城市更新视角下的微小性干预策略营造——以上海市贵州西社区为例

为有效推进社区发展,文章以城市更新为视角,对老旧社区的微小性干预策略进行探究。首先,以巴塞罗那Raval社区为反面案例,探究陈旧式、单一化的城市更新痛点,强调“少拆多用”的微小性、多向化干预策略的重要性;其次,以上海市贵州西社区为案例进行探究,分析该社区随着制度变迁的演变状态;最后,对梓耘斋建筑工作室在贵州西社区的新型城市微更新干预策略进行详细解读。

社会关系与空间要素的互动演化研究——以上海市贵州西社区为例

在近百年的城市发展演变中,上海传统里弄空间与内部社群之间的关系逐渐变得错综复杂,其更新改造也常常因此陷入困境。为有效推进里弄社区的精细化更新,挖掘社区空间更新的症结所在,本文以微观城市形态学为研究方法,以上海市贵州西社区为研究对象,通过对其历史形态的研究,阐释里弄空间结构演变及其内部社区变化的互动演化过程,辨析里弄空间物质性要素与社区社会关系的互动演化特征,并基于此进一步探讨以空间公私领域再结构化为路径指引的里弄更新策略,以及微观城市形态学研究于中国社区精细化治理的适用性与局限性。

歌仙刘三姐出贵县西山

关于刘三姐的籍贯问题,过去多根据传说,故说法不一。梅竹公同志此文,搜集诸多历史资料写成,很有价值,令人可信。我国著名史学家罗尔纲先生认为“竹公同志此文考证精确”。

生活在今日贵州的“朱元璋军队”

他们建筑可居住、可防守的石头城堡,几百年来恪守古风古俗,妇女至今身着明朝服饰,在田间地头演出粗犷的傩戏,祭天祭神,自娱自乐。这是如今居住在贵州安顺地区深山里的一群明朝朱元璋两淮军队的后代。 由河北教育出版社出版的《大山深处的屯堡》像一尊活化石,如实记述了著名的黄果树瀑布群中自先秦以来多民族在这里的繁衍栖息。在这块高原无尽的沧桑里,他们传承和创造了自己的历史文化。

黔北高原的璀璨明珠——黔北发电总厂

黔北发电总厂位于金沙县城东北3公里处白云山下,偏岩河畔。 黔北发电总厂作为贵州西电电力股份有限公司的骨干电厂,下辖金沙电厂、黔北电厂、鸭溪电厂,设计总装机为290万千瓦(金沙电厂50万干瓦,黔北电厂120万千瓦,鸭溪电厂120万千瓦),现有职工1313人,是一个厂新、人员新、设备新、体制新的国家特大型火力发电厂。

寻找成功之道

在通向成功的征途中上下求索,是贵州西众塑胶有限公司几年来发展壮大的真实写照。贵州西众塑胶有限公司始建于1989年,是国家大型二档中外合资企业,由中国包装进出口总公司、中国包装进出口贵州公司和香港合众股份有限公司三方共同出资900万美元建成,占地面积35637平方米。公司引进日本三菱重工两条双向拉伸聚丙烯薄膜生产线,辅以先进配套生产设备,整个生产过程由中央计算机程序控制系统自动管理,生产产品为印刷膜和香烟包装膜,年生产能力6000吨。

Geochemical characteristics of Guizhou Permian coal measure strata and analysis of the control factors

Based on element geochemical studies of the main Permian exploitable coal measure strata in Western Guizhou, the element geochemical distribution characteristics of the main exploitable coal measures were revealed in the regions of Dafang, Qianxi, Weining, Hezhang, Zhijin, etc., of Guizhou Province, and the results show that their element contents are mainly affected by terrestrial material supply. Coal measures formed in the delta plain environment where sufficient terrestrial materials are supplied contain relatively abundant trace elements and rare-earth elements, whereas those formed in the tidal-fiat environment influenced greatly by seawater have relatively low contents of trace elements and rare-earth elements, mainly con- trolled by the geological fact that basalts the parent rocks from source regions contain high trace elements and rare-earth elements. In addition, coal measures affected by later hydrothermal activities and fault tectonics contain a large amount of harmful elements. According to the rules of distribution of elements in coal measures, a new idea was put forward to classify coal-forming environments by using the geochemical composition characteristics, which is of great significance in dissolving the problem of whether coal measures were fbrmed either in delta environments or in tidal-flat environments in Western Gui- zhou. At the same time, the rules of distribution of elements in the main exploitable coal measures in Western Guizhou were fully understood, which is of direct significance in utilizing coal resources on the basis of classification of coals, as well as in developing the coal chemical industry.

