Under the increasing pressure of water shortage and steppe degradation, information on the hydrological cycle in steppe region in Inner Mongolia, China is urgently needed. An intensive investigation of the temporal va...Under the increasing pressure of water shortage and steppe degradation, information on the hydrological cycle in steppe region in Inner Mongolia, China is urgently needed. An intensive investigation of the temporal varia-tions of δD and δ^18O in precipitation was conducted in 2007-2008 in the Xilin River Basin, Inner Mongolia in the northern China. The 6D and δ^18O values for 54 precipitation samples range from ＋1.1%o to -34.7%0 and -3.0%0 to -269%0, respectively. This wide range indicates that stable isotopes in precipitation are primarily controlled by differ-ent condensation mechanisms as a function of air temperature and varying sources of vapor. The relationship between δD and δ^18O defined a well constrained line given by δD = 7.896180 ＋ 9.5, which is nearly identical to the Meteoric Water Line in the northern China. The temperature effect is clearly displayed in this area. The results of backward tra-jectory of each precipitation day show that the vapor of the precipitation in cold season （October to March） mainly originates from the west while the moisture source is more complicated in warm season （April to September）. A light precipitation amount effect existes at the precipitation event scale in this area. The vapor source of precipitation with higher d-excesses are mainly from the west wind or neighboring inland area and precipitation with lower d-excesses from a monsoon source from the southeastern China.展开更多
Overlay networks have emerged as a useful approach to providing a general framework for new applications and services that are to be implemented without significantly changing the IP-layer network infrastructure.Overl...Overlay networks have emerged as a useful approach to providing a general framework for new applications and services that are to be implemented without significantly changing the IP-layer network infrastructure.Overlay routing has been used as an alternative to the default best effort Internet routing for the absence of end-to-end Quality of Service(QoS). While the former has recently been investigated, the conflict of QoS restraints and resource optimization remains unsolved. Recent studies have shown that overlay paths can give better latency, loss rate and TCP throughput. In this paper, a multi-dimensional QoS objective model based on the analysis of multiple QoS constraints has been presented, and a routing algorithm to optimise the overlay resource of its nodes and links is then proposed.In fact, the algorithm obtained multiple QoS values using probability theory to achieve the routing according to the multi-dimensional QoS objective vector of the QoS objective model. Simulation results reveals that the algorithm works better than other existing algorithms in balancing the network resources, and applications with stringent QoS requirements could be run.展开更多
The aim of this study is to report the length-weight relationship parameters （a and b） for some economically important fish species from Iranian freshwaters. The length-weight relationships （LWR） are calculated fo...The aim of this study is to report the length-weight relationship parameters （a and b） for some economically important fish species from Iranian freshwaters. The length-weight relationships （LWR） are calculated for six freshwater fish species collected during 2006 and 2007 in Iran. The values of the exponent b in the LWR （W=aL^b） vary between 2.985 and 3.543. The LWR with high correlation coefficient （r^2） is significant for all the species. These parameters axe of great importance to evaluate the relative condition of populations, biology, species management and their fisheries and stock assessment. The application of the length-weight relationships presented here should be limited to the observed length ranges.展开更多
Accurate poverty alleviation refers to the poverty alleviation of different countries, different poor farmers situation, the use of compliance with the effective procedures for the implementation of accurate identific...Accurate poverty alleviation refers to the poverty alleviation of different countries, different poor farmers situation, the use of compliance with the effective procedures for the implementation of accurate identification of poverty alleviation, accurate help, precise management of the way of poverty, precision identification is the prerequisite and basis for precision poverty. How to improve the precision of poverty alleviation in our country is an urgent problem to be solved in the practice of poverty alleviation. To improve the precision of poverty alleviation, it is necessary to accurately identify the poverty alleviation. Based on the background of precision poverty alleviation, the concept and significance of precision identification of poverty alleviation are expounded. On this basis, the problems of precision assistance in practice are mainly reflected in the disjointedness and the sufficient quantity of poverty alleviation resources, Cancel the help process in the matching funds, help projects and poor households tied to help form a flexible and diverse aspects of response measures.展开更多
The present work is aimed at assessing the water quality index （WQI） for the groundwater for Gulbarga city. The water quality index （WQI） is a mathematical instrument used to transform large quantities of water qu...The present work is aimed at assessing the water quality index （WQI） for the groundwater for Gulbarga city. The water quality index （WQI） is a mathematical instrument used to transform large quantities of water quality data into a single number which represents the water quality level. In fact, developing WQI in an area is a fundamental process in the planning of land use and water resources management. One can then compare different samples for quality on the basis of the index value of each sample. The present work relates to the development of water quality index for the study area based on the experimental results of physicochemical analysis of water samples. For calculating the WQI, the following 11 parameters have been considered, pH, TH, Ca, Mg, NO3, SO4, TDS, F, CI, K and Na. The WQI for these samples ranges from 10.40 to 155. Using developed indices, groundwater isopleth map has been prepared for study area. In the case study, the WQI map reveals that groundwater quality in two areas is extremely near to mineral water quality. Created index map provides a comprehensive picture that is easily interpretable for regional decision makers for better planning and management. The results of analysis have been used to suggest models for predicting water quality. The analysis reveals that the groundwater of the area needs some degree of treatment before consumption, and it also needs to be protected from the perils of contamination.展开更多
