Existing papers on human capital and growth in China has been using single equation estimations. This might cause a simultaneity bias if a two-way causality between the two variables exists. In this paper, the author ...Existing papers on human capital and growth in China has been using single equation estimations. This might cause a simultaneity bias if a two-way causality between the two variables exists. In this paper, the author performs vector autoregressive estimations using panel data on the number of graduates at each level of education as a proxy for human capital in China during 1991-2005. The results show that investment in human capital increases output per worker at all three levels of education. Regarding the effects of output per worker on the accumulation of human capital, the author finds mixed results with the primary-school graduates＇ benefits the most from increases in per capita output.展开更多
There is a prevalent opinion in the corporate arena that the foreign companies are earning more but are less concerned with reinvesting their earnings in the foreign countries in which they operate and are more concer...There is a prevalent opinion in the corporate arena that the foreign companies are earning more but are less concerned with reinvesting their earnings in the foreign countries in which they operate and are more concerned in profit appropriations for quick repatriation of their investments by way of declaring high dividend payments. As compared to the foreign companies, domestic companies in India are relatively more concerned for reinvesting their profits and help to trigger the capital accumulation and industrial growth. This practice of comparatively paying higher dividend by foreign companies in India, if proved, supports the view that foreign companies are least concerned with the industrial growth of the country in which they operate. Hence the analyses of the dividend payments and the retained earnings of foreign and domestic firms assume economic importance. Considering the above hypothesis and the importance of the study, this paper made an attempt to empirically test the opinion and bring out any significant differences in the profitability and dividend payments between the two groups often pharmaceutical companies operating in India for the period of last 20 years.展开更多
In this paper, Henri Lefebvre＇s theorizations about representational space and representations of space will be employed to examine Hart Crane＇s imagination of them in The Bridge. First, according to Lefebvre, repre...In this paper, Henri Lefebvre＇s theorizations about representational space and representations of space will be employed to examine Hart Crane＇s imagination of them in The Bridge. First, according to Lefebvre, representations of space are created with violence for the purpose of accumulating capital. On the other hand, representational space is directly lived or affectively felt, opened up by inhabitants＇ imagination. In addition, Lefebvre points out that in abstract space, representational space will be invaded by representations of space. In The Bridge, Crane＇s affective experience with the Brooklyn Bridge or the subway indicates that he treats New York as a representational space. Besides, Crane expresses his concern for how capitalism has encroached on it. It would seem that Crane has followed Lefebvre＇s line of thinking in The Bridge. However, it is actually a specious analysis because both the Brooklyn Bridge and the subway are representations of space. And in this long poem, Crane feels the urban space through history, which plays a key role in creating representations of space. Thus, we can conclude that Crane is actually taking ＂a walk in between＂ in The Bridge. With his imagination, Crane has combined representations of space and representational space into his own poetic vision.展开更多
After private enterprise having experienced 30 years of hard work in the reform and opening up and accumulated a certain primitive accumulation of capital, how to make strategic adjustments or enterprise strategic tra...After private enterprise having experienced 30 years of hard work in the reform and opening up and accumulated a certain primitive accumulation of capital, how to make strategic adjustments or enterprise strategic transformation, how to avoid the risk of corporate business development and to make diversification or specialization has become a question of reality that contemporary Chinese private enterprises must face. In this paper, we will exposure to and experience Chinese private enterprises from small to big, starting from nothing, with its own business development strategy, and briefly talk about how private enterprise face the diversification and professional development strategies.展开更多
文摘Existing papers on human capital and growth in China has been using single equation estimations. This might cause a simultaneity bias if a two-way causality between the two variables exists. In this paper, the author performs vector autoregressive estimations using panel data on the number of graduates at each level of education as a proxy for human capital in China during 1991-2005. The results show that investment in human capital increases output per worker at all three levels of education. Regarding the effects of output per worker on the accumulation of human capital, the author finds mixed results with the primary-school graduates＇ benefits the most from increases in per capita output.
文摘There is a prevalent opinion in the corporate arena that the foreign companies are earning more but are less concerned with reinvesting their earnings in the foreign countries in which they operate and are more concerned in profit appropriations for quick repatriation of their investments by way of declaring high dividend payments. As compared to the foreign companies, domestic companies in India are relatively more concerned for reinvesting their profits and help to trigger the capital accumulation and industrial growth. This practice of comparatively paying higher dividend by foreign companies in India, if proved, supports the view that foreign companies are least concerned with the industrial growth of the country in which they operate. Hence the analyses of the dividend payments and the retained earnings of foreign and domestic firms assume economic importance. Considering the above hypothesis and the importance of the study, this paper made an attempt to empirically test the opinion and bring out any significant differences in the profitability and dividend payments between the two groups often pharmaceutical companies operating in India for the period of last 20 years.
文摘In this paper, Henri Lefebvre＇s theorizations about representational space and representations of space will be employed to examine Hart Crane＇s imagination of them in The Bridge. First, according to Lefebvre, representations of space are created with violence for the purpose of accumulating capital. On the other hand, representational space is directly lived or affectively felt, opened up by inhabitants＇ imagination. In addition, Lefebvre points out that in abstract space, representational space will be invaded by representations of space. In The Bridge, Crane＇s affective experience with the Brooklyn Bridge or the subway indicates that he treats New York as a representational space. Besides, Crane expresses his concern for how capitalism has encroached on it. It would seem that Crane has followed Lefebvre＇s line of thinking in The Bridge. However, it is actually a specious analysis because both the Brooklyn Bridge and the subway are representations of space. And in this long poem, Crane feels the urban space through history, which plays a key role in creating representations of space. Thus, we can conclude that Crane is actually taking ＂a walk in between＂ in The Bridge. With his imagination, Crane has combined representations of space and representational space into his own poetic vision.
文摘After private enterprise having experienced 30 years of hard work in the reform and opening up and accumulated a certain primitive accumulation of capital, how to make strategic adjustments or enterprise strategic transformation, how to avoid the risk of corporate business development and to make diversification or specialization has become a question of reality that contemporary Chinese private enterprises must face. In this paper, we will exposure to and experience Chinese private enterprises from small to big, starting from nothing, with its own business development strategy, and briefly talk about how private enterprise face the diversification and professional development strategies.
