This paper shows that there are two different phases in economics. These are the primal and dual problems. In the primal problem phase, capital expenditures of private corporations grow, creating an impetus towards th...This paper shows that there are two different phases in economics. These are the primal and dual problems. In the primal problem phase, capital expenditures of private corporations grow, creating an impetus towards the maximization of profits. In this case, as Adam Smith once wrote, the ＂invisible hand of God＂ works to lead the economy to a significant growth. This paper defines the concept of economic growth, bubble economy and destruction of bubble economy. And this paper describes why bubble economy occurs and crashes. In the process, this paper shows that primal economy exists before bubble economy and dual economy exists after destruction of bubble economy.展开更多
This article discusses the representation of the sea in selected works of W. H. Longfellow, Herman Melville, and lan Wedde, tracing its transformation from a romantic icon to a global commons. Despite differences in t...This article discusses the representation of the sea in selected works of W. H. Longfellow, Herman Melville, and lan Wedde, tracing its transformation from a romantic icon to a global commons. Despite differences in their portrayals, all three artists find stagnation alongside vitality in the ebb and flow or the rolling of the sea. Similar to Longfellow, Melville romanticizes the sea in Moby-Dick as an ultimate sanctuary, the domain of reveries. At the same time, Melville also portrays the sea as a global commons where U.S. capitalism dominates the global order and exploits the resources. In addressing the environmental issues such as the possibility of whales＇ extinction, Melville echoes ＂the tragedy of the commons＂ lamented by Garrett Hardin. Queequeg, the ＂primitive＂ man who saves Ishmael from the wolfish industrial capitalism is thought to be modeled after a MAori from New Zealand. Today, the M^ori＇s ancestral sea-based culture is threatened by economic globalization. Wedde, a New Zealand poet, confronted the plans to construct an aluminum smelter in his country. His poem juxtaposes themes of precariousness and desolation with resilience and defiant survival, a motif mirrored in Longfellow＇s and Melville＇s portrayals of the sea.展开更多
文摘This paper shows that there are two different phases in economics. These are the primal and dual problems. In the primal problem phase, capital expenditures of private corporations grow, creating an impetus towards the maximization of profits. In this case, as Adam Smith once wrote, the ＂invisible hand of God＂ works to lead the economy to a significant growth. This paper defines the concept of economic growth, bubble economy and destruction of bubble economy. And this paper describes why bubble economy occurs and crashes. In the process, this paper shows that primal economy exists before bubble economy and dual economy exists after destruction of bubble economy.
文摘This article discusses the representation of the sea in selected works of W. H. Longfellow, Herman Melville, and lan Wedde, tracing its transformation from a romantic icon to a global commons. Despite differences in their portrayals, all three artists find stagnation alongside vitality in the ebb and flow or the rolling of the sea. Similar to Longfellow, Melville romanticizes the sea in Moby-Dick as an ultimate sanctuary, the domain of reveries. At the same time, Melville also portrays the sea as a global commons where U.S. capitalism dominates the global order and exploits the resources. In addressing the environmental issues such as the possibility of whales＇ extinction, Melville echoes ＂the tragedy of the commons＂ lamented by Garrett Hardin. Queequeg, the ＂primitive＂ man who saves Ishmael from the wolfish industrial capitalism is thought to be modeled after a MAori from New Zealand. Today, the M^ori＇s ancestral sea-based culture is threatened by economic globalization. Wedde, a New Zealand poet, confronted the plans to construct an aluminum smelter in his country. His poem juxtaposes themes of precariousness and desolation with resilience and defiant survival, a motif mirrored in Longfellow＇s and Melville＇s portrayals of the sea.
