基于逻辑回归分析构建超声刀使用风险管理模型与验证

目的:基于逻辑回归(LR)算法构建超声刀使用风险管理模型,提高超声刀风险管理质量。方法:基于LR算法构建超声刀使用风险管理模型并进行模型验证。选取2022—2023年上海市肺科医院临床在用的28台超声刀,以时间为节点,将2022年设备使用期间采用常规管理模式进行管理,2023年设备使用期间采用LR风险管理模型(简称风险管理)进行管理,采用自制评估量表对比两种管理模式的超声刀风险管理质量评分、风险预警评分以及参与设备使用管理人员体验评分。结果:采用风险管理模式的超声刀保养记录、使用状态记录、资料入档、保养牌悬挂和报废处理质量评分的平均分分别为(9.54±0.37)分、(9.67±0.34)分、(9.73±0.21)分、(9.18±0.35)分和(9.92±0.31)分,均高于常规管理模式,差异有统计学意义(t=55.666、32.235、49.511、40.311、23.122,P<0.05);采用风险管理的超声刀使用风险识别准确性、预警及时性和防控全面性风险预警评分的平均分分别为(9.66±1.20)分、(9.92±1.48)分和(9.87±1.04)分,均高于常规管理模式,差异有统计学意义(t=11.840、8.371、8.032,P<0.05);参与超声刀预防养护人员、维修人员和操作人员对采用风险管理模式的超声刀使用体验平均评分分别为(96.61±6.08)分、(95.07±5.19)分和(97.73±5.93)分,均高于常规管理模式,差异有统计学意义(t=4.991、4.156、4.870,P<0.05)。结论:基于LR算法构建超声刀风险管理模型应用于超声刀使用管理,可提高超声刀风险管理质量,规避风险隐患,提升超声刀临床使用的安全性与稳定性。

传统假体隆乳术与内窥镜直视下超声刀辅助双平面假体隆乳术的临床效果及安全性对比分析

目的:探讨对比传统假体隆乳术与内窥镜直视下超声刀辅助双平面假体隆乳术在临床小乳症患者中的应用效果。方法:回顾性分析2022年3月至2023年3月于河南中医药大学第三附属医院成功开展假体隆胸术患者的基线资料,其中开展传统假体隆乳术的50例患者纳入对照组,开展内窥镜直视下超声刀辅助双平面假体隆乳术的50例患者纳入研究组,对比两组临床疗效、手术及围术期相关情况、安全性、满意度。结果:研究组治疗总有效率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);与对照组相比,研究组术中出血量少,手术时间长,术后疼痛时间及住院时间均较短,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);研究组皮下血肿、切口感染、包膜挛缩、假体移位/异位总发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);研究组总满意度高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:内窥镜直视下超声刀辅助双平面假体隆乳术治疗小乳症效果显著,与传统术式相比,内窥镜直视下拥有良好的视野,更有利于术者对手术腔隙的精确把握,避免不必要的损伤,减少术中出血,有效提高手术效果,减轻患者疼痛,缩短术后恢复时间,安全可靠,患者满意度良好。

超声刀在开放性甲状腺手术中的应用价值研究

目的探究超声刀在开放性甲状腺手术中的作用。方法选取2022年5月—2023年8月于临淄区妇幼保健院(齐都医院)行开放性甲状腺手术的86例患者为研究对象,按手术器械的不同分为对照组(n=43)、研究组(n=43)。两组均行开放性甲状腺手术,对照组术中使用传统电刀,研究组使用超声刀。对比两组手术指标、并发症发生率及住院时间。结果研究组手术时间、术中出血量、术后24 h引流量、切口长度均少于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。研究组并发症发生率为2.33%(1/43),低于对照组的13.95%(6/43),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=3.888,P<0.05)。研究组住院时间短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论开放性甲状腺手术中应用超声刀手术指标较优,并发症风险较低,有助于患者术后康复。

