The conventional fault analysis method based on symmetrical components supposes that the three-phase parameters of un-transposed transmission line are symmetrical in case of fault. The errors caused by the method with...The conventional fault analysis method based on symmetrical components supposes that the three-phase parameters of un-transposed transmission line are symmetrical in case of fault. The errors caused by the method with the symmetrical distributed parameter circuit model as the equivalent circuit of the un-transposed ultra high voltage(UHV) transmission line were studied under both normal operation and fault,and the corresponding problems arising were pointed out. By contrast with electromagnetic transient and power electronics(EMTPE) simulation results with the asymmetrical distributed parameter circuit model of un-transposed line, it is shown that the conventional method cannot show the existence of negative and zero sequences before fault happening and there are many errors on voltage and current after fault happening which are different with fault types. The error ranges of voltage and current are 2.13%-81.13% and -7.82%- -86.15%, respectively.展开更多
Based on the double-layered foundation theory, the composite ground with partially penetrated cement fly-ash gravel(CFG) piles was regarded as a double-layered foundation including the surface reinforced area and the ...Based on the double-layered foundation theory, the composite ground with partially penetrated cement fly-ash gravel(CFG) piles was regarded as a double-layered foundation including the surface reinforced area and the underlying untreated stratum. Due to the changing permeability property of CFG piles, the whole consolidation process of the composite ground with CFG piles was divided into two stages, i.e., the early stage(permeable CFG pile bodies) and the later stage(impermeable pile bodies). Then, the consolidation equation of the composite foundation with CFG piles was established by using the Terzaghi one-dimensional consolidation theory. Consequently, the unified formula to calculate the excess pore water pressure was derived with the specific solutions for the consolidation degree of composite ground, reinforced area and underlying stratum under instant load obtained respectively. Finally, combined with a numerical example, influencing rules by main factors(including the replacement rate m, the treatment depth h1, the permeability coefficient Ks1, Kv2 and compression modulus Es1, Es2 of reinforced area and underlying stratum) on the consolidation property of composite ground with CFG piles were discussed in detail. The result shows that the consolidation velocity of underlying stratum is slower than that of the reinforced area. However, the consolidation velocity of underlying stratum is slow at first then fast as a result of the transferring of effective stress to the underlying stratum during the dissipating process of excess pore water pressure.展开更多
In order to achieve greater pressure ratios, compressor designers have the opportunity to use transonic configurations. In the supersonic part of the incoming flow, shock waves appear in the front part of the blades a...In order to achieve greater pressure ratios, compressor designers have the opportunity to use transonic configurations. In the supersonic part of the incoming flow, shock waves appear in the front part of the blades and propagate in the upstream direction. In case of multiple blade rows, steady simulations have to impose an azimuthal averaging （mixing plane） which prevents these shock waves to extend upstream. In the present paper, several mixing plane locations are numerically tested and compared in a supersonic configuration. An analytical method is used to describe the shock pattern. It enables to take a critical look at the CFD （computational fluid dynamics） steady results. Based on this method, the shock losses are also evaluated. The good agreement between analytical and numerical values shows that this method can be useful to wisely forecast the mixing plane location and to evaluate the shift in performances due to the presence of the mixing plane.展开更多
Conventional PCC pile technique has been widely used as embankment piles for highway construction in China. To further improve the PCC pile capacity, the expansive concrete technique has been applied to the PCC pile t...Conventional PCC pile technique has been widely used as embankment piles for highway construction in China. To further improve the PCC pile capacity, the expansive concrete technique has been applied to the PCC pile to replace the normal concrete recently. The use of expansive concrete for the PCC pile could increase the pile diameter as well as the contact pressure at the pile-soil interface due to the expansion process of concrete, which allows the improved PCC pile to provide higher capacity than the conventional PCC pile. This paper presents a theoretical model for the new improved PCC pile using expansive concrete technique. The model is formulated by assuming the PCC pile installation process as large strain undrained cylindrical cavity expansion and the subsequent pile shaft expansion combined with soil consolidation process is simulated by the small strain cylindrical cavity expansion combined with strain-controlled consolidation. Then, similarity solution technique is used to solve the problem of cavity expansion in modified cam Clay （MCC） model, while the strain-controlled consolidation is calculated through the finite difference method （FDM）. Subsequently, the suitability of the cavity expansion solution in the interpretation of the PCC pile installation is verified by comparing the calculated excess pore pressure with the measured value in an instrumented field test. The stress changes and excess pore pressure during the PCC pile installation and subsequent pile shaft expansion are investigated by means of parametric study. The proposed theoretical model first reveals and quantifies the fundamental mechanism of the PCC pile using expansive concrete technique and it provides a theoretical basis for developing design methods of the new improved PCC pile in the future.展开更多
文摘The conventional fault analysis method based on symmetrical components supposes that the three-phase parameters of un-transposed transmission line are symmetrical in case of fault. The errors caused by the method with the symmetrical distributed parameter circuit model as the equivalent circuit of the un-transposed ultra high voltage(UHV) transmission line were studied under both normal operation and fault,and the corresponding problems arising were pointed out. By contrast with electromagnetic transient and power electronics(EMTPE) simulation results with the asymmetrical distributed parameter circuit model of un-transposed line, it is shown that the conventional method cannot show the existence of negative and zero sequences before fault happening and there are many errors on voltage and current after fault happening which are different with fault types. The error ranges of voltage and current are 2.13%-81.13% and -7.82%- -86.15%, respectively.
