The methodology of visual simulation for a tunnel engineering construction schedule is presented. Visualization of simulation model, calculation and result of construction schedule simulation is realized, and the cons...The methodology of visual simulation for a tunnel engineering construction schedule is presented. Visualization of simulation model, calculation and result of construction schedule simulation is realized, and the construction simulation and the resource optimization of tunnel engineering are made. A risk analysis and a decision-making method of tunnel engineering construction schedule based on visual simulation are presented. Furthermore, using S curve theory and schedule management method, the real-time management and control method of tunnel engineering construction based on visual simulation is presented. The application to the tunnel engineering construction schedule analysis and management shows the feasibility and effectiveness of the method presented in this paper.展开更多
In Eastern Africa, the experience of Machakos has been heavily debated between Malthusians and the more optimistic Boserupians. Machakos was the epitome of overpopulation and resource degradation in the 1950s, but has...In Eastern Africa, the experience of Machakos has been heavily debated between Malthusians and the more optimistic Boserupians. Machakos was the epitome of overpopulation and resource degradation in the 1950s, but has since thrived. The Boserupians view Machakos as an illustration of how population growth can solve rather than exacerbate the vicious cycle of poverty and resource degradation. The question arises whether Machakos is unique. This study investigates the role of social capital in Machakos. Using principal component analysis, the authors estimate various dimensions of social capital and find significant differences between Machakos and two other Kenyan regions particularly when it comes to the formation of associations.展开更多
Chemical composition of groundwater reflects the historical evolvement of groundwater in an area. The Cluster Analysis method is introduced in this paper with descriptions of the principle for using this method, and i...Chemical composition of groundwater reflects the historical evolvement of groundwater in an area. The Cluster Analysis method is introduced in this paper with descriptions of the principle for using this method, and introducing the classification process for chemical types of groundwater by using this method. The classification by cluster analysis indicated that the results considered all chemical components of groundwater, which, therefore, is a good effect.展开更多
In the Lower Cheliff Plain （northwestern of Algeria）, the waters resources are limited; the adoption of a rational approach in the management of irrigation water in the irrigated perimeter poses an inequality in the...In the Lower Cheliff Plain （northwestern of Algeria）, the waters resources are limited; the adoption of a rational approach in the management of irrigation water in the irrigated perimeter poses an inequality in the balance between supply and demand. The two surface water resources, Gargar and Merdjet Sidi Abed dams, do not satisfy the requirements of agriculture water. According to the National Office of the Irrigation and Drainage data, the quantity of allocated water is never distributed; the difference between allocated water and drop water can also exceed 20%, and then, another problem of management is that the water losses in the distribution can reach 20% again. The shortage irrigation water resource allocated has constrained the farmers to use groundwater. The chemical analysis of 56 simples to this water showed a significant chemical diversity in the compositions. There is a high salinity risk （C3 class） or very high risk （C4 class） of soil salinisation. A space chart distribution to the EC water probability to exceed 2.25 dS/m interpolated by the indicator kriging method showed that 78% of the groundwater surface presents a significant probability to exceed this limit. The average value of the SAR （sodium adsorption ratio） is lower than 10 that indicates a moderate risk of sodisation. This observation is in contradiction with the high values of the SAR measured in the soil solution. The approach of residual alkalinity （RSC） shows that a good number of drillings analyzed presents a positive sign RSC （RSC 〉 0）. This water presents a real danger of sodisation. They have a low salinity, which, for a farmer, does not present any danger.展开更多
For sustainable water resource management,it is important to determine the relationship between streamfl ow and other variables that infl uence availability of water resources.However,many catchments do not have suffi...For sustainable water resource management,it is important to determine the relationship between streamfl ow and other variables that infl uence availability of water resources.However,many catchments do not have suffi cient data to allow for a more detailed study of these relationships.We faced a similar challenge in the Chengcun Basin(limited historical data: from 1986–1999); and therefore we used a new approach to overcome this.We found that,using nonparametric trend methods in conjunction with the climate elasticity analyses and the 2D visualization of hydrologic data,it is possible to assess the relationships between streamfl ow and other hydro-climatic variables.In the past,streamfl ow trends in the basin were more correlated with precipitation than with potential evapotranspiration(PET).In addition,there is a gradual shift in the hydrological regime of the catchment,which may affect the occurrence of available water resources and activities that depend on them.In addition,based on our climate sensitivity analyses,the streamfl ow is dependent and more sensitive to variations in precipitation than to PET(δQ=0.79δP+0.42δE; precipitation elasticity,ε P=1.32; PET elasticity,ε E=-2.10).Therefore pending more detailed studies,the use of our approach will provide a rapid means to assess the variation of water resources(streamfl ow)in a watershed.In the future,we hope to carry out related research in other watersheds and also perform a more detailed studies to improve upon the results of this study.展开更多
