An ontology and metadata for online learning resource repository management is constructed. First, based on the analysis of the use-case diagram, the upper ontology is illustrated which includes resource library ontol...An ontology and metadata for online learning resource repository management is constructed. First, based on the analysis of the use-case diagram, the upper ontology is illustrated which includes resource library ontology and user ontology, and evaluated from its function and implementation; then the corresponding class diagram, resource description framework （RDF） schema and extensible markup language （XML） schema are given. Secondly, the metadata for online learning resource repository management is proposed based on the Dublin Core Metadata Initiative and the IEEE Learning Technologies Standards Committee Learning Object Metadata Working Group. Finally, the inference instance is shown, which proves the validity of ontology and metadata in online learning resource repository management.展开更多
Cell control system(CCS) plays an important role in the hierarchical control structure of computer integrated manufacturing system(CIMS). It links up workshop controller and CAD/CAPP/CAM down to production facilities,...Cell control system(CCS) plays an important role in the hierarchical control structure of computer integrated manufacturing system(CIMS). It links up workshop controller and CAD/CAPP/CAM down to production facilities, and directly influences flexibility and efficiency of production. The hierarchical control structure and the key technical problems of the CCS are mainly described. The CCS controls the job schedule, the resource allocation and the operation of facilities in the manufacturing procedure according to the production plan and target coming from the workshop controller. The key technologies are discussed in this paper as follows: the application of client/server system structure in the production control and management; production planning and scheduling; the handling of exceptional incidents in production and the DNC interface control as well.展开更多
A new kinetic spectrophotometric method has been developed for the determination of iron （Ⅲ）. The method is based on the catalytic effect of iron （Ⅲ） on the oxidation of weak acid brilliant blue dye （RAWL） by ...A new kinetic spectrophotometric method has been developed for the determination of iron （Ⅲ）. The method is based on the catalytic effect of iron （Ⅲ） on the oxidation of weak acid brilliant blue dye （RAWL） by KIO4 in acid medium. The advantages of the proposed method are that it is sensitive, accurate, rapid, inexpensive, can be operated under room temperature and has a large determination concentration range compared to other techniques. The obtained optimum conditions are： pH 3.15, RAWL （200 mgL^-1） 5.00mL, Potassium periodate solution （0.01 molL^-1） 0.30mL, phenanthroline （0.02 molL^-1） 1.00mL, reaction temperature 25℃ and reaction time 7 min. With this method iron could quantitively be determined in the range 0.00-0.02 mgL^-1, the detection limit being 4.10 × 10^10gmL^-1. The relative standard deviations （RSD） in five replicate determinations for 3 μgL^-1and 5 μgL^-1 iron （Ⅲ） are 3.1% and 1.9%, respectively. The method has been applied to the determination of iron （Ⅲ） in tap water samples and seawater samples （from the South China Sea）, the recovery rates being 98.0% and 100.5%, respectively.展开更多
Investments in human capital （employees） include investments in the direct assurance of working abilities, investments in health and well-being, and investments in loyalty to the company. These investments are cruci...Investments in human capital （employees） include investments in the direct assurance of working abilities, investments in health and well-being, and investments in loyalty to the company. These investments are crucial for the long-term existence and development of a company, but their value is not disclosed on the assets side of the classical balance sheet. The most important argument of the mentioned approach＇s promoters is that the economic benefits stemming from such investments are uncertain. However, investments in human capital are those with the highest long-term benefits for the company. Therefore, human capital is the only element of the business process that can add value. Other elements （equipment, materials, and services） just transfer their value to products and services. In this paper, the elements of investments in human capital and the methods used to evaluate these investments are addressed. In addition, uniquely shaped financial performance ratios related to investments in human capital are presented along with the system of integrated ratios.展开更多