Mode of occurrence of arsenic in high-As coals from endemic arsenosis areas in southwestern Guizhou Province, China

The use of high As-bearing coals has caused more than 3,000 cases of arsenosis patients in southwest Guizhou Province, China. The mode of occurrence of arsenic in coal is an important key role in understanding its behavior during usage and damage pathway to human health. Coal samples from endemic arsenosis areas were analyzed with INAA, EMPA, SEM-EDX, LTA, XRD, XAFS, and sequential leaching experiment. Arsenic in pyrite is from under the limit of EMPA to 1.75%, and in most cases, the content of arsenic is lower than 0.5%. Besides pyrite and arsenopyrite, SEM-EDX combined with LTA and XRD find that sulfates, clay and phosphates also contain arsenic. XAFS shows that arsenic mainly exists in the form of As^5＋. More than 50% of arsenic stayes in residual solid and combined with organic matrix in two samples, but most arsenic is leached out in other samples. The occurrence of such exceptionally high As contents in coal and the fact that the arsenic is dominantly organically associated are unique observations.

Tectonically deformed coal types and pore structures in Puhe and Shanchahe coal mines in western Guizhou

To evaluate the effect of tectonic deformation on coal reservoir properties, we provide an analysis of the types of tectonically deformed coal, macroand microscopic deformation and discuss pore structural characteristics and connectivity based on samples from the Puhe and Shanchahe coal mines. Our research shows that the tectonically deformed coal mostly includes cataclastic structural coal, mortar structural coal and schistose structural coal of a brittle deformation series. The major pore structures of different types of tectonically deformed coal are transitional pores and micropores. The pore volumes of macropores and visible fracture pores produced by structural deformations vary over a large range and increase with the intensity of tectonic deformation. Mesopores as connecting passages develop well in schistose structural coal. According to the shapes of intrusive mercury curves, tectonically deformed coal can be divided into parallel, open and occluded types. The parallel type has poor connectivity and is relatively closed; the open type reflects uniformly developed open pores with good connectivity while the occluded type is good for coalbed methane enrichment, but has poor connectivity between pores.

Rocky Desertification Risk Zone Delineation in Karst Plateau Area:A Case Study in Puding County,Guizhou Province

Karst rocky desertification is a geo-ecological problem in Southwest China. The rocky desertification risk zone delineation could be used as a guide for the regional and hierarchical rocky desertification management and prevention. We chose the middle and lower reaches of the Houzhai underground basin on the karst plateau in Puding County, Guizhou Province, China as the study area and selected land use type, elevation, slope, aspect, lithology and settlement buffer as the main driving factors of the rocky desertification. The potential risk of rocky desertification was quantifed with the factor-weights union method and statistical analysis method. Five grades of rocky desertification risk were delineated based on Geographic Information System. The extremely low, low, moderate, high and extremely high rocky desertification risk zones accounted for 5.01%, 44.17%, 33.92%, 15.59% and 1.30%, respectively. As a whole, the rocky desertification risk level was moderate because the area of low and moderate rocky desertification risk zones occupied 78.09% of the study area. However, more than half of the area （about 50.81%） was predicted to have moderate rocky desertification risk and above, indicating that the study area was subject to rocky desertification. Rocky desertification risk was higher in the southeast and lower in the northwest of the study area. Distinct differences in the distribution of rocky desertification risk zones corresponding to different factors have been found.

Land cover change in different altitudes of Guizhou-Guangxi karst mountain area, China： patterns and drivers

