Improving Investment and Financing Mechanism, Speeding up the Energy Reform Process-Interpretation to Implementing Opinions on Deepening Reform of Investment and Financing System in Energy Industry

Under the context of economic transformation and upgrading and the continued advancement of supplyside reforms in China, the development of the energy industry is confronted with many problems and challenges, such as insufficient energy investment, a shortage of financing channels,and the low participation of social capital. In order to fully mobilize social capital to invest in energy, enhance energy investment efficiency, expand energy financing channels,and increase the vitality of the energy industry, the state has recently issued the Implementing Opinions on Deepening the Reform of Investment and the Financing System in the Energy Industry( "Opinions"). This paper provides a deep interpretation of this document from the perspectives of the background for the investment and financing system reform in the energy industry,the main content of the reform, the problems and challenges confronting the reform,and the expected effects from the reform, and analyzes the objectives, ideas and problems of the reform, in order to effectively promote the investment and financing system reform in the energy industry.

国家支持中小企业出口的世界经验及对俄罗斯的启示

在目前世界贸易和经济不稳定的情况下,国家加大扶持出口型企业发展的议题变得尤为重要。特别是在全球化和世界贸易高速发展的情况下,出口型中小企业的经营环境发生变化,这些变化也受到世贸组织和经合组织等国际组织关注,并主动要求各个政府为出口提供财政扶持。2000年开始,俄罗斯政府对中小企业出口商的融资问题给予了关注与财政资助,但这些资金的使用效率仍然存在很多漏洞,为了全面了解俄罗斯政府扶持出口活动效率低的困境,有必要查明存在的障碍。本文分析主要出口国和有资助经验的国家针对出口活动的财政资助制度,从中发现政府对出口资助制度的优势,找出阻碍俄罗斯中小企业出口活动发展的因素,探究这些阻碍因素对政府资助出口的影响,以及客观评估它们,提出改进的政策建议。