Increasing production and disposal of coal fly ash （CFA） is a matter of serious environment concern. However, CFA contains various beneficial metals and mineral matters whose demand is increasing in the industrializ...Increasing production and disposal of coal fly ash （CFA） is a matter of serious environment concern. However, CFA contains various beneficial metals and mineral matters whose demand is increasing in the industrialized world, while natural supplies are diminishing. Therefore, recovery of these potential resources from CFA can be an alternative way to save mineral resources, as well as to reduce the environmental burden of CFA disposal. There are numerous methods developed for the recovery of beneficial products from CFA. Based on the US patents and journal literatures, the present review describes the recovery status and technologies of major elements such as Al, Si, Fe and Ti, and trace elements such as V, Ga, Ge, Se, Li, Mo, U, Au, Ag, Pt groups and rare earth elements （REEs） and other beneficial products such as magnetic materials, cenospheres, and unburned carbon from CFA. It also highlights the recovery efficiency and drawbacks for their extraction, and suggests future research to develop satisfactory results in terms of selective recovery and purification.展开更多
Applying ontology to describe resource metadata richly in the peer-to-peer environment has become current research trend. In this semantic peer-to-peer environment, indexing semantic element of resource description to...Applying ontology to describe resource metadata richly in the peer-to-peer environment has become current research trend. In this semantic peer-to-peer environment, indexing semantic element of resource description to support efficient resource location is a difficult and challenging problem. This paper provided a hybrid indexing architecture, which combines local indexing and global indexing. It uses community strategy and semantic routing strategy to organize key layer metadata element and uses DHT (distributed hash table) to index extensional layer metadata element. Compared with related system, this approach is more efficient in resource location and more scalable.展开更多
China＇s outward FDI has been increasing recently, as the country＇s policies over industrialization and national security change. Using financial data of 244 Chinese enterprises, this study empirically investigates t...China＇s outward FDI has been increasing recently, as the country＇s policies over industrialization and national security change. Using financial data of 244 Chinese enterprises, this study empirically investigates the patterns and determinants of China＇s outward FDI from 2001 to 2008 for its seven major destinations. Tobit and multiple regression analyses indicate that early Chinese FDI in 2001 and 2002 is concentrated in the labor-intensive industries in Asia, like those of early Japanese FDI in the early 1970s as well as those of Korean FDI in 1990s. The results also indicate that non-production oriented manufacturers invested in North America, in order to seek for market cultivation, technological advance, R＆D skills, and name brands. We also found that the central state-owned enterprises are the key FDI players in the continents with locational disadvantages展开更多
Elemental concentration distributions in space have been analyzed using different approaches. These analyses are of great significance for the quantitative characterization of various kinds of distribution patterns. F...Elemental concentration distributions in space have been analyzed using different approaches. These analyses are of great significance for the quantitative characterization of various kinds of distribution patterns. Fractal and multi-fractal methods have been extensively applied to this topic. Traditionally, approximately linear-fractal laws have been regarded as useful tools for characterizing the self-similarities of element concentrations. But, in nature, it is not always easy to find perfect linear fractal laws. In this paper the parabolic fractal model is used. First a two dimensional multiplicative multi-fractal cascade model is used to study the concentration patterns. The results show the parabolic fractal （PF） properties of the concentrations and the validity of non-linear fractal analysis. By dividing the studied area into four sub-areas it was possible to show that each part follows a non-linear parabolic fractal law and that the dispersion within each part varies. The ratio of the polynomial coefficients of the fitted parabolic curves can reflect, to some degree, the relative concentration and dispersal distribution patterns. This can provide new insight into the ore-forming potential in space. The parabofic fractal evaluations of ore-forming potential for the four suhareas are in good agreement with field investigation work and geochemical mapping results based on analysis of the original data.展开更多
China and other emerging market economies hoM large amounts of US dollar （USD）-denominated assets while their enterprises mainly raise funds from domestic banks. These economies＇currencies are under a constant pres...China and other emerging market economies hoM large amounts of US dollar （USD）-denominated assets while their enterprises mainly raise funds from domestic banks. These economies＇currencies are under a constant pressure to appreciate. The authors of this paper apply the model used in Bernanke et al. （1999） to small open economies in order to find out the optimal exchange rate regime for the emerging market economies. Findings indicate that a country＇s choice of exchange rate regime is directly associated with its percentage of USD-denominated assets and the strength of the financial accelerator effect. A managedfloating rate regime is more desirable than afreefloating regime because of its ability to better avoid liquidity traps given appreciation pressure. A managed floating rate regime also outperforms a fixed exchange rate regime because the former tends to cause less welfare loss. These factors make a managed floating rate regime the optimal choice for emerging market economies. Lastly, the authors propose policy steps and suggestions based specifically on China＇s current situation.展开更多
