A useful mid course guidance law for long range multi purpose missiles is proposed. The law consists of two parts. One is used in the horizontal guidance plane, and the other in the vertical guidance plane. The mid ...A useful mid course guidance law for long range multi purpose missiles is proposed. The law consists of two parts. One is used in the horizontal guidance plane, and the other in the vertical guidance plane. The mid course is combined with variable structure proportional navigation in the homing phase. Simulation results show that the proposed guidance law can meet the demands for starting up the homing phase and so the handing over between mid course guidance and terminal guidance can be carried out successfully.展开更多
A calculation formula of thermal-hydro-mechanical(THM)coupling crack initiation rate for brittle rock was derived based on the energy conservation law.The self-designed THM coupling fracture test with conductive adhe...A calculation formula of thermal-hydro-mechanical(THM)coupling crack initiation rate for brittle rock was derived based on the energy conservation law.The self-designed THM coupling fracture test with conductive adhesive electrical measurement method was applied to measuring the THM coupling crack propagation rate of brittle rock continuously.Research results show that both calculation and test results of crack initiation rate increased with increase of the temperature and the hydraulic pressure.They are almost in good agreement,which can prove validity of the calculation formula of THM coupling crack initiation rate.展开更多
Wilson's disease(WD) is an autosomal recessive disorder of copper metabolism, caused by mutations in the ATP7 B gene. A clear demand for novel WD treatment strategies has emerged. Although therapies using zinc sal...Wilson's disease(WD) is an autosomal recessive disorder of copper metabolism, caused by mutations in the ATP7 B gene. A clear demand for novel WD treatment strategies has emerged. Although therapies using zinc salts and copper chelators can effectively cure WD, these drugs exhibit limitations in a substantial pool of WD patients who develop intolerance and/or severe side effects. Several lines of research have indicated intriguing potential for novel strategies and targets for development of new therapies. Here, we review these new approaches, which comprise correction of ATP7 B mutants and discovery of new compounds that circumvent ATP7B-deficiency, as well as cell and gene therapies. We also discuss whether and when these new therapeutic strategies will be translated into clinical use, according to the key requirements for clinical trials that remain to be met. Finally, we discuss the hope for the current rapidly developing research on molecular mechanisms underlying WD pathogenesis and for the related potential therapeutic targets to provide a solid foundation for the next generation of WD therapies that may lead to an effective, tolerable and safe cure.展开更多
AIM:To explore the role of prostaglandin F2α(PGF2α) on pacemaker activity in interstitial cells of Cajal(ICC)from mouse small intestine. METHODS:In this study,effects of PGF2αin the cultured ICC cells were in...AIM:To explore the role of prostaglandin F2α(PGF2α) on pacemaker activity in interstitial cells of Cajal(ICC)from mouse small intestine. METHODS:In this study,effects of PGF2αin the cultured ICC cells were investigated with patch clamp technology combined with Ca 2+ image analysis. RESULTS:Externally applied PGF2α(10μmol/L)produced membrane depolarization in current-clamp mode and increased tonic inward pacemaker currents in voltage-clamp mode.The application of flufenamic acid(a non-selective cation channel inhibitor)or niflumic acid(aCl channel inhibitor)abolished the generation of pacemaker currents but only flufenamic acid inhibited the PGF2α-induced tonic inward currents.In addition,the tonic inward currents induced by PGF2αwere not inhibited by intracellular application of 5’-[-thio]diphosphate trilithium salt.Pretreatment with Ca 2+ free solution, U-73122,an active phospholipase C inhibitor,and thapsigargin,a Ca 2+ -ATPase inhibitor in endoplasmic reticulum,abolished the generation of pacemaker currents and suppressed the PGF2α-induced tonic inward currents.However,chelerythrine or calphostin C,protein kinase C inhibitors,did not block the PGF2α-induced effects on pacemaker currents.When recording intracellular Ca 2+ ([Ca 2+ ]i)concentration using fluo-3/AM,PGF2α broadly increased the spontaneous[Ca 2+ ]i oscillations. CONCLUSION:These results suggest that PGF2αcan modulate pacemaker activity of ICC by acting non-selective action channels through phospholipase C-dependent pathway via[Ca2+]i regulation展开更多
PACEMAKER lead infections are rare.There are only about 0.4%-1.1% of the patients who have been implanted permanent pacemakers suffering from serious infections which lead to endocarditis.1 Generally,removal of the ...PACEMAKER lead infections are rare.There are only about 0.4%-1.1% of the patients who have been implanted permanent pacemakers suffering from serious infections which lead to endocarditis.1 Generally,removal of the infected pacemaker wire and lead,long-term anti-infection therapy,and implantation of a new pacemaker to another anatomic site are accepted approaches for these patients.展开更多
We measure the dispersed spectrum of the A2H-X2E+ system of MgH using laser abla- tion/laser induced Fluorescence method and obtain the Frank-Condon factors and related transition frequencies of the A2H(v'=0)-X2...We measure the dispersed spectrum of the A2H-X2E+ system of MgH using laser abla- tion/laser induced Fluorescence method and obtain the Frank-Condon factors and related transition frequencies of the A2H(v'=0)-X2∑+(v"=0,1) system by analyzing the experimental spectrum. Also, we calculate the Franck-Condon factors and transition frequencies of the A2H-X2∑+ system of MgH. A comparison of our theoretical calculation and experimental results with other reported theoretical results was carried out as well.展开更多
