西晋职官升迁与资位秩序

西晋职官升迁制度存在进阶与增位两种形式,构成以官资等级为基础的仕进秩序。官僚仕进主要依循由内官重要职位为中心构成的官资等级,这一等级细密而复杂,与九品官品有所区别。西晋官僚制呈现出官资与官位合一的特点,使官位超越了职位意义,形成仕进制度的资位秩序。职官升迁由于内官资位的主导地位,使吏部铨选内外失衡,促成甲午制的出台,由此造成外官附从内官资位秩序格局的进一步深化。官资与官位不断融合的演变过程反映了魏晋南北朝官僚制度以资位秩序为中心的主流发展方向。

“政产学研资介”六位一体文化产业园区建设初探——以吉林省东北亚文化创意科技园为例

党的十八大报告在"全面建成小康社会和全面深化改革的目标"中明确指出未来要使"文化产业成为国民经济支柱性产业",文化产业园区是文化产业发展的基础和保证。"政产学研资介"六位一体的文化产业园区是文化产业园区发展的一种创新模式,吉林省东北亚文化创意科技园是利用此创新模式建设发展的典型代表。因此,研究分析吉林省东北亚文化创意科技园的发展现状和经验成就可为我国文化产业园区未来更好更快发展提供借鉴和指导。

Genetic Diversity of Achnatherum Splendens

[Objective] Study on the genetic diversities of A.splendens from different areas of xinjiang. [Method] The genetic diversities among seven populations and within two populations were analyzed by RAPD. [Result] Genetic clustering results presented that the relationships among populations of A. splendens are directly related with geographic positions, and within population are related with habitats. [Conclusion] RAPD technique can be used to study genetic diversity of A. splendens.

修井作业机接送管柱机械手

机械手是修井作业机管柱接送过程中最关键的机构。针对修井作业中管柱的卸下与上装,首先介绍这组机械手的运动过程以及其中的关键技术;其次利用齐次坐标变换法建立机构的运动学方程,并对运动学位资正反解进行求解与分析;最后计算出机械手转动时必须遵循的安全速度,从而获得一组安全可靠的接送管柱机械手机构。

Food Resource Partitioning in Alpine Weasel,Steppe Polecat and Upland Buzzard:Evidence from Stable Isotope Ratios

Based on mass balance theory and IsoSource program,stable carbon and nitrogen isotopic ratios revealed that small mammals (plateau pika,root vole and plateau zokor) contributed 26.8% and 27.0% and 29.2% to alpine weasel,steppe polecat and upland buzzard of carnivores as food respectively;adult passerine birds contributed 22.3%,47.7% and 69.1%,with hatchlings contributing 50.9%,25.6% and 1.70% to each respectively.δ 13 C values plotted against δ 15 N indicated significant partitioning in two-dimensional space among the three carnivores.It was reasonable to propose a food resource partitioning among alpine weasel,steppe polecat and upland buzzard,which partially revealed their co-existence mechanisms.

Foreign Direct Investment with Chinese Characteristics:A Middle Path Between Ownership-Location-Internalization Model and Linkage-Leverage-Learning Model

The majority of multinational enterprises （MNEs） traditionally originate from developed countries. In the last ten years, however, there has been dramatic growth in foreign direct investment （FDI） from China. It is a comparatively new phenomenon that challenges the classic FDI theories. In this paper, we review the pros and cons of two important theories, known as the Owner- ship-Location-Internalization （0LI） model and Linkage-Leverage-Learning （LLL） model, and use the statistical data and company case studies from China to test the plausibility of these two models. We believe that neither of them suits totally： the OLI model is quite use- fill for understanding FDI from China to developing economies, while the LLL model is more powerful for explaining the FDI to de- veloped economies. We argue that the companies from China attain a very advantageous position as intermediates in the global economy They may catch up with the first movers if they integrate OLI-led and LLL-led FDI within one firm. This combination can bring to- gether the most advanced knowledge acquired in developed economies with the knowledge about adaptation needs and the needs for cost reduction in production as expressed in developing economies. It may also accelerate the knowledge transfer globally. We thus fill a gap in research into the geographical pattern of Chinese FDI and offer a deeper understanding of the internationalization of Chinese MNEs and revolving knowledge transfer.