新型超声快速处理活检标本保存不同年限对DNA质量的影响

背景:新型超声组织处理技术越来越多地被用来进行分子生物学分析,研究新型超声处理不同存储年限组织DNA的质量,对进一步分子检测的标本质控具有重要意义。目的:探讨新型超声处理活检标本存储不同年限对DNA质量的影响,以期为分子检测探索最佳的标本存储时间。方法:收集40例乳腺穿刺小活检组织,采用超声技术制作石蜡标本,按照存储年限分为4组:<1年组、1-3年组、>3-5年组及>5年组,每组10例,对石蜡标本进行切片,每张切片厚3μm,切片10-15张,提取DNA后通过Nanophotometer N60超微量分光光度计和Qubit 4.0荧光计检测DNA的质量浓度,记录A_(260)/A_(280)比值判定DNA的纯度,利用全自动毛细管电泳核酸分析仪(Qsep 100)检测DNA片段完整性,以评估DNA片段的质量。结果与结论:4组样本A_(260)/A_(280)均值在1.8-2.0之间,达到纯度要求,无明显差异。4组样本的DNA质量浓度(Qubit浓度)均值分别为30.39,14.33,2.52,1.95 ng/μL;DNA的平均N/Q比值分别为6.48,14.18,24.56,29.86;DNA质量数均值分别为5.64,1.76,1.24,0.80;大片段占比均值分别为56.08%,17.72%,12.68%,7.90%。PCR检测内控基因Ct均值分别为15.32,17.09,18.39,21.24。与<1年组相比,其余3组DNA浓度显著降低,N/Q比值显著增加,DNA质量数和大片段占比均值显著降低,Ct值升高,差异有显著性意义(P<0.05)。实验结果表明,对于新型超声处理活检标本,应优先选择存储<1年的样本进行日常分子检测,储存3年内的样本可满足二代测序等检测要求,5年内样本仅可尝试进行PCR等检测,存储超过5年的样本不建议进行后续分子检测。

基于局部离群因子与隔离森林的激光超声缺陷检测

针对激光超声(LU)缺陷检测中最大振幅图存在伪像的问题,结合主成分分析(PCA)和两种无监督的机器学习算法局部离群因子(LOF)与隔离森林(IF),以实现对LU数据的无监督异常检测。首先,利用PCA算法对LU数据进行降维处理,减轻了LU数据的复杂度;其次,利用LOF算法和IF算法进行了数据异常值的识别分析,并利用累积分布函数和核密度估计确定异常值的阈值大小;最后,对比了LOF算法、IF算法以及最大振幅图的检测结果。结果表明:LOF算法有更优的缺陷识别精度和更低的误判率。

基于品质因数的超声刀刀头疲劳振动评价研究

目的:针对超声刀刀头疲劳效能评价存在的难题,提出基于品质因数的超声刀刀头疲劳振动评价方法。方法:首先,搭建由电源模块、三轴移动模块、超声刀夹持模块和控制模块组成的可实现重复切割操作的超声刀疲劳试验台。其次,采用该试验台对10台某品牌超声刀实施疲劳试验,在疲劳试验的5个阶段(即未切割、500次切割后、1000次切割后、2000次切割后和3000次切割后)对超声刀刀头振动进行非接触式测量并计算其品质因数。最后,计算各阶段试验的平均切割速度和血管凝闭爆破压,以验证基于品质因数的超声刀刀头疲劳振动评价方法的有效性。结果:试验表明,品质因数指标能够有效地反映超声刀刀头的疲劳退化特征,而平均切割速度和血管凝闭爆破压由于测量过程中的不确定性因素不易控制,很难对超声刀刀头的疲劳退化水平进行有效评价。结论:提出的基于品质因数的评价方法可直接对超声刀刀头的疲劳振动进行精准量化评价。

Grindability Evaluation of Ultrasonic Assisted Grinding of Silicon Nitride Ceramic Using Minimum Quantity Lubrication Based SiO_(2)Nanofluid