Using the concepts from information theory, it is possible to improve the traditional methodologies of asset allocation. In this paper, it was studied and extended the two existent approaches： the first is based on t...Using the concepts from information theory, it is possible to improve the traditional methodologies of asset allocation. In this paper, it was studied and extended the two existent approaches： the first is based on the Shannon entropy concept and the second on the Kullback-Leibler distance. In modem portfolio theory, the investor has two basic procedures： the choice of a portfolio that maximizes its risk-adjusted excess return or the mixed allocation between the maximum Sharpe portfolio and the risk-free asset. The first procedure was already addressed in the related literature. One important contribution of this paper is the consideration of the second procedure in the information theory context. The performance of these approaches was compared with the three traditional asset allocation methodologies： the Markowitz＇s mean-variance, the resampled mean-variance and the equally weighted portfolio. It was used simulated and real data from Brazilian stocks. The information theory-based methodologies were verified to be more robust when dealing with the estimation errors.展开更多
Water deficits observed in many regions of the world make it necessary to implement measures intended to improve this situation. Poland is one of the countries with the poorest water resources in Europe due to its nat...Water deficits observed in many regions of the world make it necessary to implement measures intended to improve this situation. Poland is one of the countries with the poorest water resources in Europe due to its natural conditions and human impact. As a result of land reclamation carried out over decades, many elements of its hydrographic system have been changed, and some of them, like lakes, have disappeared altogether. In the days of the socio-economic transformation and more frequent extreme events, what seems worth considering is the renaturalisation of non-existing lakes, an idea presented in this paper on a selected example.展开更多
In the first part, the concept of instrumental reason is defended. Although we live in the age of pluralism, in which a tendency prevails to put all types of rationality on the same plane, there is a rationality that ...In the first part, the concept of instrumental reason is defended. Although we live in the age of pluralism, in which a tendency prevails to put all types of rationality on the same plane, there is a rationality that has a unique position： the instrumental rationality. The article then examines Luk^ics＇s roots of this concept and its elaboration by Adomo and Horkheimer. The second part refers to the current transformation of instrumental reason that these authors could not register. Instrumental reason changes so that it can connect several seemingly incoherent elements： postmodern non-objectivity, social and ecological normativity, and reified imperatives of capitalism. This formation is here called over-instrumental instrumental reason. In conclusion, the article deals with the question of how its non-instrumental component to exempt from its instrumental ones.展开更多
基金The Advanced University Action Plan of the Minis-try of Education of China (2004XD-03).
文摘An ontology and metadata for online learning resource repository management is constructed. First, based on the analysis of the use-case diagram, the upper ontology is illustrated which includes resource library ontology and user ontology, and evaluated from its function and implementation; then the corresponding class diagram, resource description framework （RDF） schema and extensible markup language （XML） schema are given. Secondly, the metadata for online learning resource repository management is proposed based on the Dublin Core Metadata Initiative and the IEEE Learning Technologies Standards Committee Learning Object Metadata Working Group. Finally, the inference instance is shown, which proves the validity of ontology and metadata in online learning resource repository management.
文摘Cell control system(CCS) plays an important role in the hierarchical control structure of computer integrated manufacturing system(CIMS). It links up workshop controller and CAD/CAPP/CAM down to production facilities, and directly influences flexibility and efficiency of production. The hierarchical control structure and the key technical problems of the CCS are mainly described. The CCS controls the job schedule, the resource allocation and the operation of facilities in the manufacturing procedure according to the production plan and target coming from the workshop controller. The key technologies are discussed in this paper as follows: the application of client/server system structure in the production control and management; production planning and scheduling; the handling of exceptional incidents in production and the DNC interface control as well.
