对U形资本成本函数的一种解释

对Ｕ形资本成本函数的一种解释沈生宏（南京大学国际商学院２１００９３）袁国良（中国人民大学经济系１００８７２）一、问题的提出资本结构理论是关于企业筹资决策的基本理论。美国经济学家杜兰特（ＤａｖｉｄＤｕｒａｎｄ）曾开创了这一理论研究之先河。其标志是他在１...

众筹融资的法律规制

众筹具有降低融资门槛、促进微创业、激发"草根"创新、丰富投资渠道等作用,对其的规制应当以保护投资者、促进中小企业发展为出发点,从对平台的规制、对初创企业的鼓励和对投资者的保护三个方面展开"众筹"(Crowdfunding)一词由美国学者迈克尔·萨利文于2006年首先提出。2009年4月,以众筹为运作模式的专门网站——Kickstarter正式上线。权威市场调查公司Massolution的研究报告显示,全球众筹融资金额2009年仅为5.3亿美元。

马克思与韦伯

马克思与韦伯之间比通常所认识到的有更多的密切关系。韦伯严厉地批判了第二国际所解释的马克思主义的经济还原论，但这并不意味着韦伯拥护精神力量具有根本的重要性、历史唯心主义或伟大人物在历史中的巨大作用。相反，他在新的三个方向上扩展了唯物主义分析：(1)

Identification and recognition of intangible capital

In this article, intangible capital has been identified efficiently from three dimensions of excess earnings, contracts and assets specificity. On the basis of identification, we confirm intangible capital as the core level, the close level and the loose level with the ＂colorful mode＂ of accounting recognition. The core level includes land tenure right capital, franchise right capital, intellectual property right capital and operation capacity capital. The close level includes brand capital and relationship capital. The loose level includes moral capital and basic structure capital.

Enhancing Innovation Through Intellectual Capital： A Theoretical Overview

Innovation is one of the main drivers of economic development. In the knowledge economy era, the quickness of technological developments and globalization has changed the structure of business world. Consequently, this situation creates opportunities and also threats for companies. Companies should attach importance to innovation in order to maintain sustainable growth and gain competitive advantage. According to Barsky and Marchat （2000） in the new economy the value of a company is not found with its tangible assets, revenues, financial ratios or market share, but with its intellectual capital, organizational culture, customer loyalty and brand equity. According to resource-based view of the company; the resources are fundamental factors of competitiveness and performance. These resources are regarded as strategic assets, which include tangible and intangible assets. Intellectual capital which is becoming one of the important commercial assets of the 21 st century is a way of describing a company＇s intangible assets that are vital for company success. Intellectual capital consists of human capital, relational capital and structural capital. Intellectual capital which is a core strategical resource of a company is playing a crucial role in a company＇s innovation performance. This study attempts to analyze the interrelationships between intellectual capital and innovation in the context of resource-based view of the company. This study also focuses in particular on the effects of human capital, relational capital and structural capital which are the components of intellectual capital, on innovation by integrating the relevant theoretical and empirical evidence.

Translocalization and Social Rescaling:Case Studies of Linguistic Landscapes in Guangzhou

Languages and linguistic resources transport from one locality to another,adapting to the norms,customs,and regulations of a new locality.This process involves translocalization.Translocalization emphasizes the movement of linguistic resources against the backdrop of globalization and the combination or reframing of resources from different localities.This research explores the extent to which translocalization is reflected by the linguistic landscapes of three distinct commercial areas in Guangzhou,China.It goes on to discuss how translocalization works together with social rescaling to incur the movement of linguistic resources and to result in distinct linguistic landscapes of the three commercial areas.It concludes that some languages or linguistic resources,such as English,pinyin and traditional Chinese writing,are transported to local contexts for the purpose of rescaling,whereas other languages or dialects,like Cantonese,might gradually lose their function of rescaling and retain its function in indexing local identity and solidarity.This study calls for more attention to the local resources and contexts in linguistic landscape studies.It argues for the indexical function of linguistic resources in social rescaling and city planning.

Conflicting Emotions： Globalization and Decoloniality in Tambien la lluvia

It is not difficult to understand the success of Tambien la lluvia （2010） starring the internationally recognized Mexican actor Gael Garcia Bernal. The coproduction among France, Spain, and Mexico succeeds in creating film that gains critical as well as commercial attention for its treatment of the theme of globalization as well as for its aesthetic quality. The Spanish director, Icfar Boallafn heavily employs metacinematography, metanarrative, and intertextuality in the film but loses subtlety in conveying the message of globalization as a continuation of colonization. As the study of the aforementioned themes has been exhausted, this analysis focuses on the role and representation of the emotions that are shaped by the global economic circumstance of capitalism, consumerism, and globalization. I will analyze and compare the emotions of the western characters with that of the indigenous characters in Bolivia to demonstrate how the filmic representations of emotions are influenced by the understanding of history, culture, and society. This analysis attempts to reveal how the western subjects struggle to locate their emotions resulting in their displacement in representations of information and simulations of reality that have lost their connection with the original referent. On the other hand, the indigenous＇ emotional repertoire is based on their direct interaction with the land and their community. Furthermore, the first people appear to have inherited and cultivated their emotions as a community, which motivate them to act collectively to continue their incessant struggle against exploitation and colonization. Through this study, I hope to explore the relationship between the emotions and decoloniality by identifying how cultivation of emotions could have a major impact in questioning the Eurocentric episteme imposed onto the periphery.