Changes of neural firing patterns and transitions between firing patterns induced by the introduction of external stimulation or adjustment of biological parameter have been demonstrated to play key roles in informati...Changes of neural firing patterns and transitions between firing patterns induced by the introduction of external stimulation or adjustment of biological parameter have been demonstrated to play key roles in information coding.In this paper,bifurcation processes of bursting patterns were observed from an experimental neural pacemaker,through the adjustment of potassium parameter including ion concentration and calcium-dependent channel conductance.The adjustment of calcium-dependent potassium channel conductance was achieved by changing the extracellular tetraethylammonium concentration.The deterministic dynamics of chaotic bursting patterns induced by period-doubling bifurcation and intermittency,and lying between two periodic bursting patterns in a period-adding bifurcation process was investigated with a nonlinear prediction method.The bifurcations included period-doubling and period-adding bifurcations of bursting patterns.The experimental bifurcations and chaos closely matched those previously simulated in the theoretical neuronal model by adjusting potassium parameter,which demonstrated the simulation results of the theoretical model.The experimental results indicate that the potassium concentration and conductance of calcium-dependent potassium channel can induce bifurcations of the neural firing patterns.The potential role of these bifurcation structures in neural information coding mechanism is discussed.展开更多
Phenotypic plasticity is often an adaptation of organisms to cope with temporally or spatially heter- ogenous landscapes. Like other adaptations, one would predict that different species, populations, or sexes might t...Phenotypic plasticity is often an adaptation of organisms to cope with temporally or spatially heter- ogenous landscapes. Like other adaptations, one would predict that different species, populations, or sexes might thus show some degree of parallel evolution of plasticity, in the form of parallel reaction norms, when exposed to analogous environmental gradients. Indeed, one might even ex- pect parallelism of plasticity to repeatedly evolve in multiple traits responding to the same gradi- ent, resulting in integrated parallelism of plasticity. In this study, we experimentally tested for paral- lel patterns of predator-mediated plasticity of size, shape, and behavior of 2 species and sexes of mosquitofish. Examination of behavioral trials indicated that the 2 species showed unique patterns of behavioral plasticity, whereas the 2 sexes in each species showed parallel responses. Fish shape showed parallel patterns of plasticity for both sexes and species, albeit males showed evidence of unique plasticity related to reproductive anatomy. Moreover, patterns of shape plasticity due to predator exposure were broadly parallel to what has been depicted for predator-mediated popula- tion divergence in other studies (slender bodies, expanded caudal regions, ventrally located eyes, and reduced male gonopodia). We did not find evidence of phenotypic plasticity in fish size for ei- ther species or sex. Hence, our findings support broadly integrated parallelism of plasticity for sexes within species and less integrated parallelism for species. We interpret these findings with respect to their potential broader implications for the interacting roles of adaptation and constraint in the evolutionary origins of parallelism of plasticity in general.展开更多
Based on a data base of multi-channel seismic profiles covered over Dongsha plateau of the northern South China Sea margin, we found that the sea bed morphology of northern South China Sea margin had been changed dram...Based on a data base of multi-channel seismic profiles covered over Dongsha plateau of the northern South China Sea margin, we found that the sea bed morphology of northern South China Sea margin had been changed dramatically after Dongsha uplifting, that sedimentary layer since Miocene age had been eroded with maximum eroded thickness more than 1000 m, and that an erosive channel had been formed of 20 km in width and 200 km in length and several hundreds meters in depth on the outer shelf of northern South China Sea. The erosive channel is parallel to the 600 m isobath line, stretching from northeast to the southwest north of Dongsha uplift. The Kuroshio intrudes the South China Sea through Luzon Strait both in winter time and summer time, and in the northern South China Sea margin area, the intruded Kuroshio Branch takes the form of Pacific-Indian Ocean Through Flow (PITH) in winter time, while the Luzon Strait Subsurface Inflow (LSSIF) in summer time, the routes of both PITH and LSSIF coincide well with the distribution of the erosive channel. After climbing from the northern slope up to the northern shelf, and after joined by the southward flow from the middle northern shelf of South China Sea, the Kuroshio Branch is strengthened and thus is able to erode the sea floor, and the shape of the erosive channel is a result of the long-term interaction between the Kuroshio South China Sea Branch and the Dongsha outer shelf sea floor.展开更多
文摘A useful mid course guidance law for long range multi purpose missiles is proposed. The law consists of two parts. One is used in the horizontal guidance plane, and the other in the vertical guidance plane. The mid course is combined with variable structure proportional navigation in the homing phase. Simulation results show that the proposed guidance law can meet the demands for starting up the homing phase and so the handing over between mid course guidance and terminal guidance can be carried out successfully.