Topography, especially altitude, will influence the way, process and characteristics of land cover changes in mountainous area, simultaneously, the vertical difference of land cover changes will affect soil quality and regional ecological environment. Therefore, the gradient relationship analysis between land cover changes and altitude is very important for regional sustainability. This study investigated land cover dynamics based on land cover data from a typical mountainous area in the Guizhou-Guangxi karst mountain area, China, in 2000 and 2010, then explored the relationship between altitude and land cover change and analyzed different drivers of land cover change at different altitudes. Our findings are as follows. 1) From 2000 to 2010, the total area of land cover transition was 7167.04 km^2 or 2.8% of the region. The increasing area of build-up land(926.23 km^2) was larger than that of forest(859.38 km^2), suggesting that the urban construction speed was higher than that of reforestation. 2) Intensity of land cover transition in northwestern Guizhou-Guangxi karst mountain area was much larger than that of southeast part and their transition trend was also significantly different, which was consistent with regional population and economy. 3) Human activity was the most dramatic at altitudes between 0–500 m. For 500–1000 m, grassland mainly converted to forest and build-up land. Area of land cover transition was the greatest between 1000–1500 m, while above 1500 m, the transition of grassland was the most obvious. 4) The drivers of land cover change varied. Land cover change was positively correlated with gross domestic product and population density but was inversely related to relief amplitude. There were correlations between land cover change and distance to roads and rivers, and their correlations varied with altitude. By revealing patterns and causes of land cover changes in different altitudes, we hope to understand the vertical dependence of land cover changes, so as to improve land productivity and protect land ecological environment scientifically.

CBM geology conditions study of Gemudi syncline,Western Guizhou Province

Through the analysis of the surrounding rock, coal seam burial depth, coal quality and hydrologic geological condition, the methane-bearing property characteristics of the coal reservoir in the Gemudi syncline were elucidated. Most of the wall rock of the coal reservoir is mudstone and silt, which is a favourable enclosing terrane. Burial depth of the main excavating coat seam is moderate. The groundwater activity is thin, and there are absolute groundwater systems between each coal seam, which make poor intercon- nections to accelerate CBM enrichment. In our research, the area coal reservoir meta- morphosis is high, CBM content is high, hole-cranny system development degree is high, and permeability of the great mass of the main coal seam exceeds 0.1×10^-3 μm2, The result demonstrates that the southeast of the Gemudi syncline has the best conditions for prospecting and exploiting CBM.

Zircon U–Pb dating and whole-rock elemental geochemistry of the Shazi anatase deposit in Qinglong,Western Guizhou,SW China

The Shazi deposit is a large-scale anatase deposit in Qinglong, Guizhou Province. Zircon grains from this deposit yielded a zircon U–Pb age of *259 Ma, representing the formation age of the deposit's parent rocks.This age is identical to the eruption age of the Emeishan large igneous province, indicating a synchronous magmatic event. The rare-earth-element patterns of laterite samples were similar to those of the weathered basalt sample, and sub-parallel to those of the Emeishan high-Ti basalts,implying a genetic relationship between the laterite and the basalt. The Chemical Index of Alteration values of laterite ranged from 96 to 98, suggesting a high degree of weathering. SiO_2, MgO, and alkaline metal elements decreased with increasing degree of weathering, while Al_2O_3, Fe_2O_3,and TiO_2 increased. We found the highest TiO_2 in laterite and the lowest in pillow basalts, indicating that Ti migrated from basalt to laterite.Our U–Pb dating and whole-rock elemental geochemistry analyses suggest that the Emeishan basalt is the parent rock of the Shazi anatase ore deposit.Based on our analysis, we propose a metallogenic model to explain the ore-forming process, in which the karst terrain formed by the Emeishan mantle plume and the subsequent basaltic magma eruption were the key factors in the formation the Shazi anatase ore deposit.

Soil heavy metal(loid)s and risk assessment in vicinity of a coal mining area from southwest Guizhou, China

Total concentrations of arsenic, lead, cadmium, mercury, nickel, chromium, and copper in the soils from near a coal mine area in southwest Guizhou, China, were measured to evaluate the level of contamination, and the potential ecological risks posed by the heavy metals were quantitatively estimated. Results reveal that all heavy metals/metalloid exceeded the background values for soil environmental quality of heavy metals in Guizhou area. Geo-accumulation index(I_(geo)) showed that arsenic had the highest contamination level(I_(geo)=4) among the seven heavy metals/metalloid, and the contamination levels of mercury and lead were also relatively high(I_(geo)=3). Pearson correlation and cluster analysis identified that mercury, copper and arsenic had a relationship, and their presence might be mainly related to mining activity, coal and oil combustion, and vehicle emissions. Improved Nemerow index indicated that the overall level of heavy metal contamination in the studied area ranged from moderately–heavily contaminated to heavily contaminated level. Potential ecological risk index(R_I) analysis manifested that the whole ecological risk level ranged from high degree to very high degree(325.30≤R_I≤801.02) in the studied soil samples, and the potential ecological risk factors (E_r^i) of heavy metals/metalloid were as follows: Hg > As > Cd > Pb > Cu > Ni > Cr, and the E_r^i of Hg and As reached very high risk grade.