The Ethnic Dilemma： Mass Communication and Native People in Colombia

The logic of hegemonic domination that was established in Colombia and in Latin America after the Conquest is based on a scheme of elitist power. Using the perspective of the Italian sociologist Vilfredo Pareto, we can classify these elites in lions or foxes. In the first case, they use the force and the violence （the Macht of Weber） to impose their sovereignty; in the second case, they use persuasion and the masquerade （the Herrschaft）---the propaganda. This power is based on a more stable legitimacy and is able to transform itself in a matrix-effect reality. This form of social control has allowed the Colombian （and Latin American） 61ites the uncontrolled starvation of the natural resources found in these territories, under the influence of a wild capitalism which is strictly linked to the mass media community of the continent. This paper will expose the panorama of community media with an ethnic perspective in Colombia that hopefully works as process to facilitate the building of social links based on dialogue, reconciliation, respect, and participation, acting as watchdog of economic and political power, reporting the injustice and looking for peace solution in the region.

The Ecological Crisis and the Principle of Relationality in African Philosophy

The way that humans think about the earth certainly affects the way that they relate and behave towards the earth and all its life forms. The various ideologies or worldviews that humanity has experienced such as dualism, capitalism, holism, animism, ubuntu, ukama, vital force, colonialism, and so forth are all different ways of thinking and relating to the earth. The paper argues that dualistic ways of thinking or viewpoints that radically separate the human as distinct from the earth are hostile to both human and earth flourishing. It further argues that the ecological crisis which has witnessed the destruction and pollution of the ecosystems and other devastations cannot be solved when humans continue to see the earth as an object for conquest and exploitation. Using a critical hermeneutics method, the paper affirms that the African principle of relationality can help in mitigating the environmental crisis. It finds and concludes that if this principle is radically practiced, a better environment will be created.

The Contemporary Disintegration of Aesthetic Utopia and Its Paradoxical Form

With the advent of the era of aesthetic capitalism in the late 20th century, aesthetics and art exude enormous political potential. In contemporary aesthetic field, Utopia is breaking through the existing model and disintegrating into the paradoxical ＂Heterotopia＂ or ＂Dystopia （anti-utopia）＂ with its revolutionary and negative power. It engages in politics, society and life with its reflexivity and anew assesses and activates aesthetical language and perceptive experience, The popularity of the engagement of aesthetics and art is the new modeling road of Utopia aiter its contemporary disintegration.

Ethics and Law： Reassessment on the Legal Positivism

Legal system in a modern society is administered by judiciary which is due to separation of powers in a constitutional government whose role is congruent with market-based （i.e., capitalist） social formation. At the outset of modernity, an overall morality, as a social system, lacked for ordering all social relations in modern society under overdetermination of market relationships and class differentiation. Despite the fact that we may attribute moral property to the patterned relationship, there is somewhat a common character between morals and laws that both of them visibly set forth by reciprocity between individuals and social groups, which are backed by external sanctions as manifested with notion of justice, as evaluative criterion of impartiality. Thereby, the other problem is a tiny relationship or sometimes tension between social systems of morals and individual ethical virtues; even though some philosophers are willing to equate virtues, morals, and the law as squarely reducing virtues to obey the established law. As though, legal system and some morals incidentally coincide, the law cannot be evenly rely on morality in spite of presumed legitimacy by means of morals that have been overall subject matter of philosophy of law. Regarding the social structure of any capitalist society, I frankly say that law autonomously or semi-autonomously arose as a discrete depolitical power system other than system of morals which was ultimately determined by mode of production. Therefore, it relies on a convention-like social approbation, whatsoever is stably or unstably balanced with political power.

Accurate Understanding of China's Income, Consumption and Investment

This study elaborates on the differences between resident disposable income in the flow of fimds table and in the household survey; between household consumption in expenditure- based GDP and in the household survey; and between gross fixed capital formation in expenditure-based GDP and total fixed asset investment in the whole country as shown in investment statistics, from the point of view of their basic concepts and purposes, scope of specifications, data sources, calculation methods and data presentation. We show that the household survey somewhat underestimates household income and consumption, while investment statistics somewhat overestimate total investment in fixed assets. This does not, however, directly affect the accurate understanding of such major economic structures as the structure of the distribution of Chinese nationals＇ disposable income among households, enterprises and government, the structure of final demand, etc.