Preparation and characterization of Martian soil simulant NEU Mars-1

To develop Martian soil simulant,basalts of the Chahar volcanic group in Wulanchabu,Inner Mongolia,China were selected as the simulant initial materials,which were ground and sorted to a predetermined particle size ratio,and small amounts of magnetite and hematite were added.The main phases of NEU Mars-1 simulant were plagioclase,augite and olivine.The glass transition and crystallization temperatures of NEU Mars-1 were 547.8 and 795.7°C,respectively.The complex dielectric constant,magnetic conductivity(0.99-1.045),and dielectric loss tangent angles(0.0025-0.030)of NEU Mars-1 were all stable in the frequency range of 2-18 GHz.Mossbauer spectroscopy results showed that the mass ratio of Fe2+to Fe3+in the simulant was 77.6:22.4.The NEU Mars-1 Martian soil simulant demonstrated particle size ratio,chemical composition,phase composition,thermal stability,and dielectric property similar to Martian soil,and can be used as the substitute material to extract oxygen and metals with in-situ resource utilization technologies.

An Empirical Analysis of Employment Stability and the Wage Gap of Rural Migrants in China Based on Quantile Regression

Under the background of accelerated integrated urban-rural development, this paper offers an analysis on the short-term employment of rural migrants in China and resulting wage gap between long-term and short-term rural migrants. On the basis of correcting for sample selection problems arising from labor market participation and short-term employment, rural migrants＇ wage function is estimated using quantile regression method, and wage gap between long-term and short-term rural migrants is decomposed using MM method. Our empirical results suggest that those with a higher level of education, training experience and local employment recommended by family relations or in formal labor market are more likely to secure long-term labor contract,＂ region and education have significant contributions to the wage of rural migrants,＂ rural migrants of both long- and short-term contract types have great gaps at the bottom of salary distribution; and there exists a sticky floor effect in wage difference of rural migrants. These results have important policy implications in enhancing employment stability of rural migrants, improving income distribution equity, speeding up the process of urbanization, and balancing regional development.

Thinking in three's: Changing surgical patient safety practices in the complex modern operating room

The three surgical patient safety events, wrong site surgery, retained surgical items (RSI) and surgical fires are rare occurrences and thus their effects on the complex modern operating room (OR) are difficult to study. The likelihood of occurrence and the magnitude of risk for each of these surgical safety events are undefined. Many providers may never have a personal experience with one of these events and training and education on these topics are sparse. These circumstances lead to faulty thinking that a provider won't ever have an event or if one does occur the provider will intuitively know what to do. Surgeons are not preoccupied with failure and tend to usually consider good outcomes, which leads them to ignore or diminish the importance of implementing and following simple safety practices. These circumstances contribute to the persistent low level occurrence of these three events and to the difficulty in generating sufficient interest to resource solutions. Individual facilities rarely have the time or talent to understand these events and develop lasting solutions. More often than not, even the most well meaning internal review results in a new line to a policy and some rigorous enforcement mandate. This approach routinely fails and is another reason why these problems are so persistent. Vigilance actions alone havebeen unsuccessful so hospitals now have to take a systematic approach to implementing safer processes and providing the resources for surgeons and other stake-holders to optimize the OR environment. This article discusses standardized processes of care for mitigation of injury or outright prevention of wrong site surgery, RSI and surgical fires in an action-oriented framework illustrating the strategic elements important in each event and focusing on the responsibilities for each of the three major OR agents-anesthesiologists, surgeons and nurses. A Surgical Patient Safety Checklist is discussed that incorporates the necessary elements to bring these team members together and influence the emergence of a safer OR.

A scalable model for network situational awareness based on Endsley＇ s situation model

The paper introduces the Endsley＇ s situation model into network security to describe the network security situation, and improves Endsley＇s data processing to suit network alerts. The proposed model contains the information of incident frequency, incident time and incident space. The HoneyNet dataset is selected to evaluate the proposed model in the evaluation. The paper proposes three definitions to depict and predigest the whole situation extraction in detail, and a fusion component to reduce the influence of alert redundancy on the total security situation. The less complex extraction makes the situation analysis more efficient, and the fine-grained model makes the analysis have a better expansibility. Finally, the situational variation curves are simulated, and the evaluation results prove the situation model applicable and efficient.