文摘A new kinetic spectrophotometric method has been developed for the determination of iron （Ⅲ）. The method is based on the catalytic effect of iron （Ⅲ） on the oxidation of weak acid brilliant blue dye （RAWL） by KIO4 in acid medium. The advantages of the proposed method are that it is sensitive, accurate, rapid, inexpensive, can be operated under room temperature and has a large determination concentration range compared to other techniques. The obtained optimum conditions are： pH 3.15, RAWL （200 mgL^-1） 5.00mL, Potassium periodate solution （0.01 molL^-1） 0.30mL, phenanthroline （0.02 molL^-1） 1.00mL, reaction temperature 25℃ and reaction time 7 min. With this method iron could quantitively be determined in the range 0.00-0.02 mgL^-1, the detection limit being 4.10 × 10^10gmL^-1. The relative standard deviations （RSD） in five replicate determinations for 3 μgL^-1and 5 μgL^-1 iron （Ⅲ） are 3.1% and 1.9%, respectively. The method has been applied to the determination of iron （Ⅲ） in tap water samples and seawater samples （from the South China Sea）, the recovery rates being 98.0% and 100.5%, respectively.
文摘Investments in human capital （employees） include investments in the direct assurance of working abilities, investments in health and well-being, and investments in loyalty to the company. These investments are crucial for the long-term existence and development of a company, but their value is not disclosed on the assets side of the classical balance sheet. The most important argument of the mentioned approach＇s promoters is that the economic benefits stemming from such investments are uncertain. However, investments in human capital are those with the highest long-term benefits for the company. Therefore, human capital is the only element of the business process that can add value. Other elements （equipment, materials, and services） just transfer their value to products and services. In this paper, the elements of investments in human capital and the methods used to evaluate these investments are addressed. In addition, uniquely shaped financial performance ratios related to investments in human capital are presented along with the system of integrated ratios.
文摘Increasing production and disposal of coal fly ash （CFA） is a matter of serious environment concern. However, CFA contains various beneficial metals and mineral matters whose demand is increasing in the industrialized world, while natural supplies are diminishing. Therefore, recovery of these potential resources from CFA can be an alternative way to save mineral resources, as well as to reduce the environmental burden of CFA disposal. There are numerous methods developed for the recovery of beneficial products from CFA. Based on the US patents and journal literatures, the present review describes the recovery status and technologies of major elements such as Al, Si, Fe and Ti, and trace elements such as V, Ga, Ge, Se, Li, Mo, U, Au, Ag, Pt groups and rare earth elements （REEs） and other beneficial products such as magnetic materials, cenospheres, and unburned carbon from CFA. It also highlights the recovery efficiency and drawbacks for their extraction, and suggests future research to develop satisfactory results in terms of selective recovery and purification.
文摘Applying ontology to describe resource metadata richly in the peer-to-peer environment has become current research trend. In this semantic peer-to-peer environment, indexing semantic element of resource description to support efficient resource location is a difficult and challenging problem. This paper provided a hybrid indexing architecture, which combines local indexing and global indexing. It uses community strategy and semantic routing strategy to organize key layer metadata element and uses DHT (distributed hash table) to index extensional layer metadata element. Compared with related system, this approach is more efficient in resource location and more scalable.
