This study examines the management of service qua lity in fashion retail operation. The human resources processes leading to external service quality are consolidated into a quality management framework. With refer...This study examines the management of service qua lity in fashion retail operation. The human resources processes leading to external service quality are consolidated into a quality management framework. With reference to the framework, the factors, their importance and relationships within each process are established by the responses of practicing salespersons. A clear picture of the underlying management mechanisms leading to strong sales forces and service quality are produced. Retail management is required to better establish and manage the human resource.展开更多
Overlay networks have emerged as a useful approach to providing a general framework for new applications and services that are to be implemented without significantly changing the IP-layer network infrastructure.Overl...Overlay networks have emerged as a useful approach to providing a general framework for new applications and services that are to be implemented without significantly changing the IP-layer network infrastructure.Overlay routing has been used as an alternative to the default best effort Internet routing for the absence of end-to-end Quality of Service(QoS). While the former has recently been investigated, the conflict of QoS restraints and resource optimization remains unsolved. Recent studies have shown that overlay paths can give better latency, loss rate and TCP throughput. In this paper, a multi-dimensional QoS objective model based on the analysis of multiple QoS constraints has been presented, and a routing algorithm to optimise the overlay resource of its nodes and links is then proposed.In fact, the algorithm obtained multiple QoS values using probability theory to achieve the routing according to the multi-dimensional QoS objective vector of the QoS objective model. Simulation results reveals that the algorithm works better than other existing algorithms in balancing the network resources, and applications with stringent QoS requirements could be run.展开更多
Small cells have been regarded as an appealing technique to boost resource reuse ratio. On the other hand, their large-scale and self-organised tendency would complicate the interference environment of mobile networks...Small cells have been regarded as an appealing technique to boost resource reuse ratio. On the other hand, their large-scale and self-organised tendency would complicate the interference environment of mobile networks. Meanwhile, traffic class is booming in recent years, which leads to higher demand for net- work designers on Quality of Service （QoS） provision, and therefore users＇ diverse re- quirements may not be guaranteed in sucff＇an interference limited scenario. To maximise the number of users with QoS demands as well as resource reuse ratio, we formulate the resource allocation problem into a multi-objective l0 norm form. It is shown to be NP hard, and an iterative method is employed to approach the optimal solution. Because of its limit of being not adaptive to large-scale networks, we also design a heuristic method based on chordal graph, which, however, could result in per- formance loss when the size of networks is small. Finally, by combining these two meth- ods, we devise a hybrid algorithm such that the allocation performs both efficiently and effectively. Simulation results illustrate the performance of our proposed methods in terms of outage probability and resource reuse ratio.展开更多
Resource reservation is an effective measure to ensure end-to-end quality of service （QoS）, however, the burstyness of the traffic makes the reservation idle some time, and forms a waste of re- sources. Based on the...Resource reservation is an effective measure to ensure end-to-end quality of service （QoS）, however, the burstyness of the traffic makes the reservation idle some time, and forms a waste of re- sources. Based on the analysis of active queue management （AQM） of DiffServ network, we propose a resource management scheme, which allows borrowing resources from unused reservation, accord- ing to the characteristics and advantages of cognitive networks. First, some nodes reserve certain proportion capacity for some special services （for instance, some services pay additional money） to guarantee the priority of these applications. Then resources are assigned according to the different parameters of services. If the available resource can not meet the requirements of new services, real- time ones are admitted with higher priority and allow borrowing the unused reservation from other nodes appropriately. Simulations show that, the proposed scheme has good performance at network resource utilization, the admission rate of new aDolications and OoS of users.展开更多