Bypass Selection for Control of Heat Exchanger Network

Considering the flexibility and controllability of heat exchanger networks (HENs), bypasses are widely used for effective control of process stream target temperatures. However, the optimal location for the bypass is generally difficult to design with the trade-off between controllability and capital investments. In this paper, based on the steady-state model of heat exchanger networks the optimal bypass location was firstly selected by iteratively calculating the non-square Relative Gain Array (ns-RGA). To simplify the calculation process, rules of bypass selection were also proposed. In order to evaluate this method, then, the structural controllability of heat exchanger networks was analyzed. With both the consideration of the controllability and capital investments, the bypasses locations were finally selected. A case study on the HEN in Crude Distillation Unit was presented in which the ns-RGA and structural controllability were used to select bypasses and also to evaluate the results.

Venn Relations of Human Resource： Impact of Human Resource Management on Economy

Research topic of study is Venn relations. Venn symbolizes relationship among human resource methods. They are personnel management, human resource management, and strategic human resource management. Venn symbolizes relationship among three human resource methods. According to the relations, firms apply three of them in human resource management departments. Personnel management is associated with job performance, human resource management is associated with employee performance, and strategic human resource management is associated with firm performance. Thus, those three purposes are crucial to firm＇s objectives. This study also explores human resource accounting, cognitive placement, and talent management. Research question is that firms may apply three human resource methods in human resource management departments. Methodology of study is literature scanning and major result is the application of cognitive placement methodology and Venn diagrams. Data and analysis are obtained through secondary data collection.

A Study on the Determinants of Location Choice in Inward Foreign Direct Investment （FDI）： Focusing on the Incheon Free Economic Zone

Inward foreign direct investment （FDI） is expected to grow further by virtue of economic globalization. A thorough understanding of the locational determinants of inward FDI will be conducive to enhanced efficiency in attracting direct and SOC-related investments from foreign entities. This study analyzes 51 cases of inward direct foreign investment made in the Incheon free economic zone （IFEZ） from 2002 to 2009 to determine the factors influencing FDI volume, the relevance of locations and the correlation between investment size and location. First, the relationship between the loeational determinants of FDI and the total investment size （total expected project cost） is analyzed. Second, the relationship between the locational determinants of FDI and the FDI is analyzed. Third, the relationship between the locational determinants of FDI and the location choice is analyzed. The results indicate the determinants that influence locations and investment size of FDI entities; whether these factors exercise influence in the zone; and the factors that have relatively significant effects. Ultimately, based on the analytical findings, a few implications for policy and practice are derived.

Application of Dempster-Shafer theory in mineral resource potential mapping

The Dempster-Shafer theory has been successfully applied to mineral resource potential mapping in GIS environmental. In this applied form, basic probability assignment and combined basic probability assignment are applied to measuring map pattem and map pattem combination, respectively; and the environment composed of the only two singleton sets （deposit set and non-deposit set）, is used for expressing the entire map area. For a subarea in which the certain map pattern combination exists, the combined basic probability assignment corresponding to the map pattern combination existing in this subarea, expresses the belief of inferring the subarea belonging to the deposit set from the evidence that the corresponding map pattern combination existing in the subarea. Thus, it may be served as a statistical index measuring the relative mineral resource potentials of the subarea. And it may be determined like 1） dividing the map area into a series of small equal-sized grid cells and then select the training sample set composed of the well-known grid cells or the entire grid cells; 2） estimating the basic probability assignments corresponding to each map pattern fromthe training sample set; 3） determining the map pattern combination existing in each cell, and then appling the Dempster＇s Rule of Combination to integrating the all basic probability assignments corresponding to the map patterns existing in the cell into the combined basic probability assignment. Mineral resource potential mapping with the Dempster-Shafer theory is demonstrated on a case study to select mineral resource targets. The experimental results manifest that the model can be compared with the weights of evidence model in the effectiveness of mineral resource target selection.