Minimum quantity Lubrication(MQL)is a sustainable lubrication system that is famous in many machining systems.It involve the spray of an infinitesimal amount of mist-like lubricants during machining processes.The MQL system is affirmed to exhibit an excellent machining performance,and it is highly economical.The nanofluids are understood to exhibit excellent lubricity and heat evacuation capability,compared to pure oil-based MQL system.Studies have shown that the surface quality and amount of energy expended in the grinding operations can be reduced considerably due to the positive effect of these nanofluids.This work presents an experimental study on the tribological performance of SiO_(2)nanofluid during grinding of Si_(3)N_(4)ceramic.The effect different grinding modes and lubrication systems during the grinding operation was also analyzed.Different concentrations of the SiO_(2)nanofluid was manufactured using canola,corn and sunflower oils.The quantitative evaluation of the grinding process was done based on the amount of grinding forces,specific grinding energy,frictional coefficient,and surface integrity.It was found that the canola oil exhibits optimal lubrication performance compared to corn oil,sunflower oil,and traditional lubrication systems.Additionally,the introduction of ultrasonic vibrations with the SiO_(2)nanofluid in MQL system was found to reduce the specific grinding energy,normal grinding forces,tangential grinding forces,and surface roughness by 65%,57%,65%,and 18%respectively.Finally,regression analysis was used to obtain an optimum parameter combinations.The observations from this work will aid the smooth transition towards ecofriendly and sustainable machining of engineering ceramics.

A Novel On-Site-Real-Time Method for Identifying Characteristic Parameters Using Ultrasonic Echo Groups and Neural Network

On-site and real-time non-destructive measurement of elastic constants for materials of a component in a in-service structure is a challenge due to structural complexities,such as ambiguous boundary,variable thickness,nonuniform material properties.This work develops for the first time a method that uses ultrasound echo groups and artificial neural network(ANN)for reliable on-site real-time identification of material parameters.The use of echo groups allows the use of lower frequencies,and hence more accommodative to structural complexity.To train the ANNs,a numerical model is established that is capable of computing the waveform of ultrasonic echo groups for any given set of material properties of a given structure.The waveform of an ultrasonic echo groups at an interest location on the surface the structure with material parameters varying in a predefined range are then computed using the numerical model.This results in a set of dataset for training the ANN model.Once the ANN is trained,the material parameters can be identified simultaneously using the actual measured echo waveform as input to the ANN.Intensive tests have been conducted both numerically and experimentally to evaluate the effectiveness and accuracy of the currently proposed method.The results show that the maximum identification error of numerical example is less than 2%,and the maximum identification error of experimental test is less than 7%.Compared with currently prevailing methods and equipment,the proposefy the density and thickness,in addition to the elastic constants.Moreover,the reliability and accuracy of inverse prediction is significantly improved.Thus,it has broad applications and enables real-time field measurements,which has not been fulfilled by any other available methods or equipment.

超声刀联合双极电凝治疗甲状腺结节的效果

目的分析甲状腺结节手术中实施超声刀联合双极电凝治疗的可行性。方法选取2021年1月至12月收治的50例需要实施手术治疗的甲状腺结节患者为研究对象,依据入院编号的奇偶性将其分为对照组与观察组,各25例。两组均行常规开放式超声刀甲状腺手术,对照组术中实施丝线结扎法止血,观察组术中实施双极电凝止血。比较两组的手术指标、术后并发症发生情况、炎症指标、治疗效果以及免疫功能指标。结果观察组的手术时间、切口长度、术后住院时间及术中止血耗时短于对照组,术中失血量少于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组的并发症总发生率明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。术后1 d,观察组的白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、C-反应蛋白(CRP)水平低于对照组,白细胞介素-10(IL-10)水平高于对照组(P<0.05)。两组的治疗总有效率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后3 d,观察组的CD4^(+)、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)、自然杀伤(NK)细胞高于对照组,CD8^(+)、CD4^(+)CD25^(+)低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论超声刀联合双极电凝治疗甲状腺结节可以显著降低手术损伤和术后并发症发生率,但无法提升患者的治疗总有效率。