This paper utilizes the cross-layer architecture to implement adaptive resource allocation in Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access （OFDMA） based on the broadband wireless access system. According to the cro...This paper utilizes the cross-layer architecture to implement adaptive resource allocation in Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access （OFDMA） based on the broadband wireless access system. According to the cross-layer architecture, the information in link layer is used for adaptive resource allocation in OFMDA. A new cross-layer adaptive resource allocation algorithm is developed which can guarantee the users to be in minimum average waiting time in link-layer and get the better spectrum utilization. Numerical results show that our scheme is appealing and can get about half of average waiting time less and 0.5 bps/Hz spectrum utilization more than the scheme in 1EEE802.16a.展开更多
Hybrid optical switching networks make full use of the advantages of Optical Circuit Switching(OCS)and Optical Burst Switching(OBS).In parallel hybrid optical switching networks,edge nodes choose a switching mode for ...Hybrid optical switching networks make full use of the advantages of Optical Circuit Switching(OCS)and Optical Burst Switching(OBS).In parallel hybrid optical switching networks,edge nodes choose a switching mode for traffic and no longer change.The inflexible decision making of the traffic transfer mode leads to low resource utilization when the arrival rate of the OCS traffic is lower than the capacity of the light path.In this paper,a new transmission scheme is proposed to improve resource utilization for hybrid optical switching networks.When the traffic arrival rate of the light path is lower than the transmission rate of the light path,the OCS traffic flow is reshaped at the edge nodes to generate a series of voids.Then,several message packets are sent along the light path to inform the core nodes of the voids of the light paths that represent the unused bandwidth resources.To improve the resource utilization,the voids can be filled with data bursts by core nodes.The simulation results show that the new scheme can effectively reduce the burst loss rate and improve the link utilization of the hybrid optical switching network on the premise of a providing service quality guarantee for OCS traffic.展开更多
文摘This study examines the management of service qua lity in fashion retail operation. The human resources processes leading to external service quality are consolidated into a quality management framework. With reference to the framework, the factors, their importance and relationships within each process are established by the responses of practicing salespersons. A clear picture of the underlying management mechanisms leading to strong sales forces and service quality are produced. Retail management is required to better establish and manage the human resource.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.61071126the National Science and Technology Major Projects of New Generation Broadband Wireless Mobile Communication Network under Grants No.2010ZX0300400201,No.2010ZX03003-001,No.2010ZX03004-001-01,No.2011ZX03002-001-02
文摘Overlay networks have emerged as a useful approach to providing a general framework for new applications and services that are to be implemented without significantly changing the IP-layer network infrastructure.Overlay routing has been used as an alternative to the default best effort Internet routing for the absence of end-to-end Quality of Service(QoS). While the former has recently been investigated, the conflict of QoS restraints and resource optimization remains unsolved. Recent studies have shown that overlay paths can give better latency, loss rate and TCP throughput. In this paper, a multi-dimensional QoS objective model based on the analysis of multiple QoS constraints has been presented, and a routing algorithm to optimise the overlay resource of its nodes and links is then proposed.In fact, the algorithm obtained multiple QoS values using probability theory to achieve the routing according to the multi-dimensional QoS objective vector of the QoS objective model. Simulation results reveals that the algorithm works better than other existing algorithms in balancing the network resources, and applications with stringent QoS requirements could be run.
基金ACKNOWLEDGEMENT First, thanks for the invitation from the organ- isers of IEEE/CIC ICCC 2013 held in Xi＇an, China. This work was supported by the Na- tional Natural Science Foundation of China under Grants No. 60972047, No. 61231008 the National Science and Technology Major Project under Grams No. 2011ZX03005-004, No. 2011ZX03004-003, No. 2011ZX03005- 003-03, No. 2013ZX03004007-003+4 种基金 the Shannxi 13115 Project under Grant No. 2010ZDKG-26 the National Basic Research Program of China （973 Program） under Grant No. 2009CB320404 the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Inn- ovative Research Team in University under Gr- ant No. IRT0852 the 111 Project under Grant No. B08038 and the State Key Laboratory Fou- ndation under Grants No. ISN1002005, No. ISN090305.