As an important foundation for promoting social progress and economic development, natural resources play an important role in the sustainable development of cities. However, the increasing demand of human beings for ...As an important foundation for promoting social progress and economic development, natural resources play an important role in the sustainable development of cities. However, the increasing demand of human beings for natural resources has led to various ecological environmental problems, such as excessive population density, serious environmental pollution, the continuous decline of total natural resources and per capita resources, all of which have hindered sustainable development. Therefore, the study of natural resources and sustainable development has become the focus of many current scholars. In this paper, CiteSpace is used as an analysis tool to analyze the literature on natural resources and sustainable development over the past 20 years. First of all, this paper deeply analyzes the research status of this field in terms of academic research trends, authors and research institutions, co-occurrence of keywords, etc., and on this basis, it then deeply analyzes its evolutionary path and research hot spots in the past 20 years through keyword emergence. Finally, according to the visualization of the analysis results, the future development trends of this research field are speculated:(1) Grasp the current research focus;(2) Improve the research accuracy;(3) Enrich the theoretical system of research;and(4) Establish an interdisciplinary research system.展开更多
In the field of law, particularly in the area of legal proceedings and other types of dispute settlement, judicial organs can achieve the best allocation of judicial resources by summary handling of the simple cases, ...In the field of law, particularly in the area of legal proceedings and other types of dispute settlement, judicial organs can achieve the best allocation of judicial resources by summary handling of the simple cases, which are in the majority, and optimizing the complex ones, which are in the minority. Summary handling of the simple majority means reducing the marginal cost of judicial activities in accord with the principle of simplifying procedures but not rights while improving judicial effectiveness and promoting judicial justice in a way predicated on protecting the fundamental rights of legal actors. According to quantitative analysis based on trials in which the defendant entered a plea of guilty, there is still plenty of room to optimize the resource allocation mechanism in the field of criminal justice. Implementing the summary procedure confirmed in the 2012 Criminal Procedure Law requires that the judicial organs guarantee defendants who have pleaded guilty the right to a lawyer. It also requires the improvement of judicial efficiency at the stages of investigation, bringing a case, and trial. Only by doing so can we scientifically allocate criminal justice resources overall and effectively promote judicial justice.展开更多
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.50539120)Natural Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of China(No.50525927)
文摘The methodology of visual simulation for a tunnel engineering construction schedule is presented. Visualization of simulation model, calculation and result of construction schedule simulation is realized, and the construction simulation and the resource optimization of tunnel engineering are made. A risk analysis and a decision-making method of tunnel engineering construction schedule based on visual simulation are presented. Furthermore, using S curve theory and schedule management method, the real-time management and control method of tunnel engineering construction based on visual simulation is presented. The application to the tunnel engineering construction schedule analysis and management shows the feasibility and effectiveness of the method presented in this paper.
文摘In Eastern Africa, the experience of Machakos has been heavily debated between Malthusians and the more optimistic Boserupians. Machakos was the epitome of overpopulation and resource degradation in the 1950s, but has since thrived. The Boserupians view Machakos as an illustration of how population growth can solve rather than exacerbate the vicious cycle of poverty and resource degradation. The question arises whether Machakos is unique. This study investigates the role of social capital in Machakos. Using principal component analysis, the authors estimate various dimensions of social capital and find significant differences between Machakos and two other Kenyan regions particularly when it comes to the formation of associations.
文摘Chemical composition of groundwater reflects the historical evolvement of groundwater in an area. The Cluster Analysis method is introduced in this paper with descriptions of the principle for using this method, and introducing the classification process for chemical types of groundwater by using this method. The classification by cluster analysis indicated that the results considered all chemical components of groundwater, which, therefore, is a good effect.
