In the age of online workload explosion,cloud users are increasing exponentialy.Therefore,large scale data centers are required in cloud environment that leads to high energy consumption.Hence,optimal resource utiliza...In the age of online workload explosion,cloud users are increasing exponentialy.Therefore,large scale data centers are required in cloud environment that leads to high energy consumption.Hence,optimal resource utilization is essential to improve energy efficiency of cloud data center.Although,most of the existing literature focuses on virtual machine(VM)consolidation for increasing energy efficiency at the cost of service level agreement degradation.In order to improve the existing approaches,load aware three-gear THReshold(LATHR)as well as modified best fit decreasing(MBFD)algorithm is proposed for minimizing total energy consumption while improving the quality of service in terms of SLA.It offers promising results under dynamic workload and variable number of VMs(1-290)allocated on individual host.The outcomes of the proposed work are measured in terms of SLA,energy consumption,instruction energy ratio(IER)and the number of migrations against the varied numbers of VMs.From experimental results it has been concluded that the proposed technique reduced the SLA violations(55%,26%and 39%)and energy consumption(17%,12%and 6%)as compared to median absolute deviation(MAD),inter quartile range(IQR)and double threshold(THR)overload detection policies,respectively.展开更多
Cost-effectiveness analysis（CEA） is increasingly important in health care decision making.Cost-effectiveness threshold is a critical parameter in the cost-effectiveness analysis.This review introduces the concept of...Cost-effectiveness analysis（CEA） is increasingly important in health care decision making.Cost-effectiveness threshold is a critical parameter in the cost-effectiveness analysis.This review introduces the concept of cost-effectiveness threshold, summarizes its determining methods,and classifies the existing methods into two kinds according to budget constraints,then analyzes the merit and demerit of every methods.When there is a flexible budget,the methods for determining the cost-effectiveness threshold include inferring the threshold from previous decisions,comparison with other health care technology or transfer from elsewhere in the public sector,social willingness-to-pay approach,GDP per capita criteria,and rule of thumb.When there is a fixed budget,the methods for determining the cost-effectiveness threshold include shadow price approach,opportunity cost approach,and ICER threshold-searcher model.Each approach to determining threshold has its strength and weakness.The aim of this article is to introduce the existing methods and discuss the features of each method.The background information,such as the definition of threshold,is also described.The basic theory of cost-effectiveness threshold is elaborated,and we recommend the establishment of a cost-effectiveness threshold in the Chinese health care.展开更多
The quantum teleportation with the entangled thermai state is investigated based on the completely anisotropie Heisenberg chain in the presence of the externally inhomogeneous magnetic field. The effects of the anisot...The quantum teleportation with the entangled thermai state is investigated based on the completely anisotropie Heisenberg chain in the presence of the externally inhomogeneous magnetic field. The effects of the anisotropy and magnetic field for the quantum fidelity are studied in detail The zero temperature limit and the features of the nonzero temperature for this nonclassical fdelity are obtained. We find that the quantum teleportation demands more stringent conditions than the therma/ entanglement of the resource by investigating the threshold temperature of the thermal concurrence and the criticai temperature of the maximai teleportation fidelity. The useful quantum teleportation should avoid the point of the phase transition of the system and the anisotropy of the chain and the external magnetic field can control the applicability of the resource in the quantum teleportation.展开更多
文摘In the age of online workload explosion,cloud users are increasing exponentialy.Therefore,large scale data centers are required in cloud environment that leads to high energy consumption.Hence,optimal resource utilization is essential to improve energy efficiency of cloud data center.Although,most of the existing literature focuses on virtual machine(VM)consolidation for increasing energy efficiency at the cost of service level agreement degradation.In order to improve the existing approaches,load aware three-gear THReshold(LATHR)as well as modified best fit decreasing(MBFD)algorithm is proposed for minimizing total energy consumption while improving the quality of service in terms of SLA.It offers promising results under dynamic workload and variable number of VMs(1-290)allocated on individual host.The outcomes of the proposed work are measured in terms of SLA,energy consumption,instruction energy ratio(IER)and the number of migrations against the varied numbers of VMs.From experimental results it has been concluded that the proposed technique reduced the SLA violations(55%,26%and 39%)and energy consumption(17%,12%and 6%)as compared to median absolute deviation(MAD),inter quartile range(IQR)and double threshold(THR)overload detection policies,respectively.
文摘Cost-effectiveness analysis（CEA） is increasingly important in health care decision making.Cost-effectiveness threshold is a critical parameter in the cost-effectiveness analysis.This review introduces the concept of cost-effectiveness threshold, summarizes its determining methods,and classifies the existing methods into two kinds according to budget constraints,then analyzes the merit and demerit of every methods.When there is a flexible budget,the methods for determining the cost-effectiveness threshold include inferring the threshold from previous decisions,comparison with other health care technology or transfer from elsewhere in the public sector,social willingness-to-pay approach,GDP per capita criteria,and rule of thumb.When there is a fixed budget,the methods for determining the cost-effectiveness threshold include shadow price approach,opportunity cost approach,and ICER threshold-searcher model.Each approach to determining threshold has its strength and weakness.The aim of this article is to introduce the existing methods and discuss the features of each method.The background information,such as the definition of threshold,is also described.The basic theory of cost-effectiveness threshold is elaborated,and we recommend the establishment of a cost-effectiveness threshold in the Chinese health care.
基金Supported by the Special Research Fund Provided by the Chonnam National University
文摘The quantum teleportation with the entangled thermai state is investigated based on the completely anisotropie Heisenberg chain in the presence of the externally inhomogeneous magnetic field. The effects of the anisotropy and magnetic field for the quantum fidelity are studied in detail The zero temperature limit and the features of the nonzero temperature for this nonclassical fdelity are obtained. We find that the quantum teleportation demands more stringent conditions than the therma/ entanglement of the resource by investigating the threshold temperature of the thermal concurrence and the criticai temperature of the maximai teleportation fidelity. The useful quantum teleportation should avoid the point of the phase transition of the system and the anisotropy of the chain and the external magnetic field can control the applicability of the resource in the quantum teleportation.