超声刀在胃肠外科手术中的临床应用研究

目的:分析超声刀在胃肠外科手术中的临床应用效果。方法:选取2021年12月—2022年12月滨州市中心医院收治的80例胃肠外科手术患者作为研究对象,随机分为对照组及观察组,各40例。对照组采用常规电刀手术治疗,观察组采用超声刀手术治疗。比较两组治疗效果、手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间、手术切口长度及并发症发生率。结果:观察组患者治疗总有效率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P=0.013)。观察组手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间、手术切口长度低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组并发症发生率明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P=0.007)。结论:超声刀在胃肠外科手术中应用效果显著,具有微创、止血效果理想、出血量少、手术时间短等优点,有助于提高患者生活质量,值得推广。

Ultrasonic scalpel based on fusiform phononic crystal structure

In response to the ultrasonic scalpels with the vibrational modal coupling which leads to a decrease in efficiency,an ultrasonic scalpel based on fusiform phononic crystals(PnCs)is proposed.An accurate theoretical model is constructed,which is mainly composed of electromechanical equivalent circuit models to analyze the frequency response function and the frequency response curves of the admittance.Bragg band gaps exist in the fusiform PnCs owing to the periodic constraint,which can suppress the corresponding vibrational modes.The vibration characteristics(vibration mode,frequency,and displacement distribution)of the ultrasonic scalpel are analyzed,and the validity of the electromechanical equivalent circuit method is verified.The results indicate that other vibration modes near the working frequency can be isolated.In addition,blades based on fusiform PnCs have a function akin to that of the horn,which enables displacement amplification.

Source localization based on field signatures:Laboratory ultrasonic validation

Location awareness in wireless networks is essential for emergency services,navigation,gaming,and many other applications.This article presents a method for source localization based on measuring the amplitude-phase distribution of the field at the base station.The existing scatterers in the target area create unique scattered field interference at each source location.The unique field interference at each source location results in a unique field signature at the base station which is used for source localization.In the proposed method,the target area is divided into a grid with a step of less than half the wavelength.Each grid node is characterized by its field signature at the base station.Field signatures corresponding to all nodes are normalized and stored in the base station as fingerprints for source localization.The normalization of the field signatures avoids the need for time synchronization between the base station and the source.When a source transmits signals,the generated field signature at the base station is normalized and then correlated with the stored fingerprints.The maximum correlation value is given by the node to which the source is the closest.Numerical simulations and results of experiments on ultrasonic waves in the air show that the ultrasonic source is correctly localized using broadband field signatures with one base station and without time synchronization.The proposed method is potentially applicable for indoor localization and navigation of mobile robots.

Quantitative analysis of laser-generated ultrasonic wave characteristics and their correlation with grain size in polycrystalline materials

Quantitative relationship between nanosecond pulsed laser parameters and the characteristics of laser-generated ultrasonic waves in polycrystalline materials was evaluated.The high energy of the pulsed laser with a large irradiation spot simultaneously generated ultrasonic longitudinal and shear waves at the epicenter under the slight ablation regime.An optimized denoising technique based on wavelet thresholding and variational mode decomposition was applied to reduce noise in shear waves with a low signal-to-noise ratio.An approach for characterizing grain size was proposed using spectral central frequency ratio(SCFR)based on time-frequency analysis.The results demonstrate that the generation regime of ultrasonic waves is not solely determined by the laser power density;even at high power densities,a high energy with a large spot can generate an ultrasonic waveform dominated by the thermoelastic effect.This is ascribed to the intensification of the thermoelastic effect with the proportional increase in laser irradiation spot area for a given laser power density.Furthermore,both longitudinal and shear wave SCFRs are linearly related to grain size in polycrystalline materials;however,the shear wave SCFR is more sensitive to finer-grained materials.This study holds great significance for evaluating metal material properties using laser ultrasound.

