“侬既剪云鬟,郎亦分丝发”——谈《红楼梦》中的赠发习俗

赠发习俗来源于古代婚礼中的"结发"仪式,在唐宋时期成为青年男女表达爱情的重要方式,并演变为婚礼中的"合髻"仪式。在宋代以后的小说、戏曲作品中,赠发情节曾经反复出现,并在故事的发展过程中发挥了重要的作用。《红楼梦》中的赠发情节发生在贾琏与多姑娘之间,赠发只具有形式上的意义而丧失了表达真挚爱情的内涵,在艺术上具有了强烈的讽刺色彩。

Donor safety in adult living donor liver transplantation using the right lobe: Single center experience in China

AIM: To evaluate the safety of donors in adult living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) using the right lobe in a single liver transplantation center in China. METHODS: We investigated retrospectively 52 living donor liver resections performed from October 2003 to July 2006. All patients were evaluated by blood tests and abdominal CT. The mean donor age was 28.2 ± 7.4 years. Residual liver volume was 42.1% ± 4.7%. Mean operative time was 420 ± 76.2 min; mean ICU stay, less than 36 h; mean hospital stay, 16.4 ± 8.6 d; and mean follow-up period, 6 mo. RESULTS: There was no mortality. The overall complication rate was 40% (21 donors). Major complications included biliary leak in two, and pneumonia in 2 donors. Minor complications included mild pleural effusion in 12 donors, transient ascites in 6, mild depression in 4, intra-abdominal collections in 2, and wound infections in 1 donor. Residual liver volume did not affect the complication rate. None required re- operation. Return to pre-donation activity occurred within 5-8 wk. CONCLUSION: Right hemi-hepatectomy can be performed safely with minimal risk in cases of careful donor selection. Major complications occurred in only 7.7% of our series.

是才弱还是心不能远?——重读谢朓诗二首

钟嵘《诗品》说谢眺的诗“一章之中，自有玉石。然奇章秀句，往往警遒。”并且说谢眺之诗“善自发诗端，而末篇多踬，此意锐而才弱也。”从某种意义上说，这是很到位的评价。所以后来的人们评说谢眺时，往往赞其诗歌之发端或叹其佳句之“灵妙之心，英秀之骨，幽恬之气”，批评“其病乃在才之不继”，写到篇末，“每苦气竭”等等。却少有人注意到钟嵘所说的“意锐”。我觉得这恰恰是谢眺为人、为诗的致命伤。