China has won the name of the world factory being famous for exporting a great deal of and various kinds of low-price merchandise. However, most of Chinese exports are primary goods or manufactured products that creat...China has won the name of the world factory being famous for exporting a great deal of and various kinds of low-price merchandise. However, most of Chinese exports are primary goods or manufactured products that create heavy pollution and require intensive use of resources. Chinese products go abroad, but their following harms stay behind. The article analyzes many obvious low-price facts in China and their concomitant terrible environmental results in detail, and points out that there are huge hidden troubles in the way of China’s sustainable development behind her seemingly flourishing economy.展开更多
Biofuels could contribute, on a worldwide basis, to the attainment of international energy-policy objectives in three ways： by reducing dependence on imported oil; by increasing the availability of renewable energy s...Biofuels could contribute, on a worldwide basis, to the attainment of international energy-policy objectives in three ways： by reducing dependence on imported oil; by increasing the availability of renewable energy sources; and by dealing with environmental issues. One such environmental issue is the unsustainable use of agricultural land. There is a need in South Africa there to convert to sustainable and renewable energy resources, such as biofuels, but the production of biofuels will ultimately place pressure on the limited and fragile agricultural resources of the country. This paper sets out firstly to investigate national agricultural policies which could impact on the production of biofuels. It points out that national agricultural policies are hampering the domestic production of biofuels in that the focus is on land reform and increasing the volume of agricultural exports, whereas the provision of food and energy to meet domestic needs features only as a secondary aim. The second objective of this paper is to investigate the possibility of utilising energy crops for biofuel production in South Africa. Annual agricultural production, surplus import and export figures, provide an indication of the capacity of South African farmers to produce crops for biofuel production.展开更多
The aim of this study is to enhance the recycled PVC （polyvinyl chloride） related material property by formulation technology and develop the recycling product processing technology furthermore develop the chemical ...The aim of this study is to enhance the recycled PVC （polyvinyl chloride） related material property by formulation technology and develop the recycling product processing technology furthermore develop the chemical recycling technology for last stage of PVC wastes. The formulation technology is composed of pre-treatment （crushing, separation etc.） and post-treatment （material ratio, additives, stabilizer etc.） to enhance the recyclate property. The formulation for recycled PVC by application basis and processing technology is applied to produce the structural product for civil and construction application such as pipe fittings and water drainage cap for environmental waterway. Also chemical recycling technology for end life PVC scrap which causes environmental pollution by incineration or landfill is studied for producing hydrocarbon and hydrogen chloride for VCM.展开更多
Rupa Lake is small advancing eutrophic lake covering about 115 ha of the Lekhnath Municipality in Kaski district of western Nepal. The environment around the lake has been improved over a period of 10 years. Conservat...Rupa Lake is small advancing eutrophic lake covering about 115 ha of the Lekhnath Municipality in Kaski district of western Nepal. The environment around the lake has been improved over a period of 10 years. Conservation practices were initiated by communities including the Rupa Lake Restoration and Fishery Cooperative （RLRFC）. As a result, an abundance of non-timber Forest Products （NTFP） has increased considerably. At present, 49 NTFP are available in the lake basin. Some households （HH） i.e 10% has additional income from NTFP. It is an indirect source of food security for local people. They sell NTFP products to generate income. A few households have already started farming of NTFPs. Availability of fodder and fuel wood from community forest has significantly contributed to the livelihoods of people where as wild edible fruits and vegetables have become supplementary for food security. There is yearly food security for 57% of HH with 22% having surplus food. 5% of HH has food security for less than three months where as 19% HHs have food security for more than six months. However, livelihood and nutritional security have improved by fish farming in lake. This lake is most important for the local environment and also helps eco-tourism. The study found that 92% observed the climate change in the form of a rise in temperature （〉 70% HHs）; unpredictable rainfall （〉 75% HHs）; shifting rainfall （〉 60% HHs）; phonological changes （〉 50%）. It showed that the lake supports the restoration of natural water capacity, maintain local climate and sound environment by better natural resource management for an environment friendly ecosystem.展开更多
Functional knowledge integration is the initial and core phase of a design process. It is the key phase to ensure that the functional requirement of the design product can be appropriately complied with, and its resul...Functional knowledge integration is the initial and core phase of a design process. It is the key phase to ensure that the functional requirement of the design product can be appropriately complied with, and its result is also the rudiment of the subsequent detailed design work. If this important phase can be supported by an increasingly distributed resource environment, and be automated such that its completion requires less manual work, the efficiency of the design process would be largely improved and its ability to promote innovation would be enhanced. Therefore, this study involved a detailed analysis of the functional knowledge integration of the design process, as well as the proposal of a corresponding running model. Based on the model, a computational algorithm and an evaluating method were established to automate functional knowledge integration. A corresponding computer program was developed to prove the feasibility of this approach, and it was used to design a solarpowered wiper blade.展开更多
文摘China has won the name of the world factory being famous for exporting a great deal of and various kinds of low-price merchandise. However, most of Chinese exports are primary goods or manufactured products that create heavy pollution and require intensive use of resources. Chinese products go abroad, but their following harms stay behind. The article analyzes many obvious low-price facts in China and their concomitant terrible environmental results in detail, and points out that there are huge hidden troubles in the way of China’s sustainable development behind her seemingly flourishing economy.