Synergistically Improved Mechanical Properties and Thermal Conductivity of Hypoeutectic AlSiNiFeMg Alloy Prepared by Ultrasonic-assisted Casting

We employed a melt ultrasonic treatment near the liquidus to prepare a high-thermal-conductivity Al-4Si-2Ni-0.8Fe-0.4Mg alloy.The influences of various ultrasonic powers on its microstructure,mechanical properties,and thermal conductivity were investigated.It is shown that near-liquidus ultrasonication significantly refines the alloy grains and eutectic structure,synergistically improving the alloy’s mechanical properties and thermal conductivity.Specifically,the grain size decreased by 84.5%from 941.4 to 186.2μm.Increasing the ultrasonic power improved the thermal conductivity of the alloy slightly and significantly enhanced its mechanical properties.At an ultrasonic power of 2100 W,the tensile strength,yield strength,elongation rate,and thermal conductivity were 216 MPa,142 MPa,6.3%,and 169 W/(m·k),respectively.

Determining rock crack stress thresholds using ultrasonic through-transmission measurements

The crack initiation stress threshold is widely used in excavation industries as rock spalling strength when designing deep underground structures to avoid unwanted brittle failures.While various strain-based methods have been developed for the estimation of this critical design parameter,such methods are destructive and often requires subjective interpretations of the stress–strain curves,particularly in rocks with pre-existing microcracks or high porosity.This study explore the applicability of non-destructive ultrasonic through-transmission methods for determining rock damage levels by assessing the changes in transmitted signal characteristics during loading.The change in velocity,amplitude,dominant frequency,and root-mean-square voltage are investigated with four different rock types including marble,sandstone,granite,and basalt under various stress levels.Results suggest the rate of signal variations can be reliably used to estimate crack closure and crack initiation stress levels across the tested rocks before failure.Comparison of the results between the conventional techniques and the new proposed methods based on ultrasonic monitoring are further discussed.

Low palladium content CeO_(2)/ZnO composite for acetone sensor with sub-second response prepared by ultrasonic method

In practical applications,noble metal doping is often used to prepare high performance gas sensors,but more noble metal doping will lead to higher preparation costs.In this study,CeO_(2)/ZnO-Pd with low palladium content was prepared by ultrasonic method with fast response and high selectivity for acetone sensing.With the same amount of palladium added,the selectivity coefficient of CeO_(2)/ZnO-Pd is 1.88 times higher than that of the stirred sensor.Compared with the pure PdO-doped CeO_(2)/ZnO-PdO material,the content of Pd in CeO_(2)/ZnO-PdO is about 30%of that in CeO_(2)/ZnO-PdO,but the selectivity coefficient for acetone is 2.56 times higher.The CeO_(2)/ZnO-Pd sensor has a higher response(22.54)to 50×10^(−6) acetone at 300℃and the selectivity coefficient is 2.57 times that of the CeO_(2)/ZnO sensor.The sensor has a sub-second response time(0.6 s)and still has a 2.36 response to 330×10^(−9) of acetone.Ultrasonic doping makes Pd particles smaller and increases the contact area with gas.Meanwhile,the composition of n-p-n heterojunction and the synergistic effect of Pd/PdO improve the sensor performance.It shows that ultrasonic Pd doping provides a way to improve the utilization rate of doped metals and prepare highly selective gas sensors.

Microstructure and forming mechanism of metals subjected to ultrasonic vibration plastic forming: A mini review

Compared with traditional plastic forming,ultrasonic vibration plastic forming has the advantages of reducing the forming force and improving the surface quality of the workpiece.This technology has a very broad application prospect in industrial manufactur-ing.Researchers have conducted extensive research on the ultrasonic vibration plastic forming of metals and laid a deep foundation for the development of this field.In this review,metals were classified according to their crystal structures.The effects of ultrasonic vibration on the microstructure of face-centered cubic,body-centered cubic,and hexagonal close-packed metals during plastic forming and the mech-anism underlying ultrasonic vibration forming were reviewed.The main challenges and future research direction of the ultrasonic vibra-tion plastic forming of metals were also discussed.

