cores including framework, design as well as materials, analyzes the technical advantages and disadvantages of the different systems. In the past, continuous flowanalysis(CFA) has been successfully applied to process the polar ice cores. However, it is not suitable for ice cores outside polar region because of high level of particles, the memory effect between samples, and the filtration before injection. Ice core processing is a subtle and professional operation due to the fragility of the nonmetallic materials and the random distribution of particles and air bubbles in ice cores, which aggravates uncertainty in the measurements. The future developments of CFA are discussed in preprocessing, memory effect, challenge for brittle ice, coupling with real-time analysis and optimization of CFA in the field. Furthermore, non-polluting cutters with many different configurations could be designed to cut and scrape in multiple directions and to separate inner and outer portions of the core. This system also needs to be coupled with streamlined operation of packaging, coding, and stacking that can be implemented at high resolution and rate, avoiding manual intervention. At the same time, information of the longitudinal sections could be scanned andidentified, and then classified to obtain quantitative data. In addition, irregular ice volume and weight can also be obtained accurately. These improvements are recorded automatically via user-friendly interfaces. These innovations may be applied to other paleomedias with similar features and needs.

Data organization and management of mine typical object spectral libraries

With the development of mining industry,people have obtained profits from it,but they are facing environmental damages.In order to monitor these environmental changes,a spectral library is set up for the spectrum data organization and management of mine typical objects.Most of the spectrum data come from the long-term field measuring in mining area and other spectral libraries.For the data quality control and error detection in the measuring data,an inner precision calculation method is presented and a series of interactive graphical controls are developed for the spectrum visualization and analysis.Through extracting and saving spectrum characters for the mine typical objects,realizs spectrum matching and classification for new measured spectrum samples are realized by using Euclidean distance,Aitchison distance,Pearson correlation coefficient and vector angular cosine methods.Based on the matching result,this work is able to gather dynamically physicochemical environment parameters from the library and gives an early warning for the mine environmental changes.

On the atmospheric movement and the imbalance of observed and calculated energy in the surface layer

Based on existing researches,here we theoretically summarized the characteristics of the atmospheric movement and turbulent transport of energy and substance in the surface layer as well as the ideal and the actual models for the turbulent transport.Then,using the data observed with eddy covariance at the semiarid climate and environment monitoring station(SACOL) in Lanzhou University from May to October during four consecutive years(September 2006-August 2010),we conducted a detailed analysis of the turbulent transport in the surface layer,through introducing the relative vertical turbulence intensity to characterize the turbulence strength,RIw=wn(wn+U),and also by adopting the method for controlling data quality at different levels.Our conclusions are:(1) The turbulent transport of energy and substance in the surface layer must obey the law of conservation of energy and the law of conservation of matter,the observed and calculated energy in the surface layer must be balanced,or closed in theory,but the actual observed and calculated energy just approximates the ideal in some degree and is difficult to achieve the energy balance.(2) The energy closure rate depends much on the atmospheric state in the surface layer,and the energy closure rate increases generally with the relative vertical turbulence intensity.(3) By the way of controlling data quality at different levels,it is found that the degree of data quality control can affect the closure rate,but it does not change the fact that the energy closure rate depends on the atmospheric state.(4) The calculation method of surface soil heat flux can affect energy closure rate,but does not change its dependence on the atmospheric state.

Significant downward trend of SO_2 observed from 2005 to 2010 at a background station in the Yangtze Delta region,China

SO2 is an important gas in atmosphere with great environmental and climate implications.SO2 emission in China has been receiving great attention as the economy grows and the amount of coal consumption has increased in the past few decades.SO2 has been observed from July 2005 to June 2010 at Linan WMO GAW regional station(30.3 °N,119.73 °E,138 m a.s.l.) located in the Yangtze Delta region in eastern China.These observation data are analyzed to understand the trend of regional SO2 background concentration.Strict quality controls are conducted to ensure the temporal comparability of the data.Significant downward trend with ?2.4 ppb/yr(P < 0.0001) of surface SO2 is observed from 2005 to 2010,especially after 2008.The average concentration of SO2 from July 2005 to June 2008 is 14.2±3.1 ppb,which is slightly higher than the mean values of 13.5±5.1 ppb during 1999?2000 and is two folds of the average value(7.1±3.1 ppb) from July 2008 to June 2010.More than 50% of the SO2 has been cut down after 2008 in the Yangtze Delta region due to the implementation of stricter emission control measures.The peak SO2 concentration appears around 10 o'clock in the morning after 2009 while appears at night before 2009.These diurnal variations of SO2 might indicate that after 2009,more SO2 is from the vertical exchange process than from the local accumulation.

Dynamic data packing towards the optimization of QoC and QoS in networked control systems

A class of networked control systems is investigated whose communication network is shared with other applications. The design objective for such a system setting is not only the optimization of the control performance but also the efficient utilization of the communication resources. We observe that at a large time scale the data packet delay in the communication network is roughly varying piecewise constant, which is typically true for data networks like the Internet. Based on this observation, a dynamic data packing scheme is proposed within the recently developed packet-based control framework for networked control systems. As expected this proposed approach achieves a fine balance between the control performance and the communication utilization: the similar control performance can be obtained at dramatically reduced cost of the communication resources. Simulations illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

Spatial distribution of 10m firn temperature in the Antarctic Ice Sheet

A database of Antarctic 10 m firn temperature was constructed using available borehole temperature measurements with data quality control to extend knowledge of Antarctic climate. Slopes from a high-resolution digital elevation model and the main ice divide were used to delineate main drainage sectors across Antarctica. In each drainage sector, a quantitative relationship between temperature and latitude, longitude and altitude was established using available tim temperature data. Quantitative relationships incorporating other factors affecting Antarctic air temperature such as atmospheric circulation and small-scale to- pography were used to derive a 10-km resolution grid map of surface temperature. The resulting temperature patterns presented a reasonable depiction of both large and small-scale variations in Antarctic 10 m firn temperature. This map is useful for many spatial variation studies, Antarctic ice sheet models, and comparison with satellite-derived temperature data and outputs of atmospheric general circulation models.

A new method of rapid quality detection of vacuum insulation panels

A new method of measuring gas pressure in vacuum insulation panels(VIPs)is reported in this study,which provides a fast and efficient quality control option of production.Although there are different methods of measuring gas pressure for VIPs,connecting an internal measurement gauge to external data acquisition units is problematic.The thin high barrier film covering the panel’s core usually prevents external electrical wires or mechanical devices being connected to the inside of the VIPs.To solve this problem,a micro capacitive pressure sensor with 0 to 250 Pa detection range is developed to detect the vacuum pressure.The sensor has high linearity and a sensitivity of 10 mV/Pa.Moreover,through the communication mode study,an ultrasound communications system for VIPs is designed.It shows from operation that this system is stable and reliable,and quick for communication speed.This new method enables the quality detection of VIPs to be completed within 1 second.The minimum detectable pressure of VIPs is below 1 Pa,and the measurement error can be controlled around 5%.