基金Project(51474251) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘A calculation formula of thermal-hydro-mechanical(THM)coupling crack initiation rate for brittle rock was derived based on the energy conservation law.The self-designed THM coupling fracture test with conductive adhesive electrical measurement method was applied to measuring the THM coupling crack propagation rate of brittle rock continuously.Research results show that both calculation and test results of crack initiation rate increased with increase of the temperature and the hydraulic pressure.They are almost in good agreement,which can prove validity of the calculation formula of THM coupling crack initiation rate.
文摘Wilson's disease(WD) is an autosomal recessive disorder of copper metabolism, caused by mutations in the ATP7 B gene. A clear demand for novel WD treatment strategies has emerged. Although therapies using zinc salts and copper chelators can effectively cure WD, these drugs exhibit limitations in a substantial pool of WD patients who develop intolerance and/or severe side effects. Several lines of research have indicated intriguing potential for novel strategies and targets for development of new therapies. Here, we review these new approaches, which comprise correction of ATP7 B mutants and discovery of new compounds that circumvent ATP7B-deficiency, as well as cell and gene therapies. We also discuss whether and when these new therapeutic strategies will be translated into clinical use, according to the key requirements for clinical trials that remain to be met. Finally, we discuss the hope for the current rapidly developing research on molecular mechanisms underlying WD pathogenesis and for the related potential therapeutic targets to provide a solid foundation for the next generation of WD therapies that may lead to an effective, tolerable and safe cure.
基金Supported by Research Fund from Chosun Hospital 2008
文摘AIM:To explore the role of prostaglandin F2α(PGF2α) on pacemaker activity in interstitial cells of Cajal(ICC)from mouse small intestine. METHODS:In this study,effects of PGF2αin the cultured ICC cells were investigated with patch clamp technology combined with Ca 2+ image analysis. RESULTS:Externally applied PGF2α(10μmol/L)produced membrane depolarization in current-clamp mode and increased tonic inward pacemaker currents in voltage-clamp mode.The application of flufenamic acid(a non-selective cation channel inhibitor)or niflumic acid(aCl channel inhibitor)abolished the generation of pacemaker currents but only flufenamic acid inhibited the PGF2α-induced tonic inward currents.In addition,the tonic inward currents induced by PGF2αwere not inhibited by intracellular application of 5’-[-thio]diphosphate trilithium salt.Pretreatment with Ca 2+ free solution, U-73122,an active phospholipase C inhibitor,and thapsigargin,a Ca 2+ -ATPase inhibitor in endoplasmic reticulum,abolished the generation of pacemaker currents and suppressed the PGF2α-induced tonic inward currents.However,chelerythrine or calphostin C,protein kinase C inhibitors,did not block the PGF2α-induced effects on pacemaker currents.When recording intracellular Ca 2+ ([Ca 2+ ]i)concentration using fluo-3/AM,PGF2α broadly increased the spontaneous[Ca 2+ ]i oscillations. CONCLUSION:These results suggest that PGF2αcan modulate pacemaker activity of ICC by acting non-selective action channels through phospholipase C-dependent pathway via[Ca2+]i regulation
文摘PACEMAKER lead infections are rare.There are only about 0.4%-1.1% of the patients who have been implanted permanent pacemakers suffering from serious infections which lead to endocarditis.1 Generally,removal of the infected pacemaker wire and lead,long-term anti-infection therapy,and implantation of a new pacemaker to another anatomic site are accepted approaches for these patients.