文摘Small cells have been regarded as an appealing technique to boost resource reuse ratio. On the other hand, their large-scale and self-organised tendency would complicate the interference environment of mobile networks. Meanwhile, traffic class is booming in recent years, which leads to higher demand for net- work designers on Quality of Service （QoS） provision, and therefore users＇ diverse re- quirements may not be guaranteed in sucff＇an interference limited scenario. To maximise the number of users with QoS demands as well as resource reuse ratio, we formulate the resource allocation problem into a multi-objective l0 norm form. It is shown to be NP hard, and an iterative method is employed to approach the optimal solution. Because of its limit of being not adaptive to large-scale networks, we also design a heuristic method based on chordal graph, which, however, could result in per- formance loss when the size of networks is small. Finally, by combining these two meth- ods, we devise a hybrid algorithm such that the allocation performs both efficiently and effectively. Simulation results illustrate the performance of our proposed methods in terms of outage probability and resource reuse ratio.
基金Supported by the High Technology Research and Development Program of China(No.2009AA01Z211)the Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities of China(No.2009YJS034)+1 种基金Beijing Nature Science Foundation of China(No.4112044)the Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higer Education of China(No.20120009110009)
文摘Resource reservation is an effective measure to ensure end-to-end quality of service （QoS）, however, the burstyness of the traffic makes the reservation idle some time, and forms a waste of re- sources. Based on the analysis of active queue management （AQM） of DiffServ network, we propose a resource management scheme, which allows borrowing resources from unused reservation, accord- ing to the characteristics and advantages of cognitive networks. First, some nodes reserve certain proportion capacity for some special services （for instance, some services pay additional money） to guarantee the priority of these applications. Then resources are assigned according to the different parameters of services. If the available resource can not meet the requirements of new services, real- time ones are admitted with higher priority and allow borrowing the unused reservation from other nodes appropriately. Simulations show that, the proposed scheme has good performance at network resource utilization, the admission rate of new aDolications and OoS of users.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.60072048) the Doctoral Program Fund of Ministry of Education of China (No.20010561007).
文摘This paper utilizes the cross-layer architecture to implement adaptive resource allocation in Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access （OFDMA） based on the broadband wireless access system. According to the cross-layer architecture, the information in link layer is used for adaptive resource allocation in OFMDA. A new cross-layer adaptive resource allocation algorithm is developed which can guarantee the users to be in minimum average waiting time in link-layer and get the better spectrum utilization. Numerical results show that our scheme is appealing and can get about half of average waiting time less and 0.5 bps/Hz spectrum utilization more than the scheme in 1EEE802.16a.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program)under Grant No.2012CB315800the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grants No.61275077,No.61071117,No.61171158,No.61102131+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation Project of CQ,CSTC under GrantsNo.2009BB2285,No.2008BB2414,No.2010BB2413,No.2010BB2409,No.2010BB2413the Projects of the Education Council of Chongqing under Grants No.KJ080513,No.KJ080522,No.KJ110519,No.KJ110527
文摘Hybrid optical switching networks make full use of the advantages of Optical Circuit Switching(OCS)and Optical Burst Switching(OBS).In parallel hybrid optical switching networks,edge nodes choose a switching mode for traffic and no longer change.The inflexible decision making of the traffic transfer mode leads to low resource utilization when the arrival rate of the OCS traffic is lower than the capacity of the light path.In this paper,a new transmission scheme is proposed to improve resource utilization for hybrid optical switching networks.When the traffic arrival rate of the light path is lower than the transmission rate of the light path,the OCS traffic flow is reshaped at the edge nodes to generate a series of voids.Then,several message packets are sent along the light path to inform the core nodes of the voids of the light paths that represent the unused bandwidth resources.To improve the resource utilization,the voids can be filled with data bursts by core nodes.The simulation results show that the new scheme can effectively reduce the burst loss rate and improve the link utilization of the hybrid optical switching network on the premise of a providing service quality guarantee for OCS traffic.
