协同射流流动控制方法研究进展综述

协同射流(CFJ)是一种基于吹吸气技术的新概念流动控制方法,从提出至今逐渐受到广泛关注。本文围绕协同射流的基本原理、基本概念、研究方法及应用研究进展情况进行了较为全面的综述,回顾了协同射流的提出过程,梳理了协同射流基本概念以及风洞实验和数值模拟的研究现状,阐述了协同射流方法在翼型/机翼、控制舵面、旋转叶片、概念飞行器设计中的应用研究进展,并提出了协同射流研究中的5个关键问题,包括协同射流的气源问题,三维、动态层面的协同射流研究,协同射流控制引起的力矩问题,协同射流气动/结构一体化设计及安装问题,协同射流的功耗问题,可为今后开展协同射流研究提供参考。

Experimental study on heat transfer of aviation kerosene in a vertical upward tube at supercritical pressures

A research on the heat transfer performance of kerosene flowing in a vertical upward tube at supercritical pressure is presented.In the experiments,insights are offered on the effects of the factors such as mass flux,heat flux,and pressure.It is found that increasing mass flux reduces the wall temperature and separates the experimental section into three different parts,while increasing working pressure deteriorates heat transfer.The extended corresponding-state principle can be used for evaluating density and transport properties of kerosene,including its viscosity and thermal conductivity,at different temperatures and pressures under supercritical conditions.For getting the heat capacity,a Soave–Redlich–Kwong(SRK)equation of state is used.The correlation for predicting heat transfer of kerosene at supercritical pressure is established and shows good agreement with the experimental data.

Experimental study of heat transfer of ultra-supercritical pressure water in vertical upward internally ribbed tube

Under ultra-supercritical pressure, the heat transfer characteristics of water in vertical upward 4- head internally ribbed tubes with a diameter of 28.65mm and thickness of 8mm were experimentally studied. The experiments were performed at P = 25- 34MPa, G = 450- 1800kg/（m^2·s） and q = 200 600kW/m^2. The results show that the pressure has only a moderate effect on the heat transfer of uhra-supercritical water when the water temperature is below the pseudocritical point. Sharp rise of the wall temperature near the pesudocritical region occurs earlier at a higher pressure. Increasing the mass velocity improves the heat transfer with a much stronger effect below the pesudocritical point than that above the pesudocritical point. For given pressure and mass velocity, the inner wall heat flux also shows a significant effect on the inner wall temperature, with a higher inner wall heat flux leading to a higher inner wall temperature. Increasing of inner wall heat flux leads to an early occurrence of sharp rise of the wall temperature. Correlations of heat transfer coefficients are also presented for vertical upward internally ribbed tubes.

Study on explosion process of methane-coal dust mixture

The experimental system of 10 m3 large-scale multiphase combustion explosion tank was used for research into the explosion development process under the ignition conditions of methane-coal dust-air mixture, and the overpressure development processes of the mixture at different distances were obtained. For the methane-coal dust-air mixture with an equivalence ratio of 1, the explosion pressure and pressure rise rate reached their maximum under a methane concentration of 8% and a coal dust concentration of 25 g/m3, while the maximum explosion pressure and pressure rise rate both occurred 0.5 m away from the ignition point under a methane concentration of between 4.5% and 8%, and a coal dust concentration of between 25 g/m3 and 1 O0 g/m3. Moreover, the greater the explosion intensity of mixture, the closer the occurrence location of maximum overpres- sure was to the ignition source.

A hypersonic lift mechanism with decoupled lift and drag surfaces

In the present study, we propose a novel lift mechanism for which the lifting surface produces only lift. This is achieved by mounting a two-dimensional shock-shock interaction generator below the lifting surface. The shock-shock interaction theory in conjunction with a three dimensional correction and checked with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is used to analyze the lift and drag forces as function of the geometrical parameters and inflow Mach number. Through this study, though limited to only inviscid flow, we conclude that it is possible to obtain a high lift to drag ratio by suitably arranging the shock interaction generator.

A high-efficiency aerothermoelastic analysis method

In this paper,a high-efficiency aerothermoelastic analysis method based on unified hypersonic lifting surface theory is established.The method adopts a two-way coupling form that couples the structure,aerodynamic force,and aerodynamic thermo and heat conduction.The aerodynamic force is first calculated based on unified hypersonic lifting surface theory,and then the Eckert reference temperature method is used to solve the temperature field,where the transient heat conduction is solved using Fourier’s law,and the modal method is used for the aeroelastic correction.Finally,flutter is analyzed based on the p-k method.The aerothermoelastic behavior of a typical hypersonic low-aspect ratio wing is then analyzed,and the results indicate the following:(1)the combined effects of the aerodynamic load and thermal load both deform the wing,which would increase if the flexibility,size,and flight time of the hypersonic aircraft increase;(2)the effect of heat accumulation should be noted,and therefore,the trajectory parameters should be considered in the design of hypersonic flight vehicles to avoid hazardous conditions,such as flutter.

UH model considering temperature effects

The influences of temperature on the mechanical behavior of saturated clays are discussed first. Based on the concept of true strength and the revised calculation method of the potential failure stress ratio, the equation of the critical state stress ratio for saturated clays under different temperatures is deduced. Temperature is introduced as a variable into the UH model （3-dimensional elastoplastic model for overconsolidated clays adopting unified hardening parameter） proposed by Yao et al. and then the UH model considering temperature effects is proposed. By means of the transformed stress method proposed by Yao et al., the proposed model can be applied conveniently to 3-dimensional stress states. The strain-hardening, softening and dilatancy behavior of overconsolidated clays at a given temperature can be described using the proposed model, and the volume change behavior caused by heating can also be predicted. Compared with the modified Cam-clay model, the proposed model requires only one additional parameter to consider the behavior of the decrease of preconsolidation pressure with an increase of temperature. At room temperature, the proposed model can be changed into the original UH model and the modified Cam-clay model for overconsolidated clays and normally consolidated clays, respectively. The considered temperature range here is from the melting point to the boiling point of the pore water （e.g. the experimental temperatures （20℃-95℃） mentioned in this paper are within this range）. Comparison with existing test results shows that the model can reasonably describe the basic mechanical behavior of overconsolidated clays under various temperature paths.