基金This work was supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China (No.61205198, No.11105052) and the Fundamental Research Fhnds for the Central Universities. The authors thank Chao Hang from State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University and Timothy Steimles from Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, Arizona State University for the discussion.
文摘We measure the dispersed spectrum of the A2H-X2E+ system of MgH using laser abla- tion/laser induced Fluorescence method and obtain the Frank-Condon factors and related transition frequencies of the A2H(v'=0)-X2∑+(v"=0,1) system by analyzing the experimental spectrum. Also, we calculate the Franck-Condon factors and transition frequencies of the A2H-X2∑+ system of MgH. A comparison of our theoretical calculation and experimental results with other reported theoretical results was carried out as well.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11372224 and 11072135)the Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities designated to Tongji University(Grant No.1330219127)
文摘Changes of neural firing patterns and transitions between firing patterns induced by the introduction of external stimulation or adjustment of biological parameter have been demonstrated to play key roles in information coding.In this paper,bifurcation processes of bursting patterns were observed from an experimental neural pacemaker,through the adjustment of potassium parameter including ion concentration and calcium-dependent channel conductance.The adjustment of calcium-dependent potassium channel conductance was achieved by changing the extracellular tetraethylammonium concentration.The deterministic dynamics of chaotic bursting patterns induced by period-doubling bifurcation and intermittency,and lying between two periodic bursting patterns in a period-adding bifurcation process was investigated with a nonlinear prediction method.The bifurcations included period-doubling and period-adding bifurcations of bursting patterns.The experimental bifurcations and chaos closely matched those previously simulated in the theoretical neuronal model by adjusting potassium parameter,which demonstrated the simulation results of the theoretical model.The experimental results indicate that the potassium concentration and conductance of calcium-dependent potassium channel can induce bifurcations of the neural firing patterns.The potential role of these bifurcation structures in neural information coding mechanism is discussed.
文摘Phenotypic plasticity is often an adaptation of organisms to cope with temporally or spatially heter- ogenous landscapes. Like other adaptations, one would predict that different species, populations, or sexes might thus show some degree of parallel evolution of plasticity, in the form of parallel reaction norms, when exposed to analogous environmental gradients. Indeed, one might even ex- pect parallelism of plasticity to repeatedly evolve in multiple traits responding to the same gradi- ent, resulting in integrated parallelism of plasticity. In this study, we experimentally tested for paral- lel patterns of predator-mediated plasticity of size, shape, and behavior of 2 species and sexes of mosquitofish. Examination of behavioral trials indicated that the 2 species showed unique patterns of behavioral plasticity, whereas the 2 sexes in each species showed parallel responses. Fish shape showed parallel patterns of plasticity for both sexes and species, albeit males showed evidence of unique plasticity related to reproductive anatomy. Moreover, patterns of shape plasticity due to predator exposure were broadly parallel to what has been depicted for predator-mediated popula- tion divergence in other studies (slender bodies, expanded caudal regions, ventrally located eyes, and reduced male gonopodia). We did not find evidence of phenotypic plasticity in fish size for ei- ther species or sex. Hence, our findings support broadly integrated parallelism of plasticity for sexes within species and less integrated parallelism for species. We interpret these findings with respect to their potential broader implications for the interacting roles of adaptation and constraint in the evolutionary origins of parallelism of plasticity in general.
基金supported by National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2007CB411702)
文摘Based on a data base of multi-channel seismic profiles covered over Dongsha plateau of the northern South China Sea margin, we found that the sea bed morphology of northern South China Sea margin had been changed dramatically after Dongsha uplifting, that sedimentary layer since Miocene age had been eroded with maximum eroded thickness more than 1000 m, and that an erosive channel had been formed of 20 km in width and 200 km in length and several hundreds meters in depth on the outer shelf of northern South China Sea. The erosive channel is parallel to the 600 m isobath line, stretching from northeast to the southwest north of Dongsha uplift. The Kuroshio intrudes the South China Sea through Luzon Strait both in winter time and summer time, and in the northern South China Sea margin area, the intruded Kuroshio Branch takes the form of Pacific-Indian Ocean Through Flow (PITH) in winter time, while the Luzon Strait Subsurface Inflow (LSSIF) in summer time, the routes of both PITH and LSSIF coincide well with the distribution of the erosive channel. After climbing from the northern slope up to the northern shelf, and after joined by the southward flow from the middle northern shelf of South China Sea, the Kuroshio Branch is strengthened and thus is able to erode the sea floor, and the shape of the erosive channel is a result of the long-term interaction between the Kuroshio South China Sea Branch and the Dongsha outer shelf sea floor.