我国林业现状及整地、造林技术浅析

我国林业产业不断适应国民经济和社会发展的需求,林业产业由小到大、由弱变强,已经步入高速发展的快车道。去年,我国林业产业总产值达5860亿元;松香年产44万吨,出口量居世界首位;出口家具13亿件,出口数量居世界首位。经济林产品年产量也已达7000多万吨。林业产业已成为当地农村经济的支柱产业和农民增收的重要途径。据统计,中国目前林业产业的发展每年可解决4500多万劳动力的就业问题,大约占到农村剩余劳动力的37.5%。在南方集体林区158个林业重点县,农民收入的40%以上来自于林业产业。但是和国外林业相比,我国林业既有一定的优势,也有多方面的劣势,优势与劣势并存。所以我们还要重视营林建设,同时提出了一些整地、造林的方法,把我国林业溶入了国际林业体系中,与世界各国联系更加紧密,合作更加广泛。因此,要提高认识,学会运用整地、造林的方法,尽快使我国经济与国际经济接轨。

如何发挥高校信息资源优势向企业营销服务方向延伸

随着互联网信息的飞速发展,海量数据的堆积结构变得十分复杂。这对高校信息资源最大化优势发挥,为学子将来走向市场,努力向企业营销服务方向延伸提供了巨大的方向转变。高校中在人才资源上的优势,这也使得企业可利用高校中的人才资源优势,为企业提供技术上的支持工作。而随着当下高校与企业之间在合作频次上的不断增加,许多地区开始积极推动企业与高校之间的合作。在大数据背景下,高校必须不断增强教学管理水平,充分利用资源优势,加强信息化资源整合,向企业营销服务方向发展延伸。积极开展与高校的合作,推进校企合作实训基地的建设,可使得企业借助高校中的人才优势以及资源优势,并了解当下行业中最新科研成果,寻求自身在技术和产品上的突破,做好科研成果的转化,来提升自身竞争优势。

Current Situation and Development Countermeasures on Grassland Resource in Farming-pasturing Ecotone in West Jilin Province

Upon the current degradation situation of grassland in west Jilin Province,I analyzed the effects of natural factors and human activities on the degradation of grassland,and further purposefully put forward countermeasures on the remediation and development of grassland.As a conclusion,scientifically utilizing and protecting the grassland resources could suppress grassland degradation,promoting the sustainable development of regional economy.

A Floating Island Treatment System for the Removal of Phosphorus from Surface Waters

The goal of this project was to design, build, and test a pilot-scale floating modular treatment system for total phosphorus （TP） removal from nutrient-impaired lakes in central Florida, USA. The treatment sys-tem consisted of biological and physical-chemical treatment modules. First, investigations of prospective biological and physical-chemical treatment processes in mesocosms and in bench-scale experiments were conducted. Thirteen different mesocosms were constructed with a variety of substrates and combi-nations of macrophytes and tested for TP and orthophosphate （PO4-^3） removal efficiencies and potential areal removal rates. Bench-scale jar tests and column tests of seven types of absorptive media in addition to three commercial resins were conducted in order to test absorptive capacity. Once isolated process testing was complete, a floating island treatment system （FITS） was designed and deployed for eight months in a lake in central Florida. Phosphorus removal efficiencies of the mesocosm systems averaged about 40%-50%, providing an average uptake of 5.0 g.m ^2.a ^1 across all mesocosms. The best-performing mesocosms were a submerged aquatic vegetation （SAV） mesocosm and an algae scrubber （AGS）, which removed 20 and 50 mg.m ^2.d ^1, respectively, for an average removal of 5.5 and 12.0 g.m ^2.a ^1 for the SAV and AGS systems, Of the absorptive media, the best performance was alum residual （AR）, which reduced PO4-^3 concentrations by about 75% after 5 min of contact time. Of the commercial resins tested, the PhosX resin was superior to the others, removing about 40% of phosphorus after 30 rain and 60% after 60min. Under baseline operation conditions during deployment, the FITS exhibited mean PO4-^3 removal efficiencies of 53%; using the 50th and 90th percentile of PO4-^3 removal during deployment, and the footprint of the FITS system, yielded efficiencies for the combined FITS system of 56% and 86%, respectively, and areal phosphorus removal rates between 8.9 and 16.5 g.m ^2.a ^1

A New Method of Assessing Environmental Flows in Channelized Urban Rivers

Assessing environmental flows （e-flows） for urban rivers is important for water resources planning and river protection, Many e-flow assessment methods have been established based on species＇ habitat pro- vision requirements and pollutant dilution requirements, To avoid flood risk, however, many urban rivers have been transformed into straight, trapezoidal-profiled concrete channels, leading to the disappearance of valuable species, With the construction of water pollution-control projects, pollutant inputs into rivers have been effectively controlled in some urban rivers, For these rivers, the e-flows determined by tradi- tional methods will be very small, and will consequently lead to a low priority being given to river pro- tection in future water resources allocation and management, To more effectively assess the e-flows of channelized urban rivers, we propose three e-flow degrees, according to longitudinal hydrological con- nectivity （high, medium, and low）, in addition to the pollutant dilution water requirement determined by the mass-balance equation, In the high connectivity scenario, the intent is for the e-flows to maintain flow velocity, which can ensure the self-purification of rivers and reduce algal blooms; in the medium connectivity scenario, the intent is for the e-flows to permanently maintain the longitudinal hydrological connectivity of rivers that are isolated into several ponds by means of weirs, in order to ensure the exchange of material, energy, and information in rivers; and in the low connectivity scenario, the intent is for the e-flows to intermittently connect isolated ponds every few days （which is designed to further reduce e-flows）, The proposed methods have been used in Shiwuli River, China, to demonstrate their effectiveness, The new methods can offer more precise and realistic e-flow results and can effectively direct the construction and management of e-flow supply projects,

Uncertainty Quantification for Multivariate Eco-Hydrological Risk in the Xiangxi River within the Three Gorges Reservoir Area in China

This study develops a multivariate eco-hydrological risk-assessment framework based on the multivari-ate copula method in order to evaluate the occurrence of extreme eco-hydrological events for the Xiangxi River within the Three Gorges Reservoir （TGR） area in China. Parameter uncertainties in marginal distri-butions and dependence structure are quantified by a Markov chain Monte Carlo （MCMC） algorithm. Uncertainties in the joint return periods are evaluated based on the posterior distributions. The proba- bilistic features of bivariate and multivariate hydrological risk are also characterized. The results show that the obtained predictive intervals bracketed the observations well, especially for flood duration. The uncertainty for the joint return period in ＂AND＂ case increases with an increase in the return period for univariate flood variables. Furthermore, a low design discharge and high service time may lead to high bivariate hydrological risk with great uncertainty.

Creating Regional Tourism Standards in the Yangtze River Dalta Region

With the strategicdevelopment of regionaltourism cooperation in theYangtze River Delta region,acceleratingthe creation oftourism standards becomesparamount.Which organizationcould best develop tourismstandards and the principles oftourism standards are discussedin this paper.Thelong-term and short-term plansfor the creation of regionaltourism standards in theYangtze River Delta region arealso presented.