文摘Biofuels could contribute, on a worldwide basis, to the attainment of international energy-policy objectives in three ways： by reducing dependence on imported oil; by increasing the availability of renewable energy sources; and by dealing with environmental issues. One such environmental issue is the unsustainable use of agricultural land. There is a need in South Africa there to convert to sustainable and renewable energy resources, such as biofuels, but the production of biofuels will ultimately place pressure on the limited and fragile agricultural resources of the country. This paper sets out firstly to investigate national agricultural policies which could impact on the production of biofuels. It points out that national agricultural policies are hampering the domestic production of biofuels in that the focus is on land reform and increasing the volume of agricultural exports, whereas the provision of food and energy to meet domestic needs features only as a secondary aim. The second objective of this paper is to investigate the possibility of utilising energy crops for biofuel production in South Africa. Annual agricultural production, surplus import and export figures, provide an indication of the capacity of South African farmers to produce crops for biofuel production.
文摘The aim of this study is to enhance the recycled PVC （polyvinyl chloride） related material property by formulation technology and develop the recycling product processing technology furthermore develop the chemical recycling technology for last stage of PVC wastes. The formulation technology is composed of pre-treatment （crushing, separation etc.） and post-treatment （material ratio, additives, stabilizer etc.） to enhance the recyclate property. The formulation for recycled PVC by application basis and processing technology is applied to produce the structural product for civil and construction application such as pipe fittings and water drainage cap for environmental waterway. Also chemical recycling technology for end life PVC scrap which causes environmental pollution by incineration or landfill is studied for producing hydrocarbon and hydrogen chloride for VCM.
文摘Rupa Lake is small advancing eutrophic lake covering about 115 ha of the Lekhnath Municipality in Kaski district of western Nepal. The environment around the lake has been improved over a period of 10 years. Conservation practices were initiated by communities including the Rupa Lake Restoration and Fishery Cooperative （RLRFC）. As a result, an abundance of non-timber Forest Products （NTFP） has increased considerably. At present, 49 NTFP are available in the lake basin. Some households （HH） i.e 10% has additional income from NTFP. It is an indirect source of food security for local people. They sell NTFP products to generate income. A few households have already started farming of NTFPs. Availability of fodder and fuel wood from community forest has significantly contributed to the livelihoods of people where as wild edible fruits and vegetables have become supplementary for food security. There is yearly food security for 57% of HH with 22% having surplus food. 5% of HH has food security for less than three months where as 19% HHs have food security for more than six months. However, livelihood and nutritional security have improved by fish farming in lake. This lake is most important for the local environment and also helps eco-tourism. The study found that 92% observed the climate change in the form of a rise in temperature （〉 70% HHs）; unpredictable rainfall （〉 75% HHs）; shifting rainfall （〉 60% HHs）; phonological changes （〉 50%）. It showed that the lake supports the restoration of natural water capacity, maintain local climate and sound environment by better natural resource management for an environment friendly ecosystem.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51575342)
文摘Functional knowledge integration is the initial and core phase of a design process. It is the key phase to ensure that the functional requirement of the design product can be appropriately complied with, and its result is also the rudiment of the subsequent detailed design work. If this important phase can be supported by an increasingly distributed resource environment, and be automated such that its completion requires less manual work, the efficiency of the design process would be largely improved and its ability to promote innovation would be enhanced. Therefore, this study involved a detailed analysis of the functional knowledge integration of the design process, as well as the proposal of a corresponding running model. Based on the model, a computational algorithm and an evaluating method were established to automate functional knowledge integration. A corresponding computer program was developed to prove the feasibility of this approach, and it was used to design a solarpowered wiper blade.