基金Project(51378197)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘Based on the double-layered foundation theory, the composite ground with partially penetrated cement fly-ash gravel(CFG) piles was regarded as a double-layered foundation including the surface reinforced area and the underlying untreated stratum. Due to the changing permeability property of CFG piles, the whole consolidation process of the composite ground with CFG piles was divided into two stages, i.e., the early stage(permeable CFG pile bodies) and the later stage(impermeable pile bodies). Then, the consolidation equation of the composite foundation with CFG piles was established by using the Terzaghi one-dimensional consolidation theory. Consequently, the unified formula to calculate the excess pore water pressure was derived with the specific solutions for the consolidation degree of composite ground, reinforced area and underlying stratum under instant load obtained respectively. Finally, combined with a numerical example, influencing rules by main factors(including the replacement rate m, the treatment depth h1, the permeability coefficient Ks1, Kv2 and compression modulus Es1, Es2 of reinforced area and underlying stratum) on the consolidation property of composite ground with CFG piles were discussed in detail. The result shows that the consolidation velocity of underlying stratum is slower than that of the reinforced area. However, the consolidation velocity of underlying stratum is slow at first then fast as a result of the transferring of effective stress to the underlying stratum during the dissipating process of excess pore water pressure.
文摘In order to achieve greater pressure ratios, compressor designers have the opportunity to use transonic configurations. In the supersonic part of the incoming flow, shock waves appear in the front part of the blades and propagate in the upstream direction. In case of multiple blade rows, steady simulations have to impose an azimuthal averaging （mixing plane） which prevents these shock waves to extend upstream. In the present paper, several mixing plane locations are numerically tested and compared in a supersonic configuration. An analytical method is used to describe the shock pattern. It enables to take a critical look at the CFD （computational fluid dynamics） steady results. Based on this method, the shock losses are also evaluated. The good agreement between analytical and numerical values shows that this method can be useful to wisely forecast the mixing plane location and to evaluate the shift in performances due to the presence of the mixing plane.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51420105013)
文摘Conventional PCC pile technique has been widely used as embankment piles for highway construction in China. To further improve the PCC pile capacity, the expansive concrete technique has been applied to the PCC pile to replace the normal concrete recently. The use of expansive concrete for the PCC pile could increase the pile diameter as well as the contact pressure at the pile-soil interface due to the expansion process of concrete, which allows the improved PCC pile to provide higher capacity than the conventional PCC pile. This paper presents a theoretical model for the new improved PCC pile using expansive concrete technique. The model is formulated by assuming the PCC pile installation process as large strain undrained cylindrical cavity expansion and the subsequent pile shaft expansion combined with soil consolidation process is simulated by the small strain cylindrical cavity expansion combined with strain-controlled consolidation. Then, similarity solution technique is used to solve the problem of cavity expansion in modified cam Clay （MCC） model, while the strain-controlled consolidation is calculated through the finite difference method （FDM）. Subsequently, the suitability of the cavity expansion solution in the interpretation of the PCC pile installation is verified by comparing the calculated excess pore pressure with the measured value in an instrumented field test. The stress changes and excess pore pressure during the PCC pile installation and subsequent pile shaft expansion are investigated by means of parametric study. The proposed theoretical model first reveals and quantifies the fundamental mechanism of the PCC pile using expansive concrete technique and it provides a theoretical basis for developing design methods of the new improved PCC pile in the future.