Retakaful From Syariah Perspective： A Comparative Study

Retakaful is an arrangement to risk of retention limit funding takaful. Similarly, risk arrangements are operated by reinsurance to insurance funding. But, how is the retakaful legal status in Islamic law and the differences between reinsurance. The objective of this study is to identify the status of the retakaful in Islamic law and identify the differences between reinsurance. The study to found that retakaful is prescribed and an alternative to reinsurance, as well as a method of financial protection against the various risks of the takaful industry in excess of the retention limit, which may occur at any time in accordance with the principles of Sharia. Also in this method of risk arrangements, It is found that there are very significant differences in risk between retakaful and conventional reinsurance.

Movement laws and mechanical characteristics of top coal in blasting face

Measuring the top coal movement and abutment pressure about Teaching ThirdMine that belonged to the National Energy Investment and Development.It shows that thetop coal's strong compression occurs 6 m in front of the face, the top coal is in front of sideabutment pressure concentration increase area at this time, and the top coal horizontaldisplacement increase rapidly.Also analyzed the top coal mechanical properties, and thetop coal under abutment pressure turned into block state.Finally, analyzed the top coalfailure mechanism and the structure of the mechanical model, and also made a theoreticalanalysis of the top coal's ultimate bearing capacity.

Remote Control of Fed-Batch Fermentation Systems

Bioreactor operation requires continuous monitoring of fermentation parameters and real-time control over bioreactor devices. Remote monitoring and control of the bioreactor＇s computer via the Internet avoids the necessity of personnel being continually onsite during operation. A two liter Sartorius-stedim Biostat~ A Plus fermentation system was networked and interfaced with the commercial software from GoToMyPC to allow remote control of the fermentation system utilizing the internet. The fermentation vessel was equipped with hardware calibrated for monitoring and controlling culture parameters during experimentations. The uniform resource locator controlled night-vision web camera allowed continuous monitoring of the glass fermentation vessel during the day and at night. The main window screen of the laboratory computer can be securely accessed from any portable device （i.e. laptop） capable of establishing an Internet connection and executing the commercial software from GoToMyPC. The secured internet protocol address, provided by GoToMyPC, assures that the system can only be controlled by authorized users who have been given access to the account. This interface permits the remote control of the Biostat A Plus fermentation system and possibly other automated or potentially automated culturing systems at the convenience of the user（s）.

Television Programs for Teenagers and the Use of Multimodality in Knowledge Popularization

The aim of this work is to study the interaction of spoken words and images that are used within programs targeted to popularize knowledge among teenagers. We will look into the program Bit@bit developed by Television de Catalunya, which is intended to disseminate computer concepts, tools and procedures. In this kind of program, one can find spoken language （on/off screen voices, interviews, etc.）, other oral material （sounds, music, songs）, written language （descriptions, title sequences, inserts and Uniform Resource Locator, or electronic addresses）, and other visual material （film cut images, advertising, other TV programs, cartoons, films, both location or studio images, depicting reality, or computer screens, or logotypes）. The profusion of multimodal elements used in this program helps to keep the young audience＇s attention. The use of references to their world or knowledge, as a target group, is based on interplay among different semiotic strategies. At the same time, the entire program＇s multi-segmentation into short video clips, combined with a fast paced sound track helps its audience to understand the specialized explanations presented. Of all the multimodal wealth that the program presents, we will concentrate only on the relationship between the words and the images （leaving other secondary semiotics to one side）, the main strategy for achieving the objective of transmitting knowledge and winning adolescent audiences.

Option Strike Price and Managerial Investment Decisions

The manager′s investment decisions is modeled when the manager is risk averse and has stock options as compensation. It is found that the strike price of options is crucial to the investment incentives of managers, and that the correct value, or interval of values, of managerial stock option strike price can bring stockholder and manager interests in agreement.

Discussion on the new space of strategic development and function of Hengsha,Shanghai

Integrating various resource advantages including location, land, coastline and waterway, Heng- sha, Shanghai will be the new space of strategic development in the future （especially after 2020）. Inspired by marine economic development and continual establishment for new strategic space of coastal cities, in this pa- per we will take the strategic development direction of Hengsha new space into consideration when enlarging on the positioning of the new development space in Hengsha, which includes international logistic center （free har- bor and logistic transshipment center）, modem port industry, high-end services, tourism, leisure, and recre- ation and ecological village in downtown area.