Understanding the attributes of traditional, location-specific land-use systems will provide insights for improvement of such systems and design of new ones for wider applicability. The integrated rice ＋ fish system ...Understanding the attributes of traditional, location-specific land-use systems will provide insights for improvement of such systems and design of new ones for wider applicability. The integrated rice ＋ fish system developed by the Apatani tribe of Ziro valley, Arunachal Pradesh, Northeastern India is such a unique system. Faced with shortages of their staple food items （rice and fish）, these subsistence farmers developed this ingenious system--in preference to the wide-spread shifting cultivation in the region--by capitalizing on the good water supply （from rainfall supplemented by natural flow from hills surrounding the valley）. Two rice crops are grown annually and fish is reared in paddy fields during the main rainy season. Crop residues and animal wastes are the sources of nutrients to crops, chemical fertilizers and insecticides are not used. Over the years, rice yield has been stable at about 3,700 kg.ha-1.year-1. Recently, UNESCO has tentatively added the valley as a ＂world heritage site＂ recognizing its ＂extremely high productivity＂ and ＂unique＂ ecological preservation. The resilience and the sustainability of the system could be attributed to efficient nutrient cycling and nutrient input through water seeping in from surrounding hills, which have not been, but deserve to be, quantified.展开更多
In view of the problem of false alarm in imaging space-based laser warning system, the effects of sunlight and lightning on the threaten laser detection and attack event determination are studied by analyzing and calc...In view of the problem of false alarm in imaging space-based laser warning system, the effects of sunlight and lightning on the threaten laser detection and attack event determination are studied by analyzing and calculating the radiant energy density and space-time feature of imaging spot, respectively. The results show that the main false alarm resourses of space- based laser warning system are sunlight and lightning. The sunlight should exposure the detector directly in one ninth of the satfllite orbital period, and the imaging spot of sun is similar to the attack laser. The lightning imaging spot is similar to the illumination laser. About 1.4 lightning events can occur in the field of view （FOV） of the warning system per second. It could not discriminate spots of sun, lightning and threaten laser by the frame subtraction technology.展开更多
基金Under the auspices of Nation Basic Research Program of China(No.2007CB411502)German Science Foundation(Research Unit 536)Independent Research Project from State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science(No.SKLCS-ZZ-2010-02)
文摘Under the increasing pressure of water shortage and steppe degradation, information on the hydrological cycle in steppe region in Inner Mongolia, China is urgently needed. An intensive investigation of the temporal varia-tions of δD and δ^18O in precipitation was conducted in 2007-2008 in the Xilin River Basin, Inner Mongolia in the northern China. The 6D and δ^18O values for 54 precipitation samples range from ＋1.1%o to -34.7%0 and -3.0%0 to -269%0, respectively. This wide range indicates that stable isotopes in precipitation are primarily controlled by differ-ent condensation mechanisms as a function of air temperature and varying sources of vapor. The relationship between δD and δ^18O defined a well constrained line given by δD = 7.896180 ＋ 9.5, which is nearly identical to the Meteoric Water Line in the northern China. The temperature effect is clearly displayed in this area. The results of backward tra-jectory of each precipitation day show that the vapor of the precipitation in cold season （October to March） mainly originates from the west while the moisture source is more complicated in warm season （April to September）. A light precipitation amount effect existes at the precipitation event scale in this area. The vapor source of precipitation with higher d-excesses are mainly from the west wind or neighboring inland area and precipitation with lower d-excesses from a monsoon source from the southeastern China.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.61071126the National Science and Technology Major Projects of New Generation Broadband Wireless Mobile Communication Network under Grants No.2010ZX0300400201,No.2010ZX03003-001,No.2010ZX03004-001-01,No.2011ZX03002-001-02
文摘Overlay networks have emerged as a useful approach to providing a general framework for new applications and services that are to be implemented without significantly changing the IP-layer network infrastructure.Overlay routing has been used as an alternative to the default best effort Internet routing for the absence of end-to-end Quality of Service(QoS). While the former has recently been investigated, the conflict of QoS restraints and resource optimization remains unsolved. Recent studies have shown that overlay paths can give better latency, loss rate and TCP throughput. In this paper, a multi-dimensional QoS objective model based on the analysis of multiple QoS constraints has been presented, and a routing algorithm to optimise the overlay resource of its nodes and links is then proposed.In fact, the algorithm obtained multiple QoS values using probability theory to achieve the routing according to the multi-dimensional QoS objective vector of the QoS objective model. Simulation results reveals that the algorithm works better than other existing algorithms in balancing the network resources, and applications with stringent QoS requirements could be run.
