Oxidative stress-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in a normal colon epithelial cell line

AIM To determine how a normal human colon cell line reacts to microbial challenge as a way to study oxidative stress-induced responses associated with inflammatory bowel disease.METHODS Normal human colon epithelial cells(ATCC?CRL.1790?)were stimulated with either heat killed E.coli or heat killed murine cecal contents(HKC)and examined for several relevant biomarkers associated with inflammation and oxidative stress including cytokine production,mitochondrial autophagy and oxidant status.TNFα,IL-1βand IL-8 protein concentrations were measured within the supernatants.Fluorescent microscopy was performed to quantify the production of reactive oxygen species(ROS)using an oxidation responsive fluorogenic probe.Mitochondrial morphology and mitochondrial membrane potential was assessed by dual staining using COXIV antibody and a dye concentrating in active mitochondria.Mitochondrial ROS scavenger was used to determine the source of ROS in stimulated cells.Autophagy was detected by staining for the presence of autophagic vesicles.Positive controls for autophagy and ROS/RNS experiments were treated with rapamycin and chloroquine.Mitochondrial morphology,ROS production and autophagy microscopy experiments were analyzed using a custom acquisition and analysis microscopy software(Image J).RESULTS Exposing CRL.1790 cells to microbial challenge stimulated cells to produce several relevant biomarkers associated with inflammation and oxidative stress.Heat killed cecal contents treatment induced a 10-12fold increase in IL-8 production by CRL.1790 cells compared to unstimulated controls at 6 and 12 h(P<0.001).Heat killed E.coli stimulation resulted in a4-5 fold increase in IL-8 compared to the unstimulated control cells at each time point(P<0.001).Both heat killed E.coli and HKC stimulated robust ROS production at 6(P<0.001),and 12 h(P<0.01).Mitochondrial morphologic abnormalities were detected at 6 and12 h based on reduced mitochondrial circularity and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential,P<0.01.Microbial stimulation also induced significant autophagy at 6 and 12 h,P<0.01.Lastly,blocking mitochondrial ROS generation using mitochondrial specific ROS scavenger reversed microbial challenge induced mitochondrial morphologic abnormalities and autophagy.CONCLUSION The findings from this study suggest that CRL.1790cells may be a useful alternative to other colon cancer cell lines in studying the mechanisms of oxidative stress events associated with intestinal inflammatory disorders.

Carob Origin Classification by FTIR Spectroscopy and Chemometrics

The goal of this study was to use Fourier transform mid-infrared （FTIR） spectroscopy for discrimination of samples of pods and seeds of carob from three Moroccan regions. The origin of samples Pods and seeds of carob could be distinguished from their IR spectra and this measurement was used for discriminate analysis. A multivariate analysis procedure based on the combined use of Hierarchical Cluster Aanalysis （HCA） and Partial Least Squares-Discriminant Analysis （PLS-DA） was tested and provided good classification results. Three distinctive clusters were recognised, related to the three Moroccan regions. Afterwards, PLS-DA was used for the discrimination and classification of the origin of the various Pods and seeds of carob samples. The results demonstrated that the combined use of FTIR and chemometric analysis （cluster analysis and discrimination by PLS- DA） can be used to rapidly and simply determine the origin of carob pulpe samples.

石油钻杆刺穿失效原因分析

某石油钻杆在油田使用过程中发生早期刺穿失效。运用理化检测技术对失效的钻杆进行宏观形貌、化学成分、显微组织、力学性能分析和硬度测定。结果表明,钻井过程中在腐蚀介质的作用下,在钻杆内壁起刺处首先形成腐蚀坑,在复杂交变应力载荷作用下,钻杆表面腐蚀坑底部形成微裂纹并迅速扩展,最终导致钻杆发生腐蚀疲劳失效。为预防此类失效的发生,要严格控制钢管轧制工序,选用合适轧制工具尺寸,提高钢管内外壁表面质量,避免钻杆在油田使用时再次发生腐蚀疲劳失效。

Influence of Acupuncture on Serum Hormone of Erectile Dysfunction Patients

Objective： To explore the influence of acupuncture therapy on erectile dysfunction. Methods： 60 cases of the patients with impotence of erectile dysfunction were observed before and after acupuncture treatment, with determination of serum testosterone （T）, estradiol （E2） and prolactin （PRL）. Results： After the treatments, T concentration was increased, and the contents of E2 and PRL were decreased. Normal sexual action can be maintained. Conclusion： Acupuncture can effectively rectify the disorder of serum hormone, and improve the clinical symptoms.

Observation on Therapeutic Effects of Acupuncture for Erectile Dysfunction

Objective： To observe the clinical effects of acupuncture treatment for erectile dysfunction. Methods： Eighty-two cases of the patients with erectile dysfunction were identified as two patterns of kidney yang deficiency and damp-heat in lower jiao and were treated with different acupoints for different patterns. Results： The total curative rate was 87.6%. The curative rate was 45.0% in pattern of kidney yang deficiency and 59.1% in pattern of damp-heat in lower jiao. Conclusion： The clinical effect in acupuncture treatment of erectile dysfunction was related to the age of the patients and duration of disease. The higher the age and the longer the duration, the poorer the therapeutic effects were. The curative rate was higher in the treatment of pattern of damp-heat in lower jiao than pattern of kidney yang deficiency.

Clinical Observation on Combined Acupuncture and Herbs in Treating Impotence

Objective： To observe the clinical efficacy of combined acupuncture and herbs in the treatment of impotence. Methods： One hundred cases of impotence were randomized into two groups： a treatment group in which 50 cases were treated with acupuncture and herbs, and a control group in which another 50 cases were treated with acupuncture alone. The treatment was given once a day and 10 treatments made up one course, with a two-day interval between each two courses. The clinical efficacy was evaluated after two courses. Results： The total effective rate was 98.0% in the treatment group and 76.0% in the control group, with a statistical difference between the two groups （P0.01）. Conclusion： Combined acupuncture and herbs has better results than simple acupuncture in the treatment of impotence.

Assessment of the safety and efficacy of acupuncture in erectile dysfunction treatment

Objective To assess the safety and efficacy of acupuncture in erectile dysfunction treatment.Methods A systematic literature search was conducted to identify relevant studies.Seven electronic databases including Popline,World Health Organization(WHO)Global Health Library(GHL),System for Information on Grey Literature in Europe(SIGLE),Scopus,Institute for Scientific Information(ISI)Web of Science,PubMed and Virtual Health Library(VHL)were utilized to carry out the search.A manual search was further conducted for relevant publications from references of the included articles,relevant papers in PubMed and Google Scholar,and primary studies that had cited the included papers.Hand-search using each keyword to avoid missing any relevant publications was also carried out.Results The literature search yielded 2818 reports after removing duplicates using Endnote software.There were 21 studies eligible for full-text screening and five of which were subsequently included.After two studies identified from the manual search were added,a total of seven studies were found suitable to carry out the systematic review and meta-analysis.Five of them were used for quantitative and qualitative analysis,while two were only used for qualitative analysis.There were four clinical trials,one pilot study,one case report,and one animal study.Conclusion Acupuncture can improve male erectile function.