文摘In the Lower Cheliff Plain （northwestern of Algeria）, the waters resources are limited; the adoption of a rational approach in the management of irrigation water in the irrigated perimeter poses an inequality in the balance between supply and demand. The two surface water resources, Gargar and Merdjet Sidi Abed dams, do not satisfy the requirements of agriculture water. According to the National Office of the Irrigation and Drainage data, the quantity of allocated water is never distributed; the difference between allocated water and drop water can also exceed 20%, and then, another problem of management is that the water losses in the distribution can reach 20% again. The shortage irrigation water resource allocated has constrained the farmers to use groundwater. The chemical analysis of 56 simples to this water showed a significant chemical diversity in the compositions. There is a high salinity risk （C3 class） or very high risk （C4 class） of soil salinisation. A space chart distribution to the EC water probability to exceed 2.25 dS/m interpolated by the indicator kriging method showed that 78% of the groundwater surface presents a significant probability to exceed this limit. The average value of the SAR （sodium adsorption ratio） is lower than 10 that indicates a moderate risk of sodisation. This observation is in contradiction with the high values of the SAR measured in the soil solution. The approach of residual alkalinity （RSC） shows that a good number of drillings analyzed presents a positive sign RSC （RSC 〉 0）. This water presents a real danger of sodisation. They have a low salinity, which, for a farmer, does not present any danger.
基金Supported by the Hohai University Scholarship Schemethe National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41130639,51179045,41101017,412010208)the Innovation Program for Graduates in Jiangsu Province,China(No.CXZZ13_02)
文摘For sustainable water resource management,it is important to determine the relationship between streamfl ow and other variables that infl uence availability of water resources.However,many catchments do not have suffi cient data to allow for a more detailed study of these relationships.We faced a similar challenge in the Chengcun Basin(limited historical data: from 1986–1999); and therefore we used a new approach to overcome this.We found that,using nonparametric trend methods in conjunction with the climate elasticity analyses and the 2D visualization of hydrologic data,it is possible to assess the relationships between streamfl ow and other hydro-climatic variables.In the past,streamfl ow trends in the basin were more correlated with precipitation than with potential evapotranspiration(PET).In addition,there is a gradual shift in the hydrological regime of the catchment,which may affect the occurrence of available water resources and activities that depend on them.In addition,based on our climate sensitivity analyses,the streamfl ow is dependent and more sensitive to variations in precipitation than to PET(δQ=0.79δP+0.42δE; precipitation elasticity,ε P=1.32; PET elasticity,ε E=-2.10).Therefore pending more detailed studies,the use of our approach will provide a rapid means to assess the variation of water resources(streamfl ow)in a watershed.In the future,we hope to carry out related research in other watersheds and also perform a more detailed studies to improve upon the results of this study.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China (41601581)The Science Technology Plan Project for Construction Industry of Anhui Province (2011YF-32)。
文摘As an important foundation for promoting social progress and economic development, natural resources play an important role in the sustainable development of cities. However, the increasing demand of human beings for natural resources has led to various ecological environmental problems, such as excessive population density, serious environmental pollution, the continuous decline of total natural resources and per capita resources, all of which have hindered sustainable development. Therefore, the study of natural resources and sustainable development has become the focus of many current scholars. In this paper, CiteSpace is used as an analysis tool to analyze the literature on natural resources and sustainable development over the past 20 years. First of all, this paper deeply analyzes the research status of this field in terms of academic research trends, authors and research institutions, co-occurrence of keywords, etc., and on this basis, it then deeply analyzes its evolutionary path and research hot spots in the past 20 years through keyword emergence. Finally, according to the visualization of the analysis results, the future development trends of this research field are speculated:(1) Grasp the current research focus;(2) Improve the research accuracy;(3) Enrich the theoretical system of research;and(4) Establish an interdisciplinary research system.
文摘In the field of law, particularly in the area of legal proceedings and other types of dispute settlement, judicial organs can achieve the best allocation of judicial resources by summary handling of the simple cases, which are in the majority, and optimizing the complex ones, which are in the minority. Summary handling of the simple majority means reducing the marginal cost of judicial activities in accord with the principle of simplifying procedures but not rights while improving judicial effectiveness and promoting judicial justice in a way predicated on protecting the fundamental rights of legal actors. According to quantitative analysis based on trials in which the defendant entered a plea of guilty, there is still plenty of room to optimize the resource allocation mechanism in the field of criminal justice. Implementing the summary procedure confirmed in the 2012 Criminal Procedure Law requires that the judicial organs guarantee defendants who have pleaded guilty the right to a lawyer. It also requires the improvement of judicial efficiency at the stages of investigation, bringing a case, and trial. Only by doing so can we scientifically allocate criminal justice resources overall and effectively promote judicial justice.