文摘The aim of this study is to report the length-weight relationship parameters （a and b） for some economically important fish species from Iranian freshwaters. The length-weight relationships （LWR） are calculated for six freshwater fish species collected during 2006 and 2007 in Iran. The values of the exponent b in the LWR （W=aL^b） vary between 2.985 and 3.543. The LWR with high correlation coefficient （r^2） is significant for all the species. These parameters axe of great importance to evaluate the relative condition of populations, biology, species management and their fisheries and stock assessment. The application of the length-weight relationships presented here should be limited to the observed length ranges.
文摘Accurate poverty alleviation refers to the poverty alleviation of different countries, different poor farmers situation, the use of compliance with the effective procedures for the implementation of accurate identification of poverty alleviation, accurate help, precise management of the way of poverty, precision identification is the prerequisite and basis for precision poverty. How to improve the precision of poverty alleviation in our country is an urgent problem to be solved in the practice of poverty alleviation. To improve the precision of poverty alleviation, it is necessary to accurately identify the poverty alleviation. Based on the background of precision poverty alleviation, the concept and significance of precision identification of poverty alleviation are expounded. On this basis, the problems of precision assistance in practice are mainly reflected in the disjointedness and the sufficient quantity of poverty alleviation resources, Cancel the help process in the matching funds, help projects and poor households tied to help form a flexible and diverse aspects of response measures.
文摘The present work is aimed at assessing the water quality index （WQI） for the groundwater for Gulbarga city. The water quality index （WQI） is a mathematical instrument used to transform large quantities of water quality data into a single number which represents the water quality level. In fact, developing WQI in an area is a fundamental process in the planning of land use and water resources management. One can then compare different samples for quality on the basis of the index value of each sample. The present work relates to the development of water quality index for the study area based on the experimental results of physicochemical analysis of water samples. For calculating the WQI, the following 11 parameters have been considered, pH, TH, Ca, Mg, NO3, SO4, TDS, F, CI, K and Na. The WQI for these samples ranges from 10.40 to 155. Using developed indices, groundwater isopleth map has been prepared for study area. In the case study, the WQI map reveals that groundwater quality in two areas is extremely near to mineral water quality. Created index map provides a comprehensive picture that is easily interpretable for regional decision makers for better planning and management. The results of analysis have been used to suggest models for predicting water quality. The analysis reveals that the groundwater of the area needs some degree of treatment before consumption, and it also needs to be protected from the perils of contamination.
文摘Understanding the attributes of traditional, location-specific land-use systems will provide insights for improvement of such systems and design of new ones for wider applicability. The integrated rice ＋ fish system developed by the Apatani tribe of Ziro valley, Arunachal Pradesh, Northeastern India is such a unique system. Faced with shortages of their staple food items （rice and fish）, these subsistence farmers developed this ingenious system--in preference to the wide-spread shifting cultivation in the region--by capitalizing on the good water supply （from rainfall supplemented by natural flow from hills surrounding the valley）. Two rice crops are grown annually and fish is reared in paddy fields during the main rainy season. Crop residues and animal wastes are the sources of nutrients to crops, chemical fertilizers and insecticides are not used. Over the years, rice yield has been stable at about 3,700 kg.ha-1.year-1. Recently, UNESCO has tentatively added the valley as a ＂world heritage site＂ recognizing its ＂extremely high productivity＂ and ＂unique＂ ecological preservation. The resilience and the sustainability of the system could be attributed to efficient nutrient cycling and nutrient input through water seeping in from surrounding hills, which have not been, but deserve to be, quantified.
文摘In view of the problem of false alarm in imaging space-based laser warning system, the effects of sunlight and lightning on the threaten laser detection and attack event determination are studied by analyzing and calculating the radiant energy density and space-time feature of imaging spot, respectively. The results show that the main false alarm resourses of space- based laser warning system are sunlight and lightning. The sunlight should exposure the detector directly in one ninth of the satfllite orbital period, and the imaging spot of sun is similar to the attack laser. The lightning imaging spot is similar to the illumination laser. About 1.4 lightning events can occur in the field of view （FOV） of the warning system per second. It could not discriminate spots of sun, lightning and threaten laser by the frame subtraction technology.