文摘China＇s outward FDI has been increasing recently, as the country＇s policies over industrialization and national security change. Using financial data of 244 Chinese enterprises, this study empirically investigates the patterns and determinants of China＇s outward FDI from 2001 to 2008 for its seven major destinations. Tobit and multiple regression analyses indicate that early Chinese FDI in 2001 and 2002 is concentrated in the labor-intensive industries in Asia, like those of early Japanese FDI in the early 1970s as well as those of Korean FDI in 1990s. The results also indicate that non-production oriented manufacturers invested in North America, in order to seek for market cultivation, technological advance, R＆D skills, and name brands. We also found that the central state-owned enterprises are the key FDI players in the continents with locational disadvantages
基金Projects 40502029, 40472146 and 40373003 supported by the Natural Science Foundation of ChinaGPMR2007-11 by the Key Lab of GeologicalProcesses and Mineral Resources
文摘Elemental concentration distributions in space have been analyzed using different approaches. These analyses are of great significance for the quantitative characterization of various kinds of distribution patterns. Fractal and multi-fractal methods have been extensively applied to this topic. Traditionally, approximately linear-fractal laws have been regarded as useful tools for characterizing the self-similarities of element concentrations. But, in nature, it is not always easy to find perfect linear fractal laws. In this paper the parabolic fractal model is used. First a two dimensional multiplicative multi-fractal cascade model is used to study the concentration patterns. The results show the parabolic fractal （PF） properties of the concentrations and the validity of non-linear fractal analysis. By dividing the studied area into four sub-areas it was possible to show that each part follows a non-linear parabolic fractal law and that the dispersion within each part varies. The ratio of the polynomial coefficients of the fitted parabolic curves can reflect, to some degree, the relative concentration and dispersal distribution patterns. This can provide new insight into the ore-forming potential in space. The parabofic fractal evaluations of ore-forming potential for the four suhareas are in good agreement with field investigation work and geochemical mapping results based on analysis of the original data.
文摘China and other emerging market economies hoM large amounts of US dollar （USD）-denominated assets while their enterprises mainly raise funds from domestic banks. These economies＇currencies are under a constant pressure to appreciate. The authors of this paper apply the model used in Bernanke et al. （1999） to small open economies in order to find out the optimal exchange rate regime for the emerging market economies. Findings indicate that a country＇s choice of exchange rate regime is directly associated with its percentage of USD-denominated assets and the strength of the financial accelerator effect. A managedfloating rate regime is more desirable than afreefloating regime because of its ability to better avoid liquidity traps given appreciation pressure. A managed floating rate regime also outperforms a fixed exchange rate regime because the former tends to cause less welfare loss. These factors make a managed floating rate regime the optimal choice for emerging market economies. Lastly, the authors propose policy steps and suggestions based specifically on China＇s current situation.
文摘Using the concepts from information theory, it is possible to improve the traditional methodologies of asset allocation. In this paper, it was studied and extended the two existent approaches： the first is based on the Shannon entropy concept and the second on the Kullback-Leibler distance. In modem portfolio theory, the investor has two basic procedures： the choice of a portfolio that maximizes its risk-adjusted excess return or the mixed allocation between the maximum Sharpe portfolio and the risk-free asset. The first procedure was already addressed in the related literature. One important contribution of this paper is the consideration of the second procedure in the information theory context. The performance of these approaches was compared with the three traditional asset allocation methodologies： the Markowitz＇s mean-variance, the resampled mean-variance and the equally weighted portfolio. It was used simulated and real data from Brazilian stocks. The information theory-based methodologies were verified to be more robust when dealing with the estimation errors.
文摘Water deficits observed in many regions of the world make it necessary to implement measures intended to improve this situation. Poland is one of the countries with the poorest water resources in Europe due to its natural conditions and human impact. As a result of land reclamation carried out over decades, many elements of its hydrographic system have been changed, and some of them, like lakes, have disappeared altogether. In the days of the socio-economic transformation and more frequent extreme events, what seems worth considering is the renaturalisation of non-existing lakes, an idea presented in this paper on a selected example.
文摘In the first part, the concept of instrumental reason is defended. Although we live in the age of pluralism, in which a tendency prevails to put all types of rationality on the same plane, there is a rationality that has a unique position： the instrumental rationality. The article then examines Luk^ics＇s roots of this concept and its elaboration by Adomo and Horkheimer. The second part refers to the current transformation of instrumental reason that these authors could not register. Instrumental reason changes so that it can connect several seemingly incoherent elements： postmodern non-objectivity, social and ecological normativity, and reified imperatives of capitalism. This formation is here called over-instrumental instrumental reason. In conclusion, the article deals with the question of how its non-instrumental component to exempt from its instrumental ones.