Human Driving Forces:Analysis of Rocky Desertification in Karst Region in Guanling County,Guizhou Province

Karst rocky desertification is one of the major ecological and environmental problems that threaten the sustainable development of southwestern China. It is caused by irrational and intensive land-use patterns in karst geo-ecological environment. Therefore, it is vital to identify how human forces work on this degraded environment. Based on the soil erosion information in 2000 and remote sensing images of Guanling County collected in 2000 and 2007, four grades of karst rocky desertification data in 14 villages of Guanling County were extracted. Impacts of population, affluence, and other human forces on karst rocky desertification were analyzed using STIRPAT model. The results show that:1) Factors of population and affluence had strong influence on karst rocky desertification. In the STIRPAT model analysis, the population and affluence coefficients were positive, indicating that the increase in population and affluence would lead to more serious desertification. 2) Factors of farmer correlated with karst rocky desertification negatively, especially the way of viewing the relationship between people and nature, and the level of knowledge about rocky desertification. Government behavior was not a significant factor in this analysis. 3) The findings provide evidence that STIRPAT model can be used to analyze the relationship between human driving forces and rocky desertification.

On Adaptability of Guiyan 2 in Southwestern Guizhou Tobacco-growing Areas

In order to identify and check the adaptability of new flue-cured tobacco variety of Guiyan 2 to soil, cultivation and curing conditions and its utility value in production in Qianxinan Prefecture ecological areas, a comparative trail with the leading cultivar Yunyan 97 as the control（CK） was made according to the regulations of local characteristic and high-quality tobacco production. The experimental results showed that Guiyan 2 had moderate growth duration after transplant, strong field growing power, good uniformity and good agronomic traits; moreover, its yield,production value and rate of first-class tobacco were respectively higher than these of CK by 349.2 kg/hm^2, 4746.3 yuan/hm^2 and 6%, while its average price and grade index were respectively lower than these of CK by 1.13 yuan/kg and 0.06;Guiyan 2 also had the advantages of appropriate intrinsic chemical component content and proportion, as well as better curing characteristics, and it got generally better evaluation from tobacco growers, indicating that Guiyan 2 had a better potential to generalize.

Effects of Aluminum Toxicity Induced by Acid Deposition on Pine Forest Ecosystem in Longli of Guizhou Province, Southwestern China

The effects of acid deposition on pine forest ecosystems in Longli of Guizhou Province, southwestern China are studied using indoor experiments and model simulations. Indoor experiments are designed to explore the aluminum toxicity on pine seedlings, and the long-term soil acidification model （LTSAM） and a terrestrial biogeochemistry model （CENTURY） are used to simulate the influences of acid deposition on pine forest ecosystems. The indoor experiment results of aluminum toxicishow that aluminum ions in solution limit plant growth and acid deposition enhances this effect by facilitating the release of aluminum ions from the soil. Pine seedling bio- mass and root elongation decrease as the aluminum concentration increases. The results of model simulations show that the soil chemis- try varies significantly with different changes in acid deposition. When the acid deposition increases, the pH value in the soil solution decreases and the soil A13＋ concentration increases. The increased acid deposition also has negative impacts on the forest ecosystem, i.e., decreases plant biomass, net primary productivity （NPP） and net C02 uptake. As a result, the soil organic carbon （SOC） decreases be- cause of the limited supply of decomposition material. Thus acid deposition need be reduced to help protect the forest ecosystems.

神奇绚烂贵州行

贵州以其秀丽多姿的自然风光,绚烂奇异的民族特色,吸引着千万游客。1999年5月,我参加由广东中旅社组织的"贵州喀斯特原始森林探险"特种旅游。回来后,我曾将部分摄影作品在广州图书馆展出,当时便引起一些旅游爱好者的兴趣和向往。有几位朋友兴致尤浓,不断催我策划跟他们一起再去一次有"宜林山国"之称的贵州,领略一下"中国的瑞士"的风情。听说贵州赤水有座神秘梦幻的五柱峰,我平时酷爱猎奇探险,加之友情难却,便应诺成行。今年6月,我们从广州飞抵重庆,翌日乘公交车经四川沪州进入贵州赤水。赤水位于贵州西北。