Comparative analysis of single-crater parameters in ultrasonic-assisted and unassisted micro-EDM of Ti6Al4V using discharge plasma imaging

Ultrasonic-assisted micro-electro-discharge machining(EDM)has the potential to enhance processing responses such as material removal rate(MRR)and surface finish.To understand the reasons for this enhancement,the physical mechanisms responsible for the individual discharges and the craters that they form need to be explored.This work examines features of craters formed by single discharges at various parameter values in both conventional and ultrasonic-assistedEDM of Ti6Al4V.High-speed imaging of the plasma channel is performed,and data on the individual discharges are captured in real-time.A 2D axisymmetric model using finite element software is established to model crater formation.On the basis of simulation and experimental results,a comparative study is then carried out to examine the effects of ultrasonic vibrational assistance on crater geometry.For every set ofEDM parameters,the crater diameter and depth from a single discharge are found to be higher in ultrasonic-assistedEDM than in conventionalEDM.The improved crater geometry and the reduced bulge formation at the crater edges are attributed to the increased melt pool velocity and temperature predicted by the model.

Improving fatigue properties of normal direction ultrasonic vibration assisted face grinding Inconel 718 by regulating machined surface integrity

Fatigue properties are crucial for critical aero-engine components in extreme serviceenvironments,which are significantly affected by surface integrity(SI)indexes(especially surface topography,residual stressσ_(res),and microhardness)after machining processes.Normal-direction ultrasonic vibration-assisted face grinding(ND-UVAFG)has advantages in improving the machinability of Inconel 718,but there is a competitive relationship between higher compressiveσ_(res)and higher surface roughness R_(a)in affecting fatigue strength.The lack of a quantitative relationship between multiple SI indexes and fatigue strength makes theindeterminacy of a regulatory strategy for improving fatigue properties.In this work,a model of fatigue strength(σ_f)_(sur)considering multiple SI indexes was developed.Then,high-cycle fatigue tests were carried out on Inconel 718 samples with different SI characteristics,and the influence of ND-UVAFG process parameters on SI was analyzed.Based on SI indexes data,the(σ_f)_(sur)distribution in the grinding surface layer for ND-UVAFG Inconel 718 samples was determined using the developed model,and then the fatigue crack initiation(FCI)sites were furtherpredicted.The predicted FCI sites corresponded well with the experimental results,therebyverifying this model.A strategy for improving the fatigue life was proposed in this work,which was to transfer the fatigue source from the machined surface to the bulk material by controlling the SI indexes.Finally,a critical condition of SI indexes that FCI sites appeared on the surface or in bulk material was given by fitting the predicted results.According to the critical condition,an SI field where FCI sites appeared in the bulk material could be obtained.In this field,thefatigue life of Inconel 718 samples could be improved by approximately 140%.

超声刀与LigaSure在腹腔镜子宫全切术中的应用效果比较

目的比较超声刀与LigaSure在腹腔镜子宫全切术中的应用效果。方法前瞻性选取2021年1月至2023年1月在洛阳市第三人民医院接受腹腔镜子宫全切术的98例患者,依据随机数字表法分为两组,各49例,根据术中应用器械分别命名为超声刀组和LigaSure组。比较两组临床指标,术前和术后6个月雌二醇(E2)、卵泡刺激素(FSH)、黄体生成素(LH)、基础窦卵泡计数(AFC)、盆腔功能,以及术后输尿管损伤、切口感染、阴道残端出血、膀胱刺激征等并发症发生情况。结果两组手术时间、术后排气时间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);LigaSure组术中出血量少于超声刀组,住院时间短于超声刀组(P<0.05)。两组术后6个月E2、AFC水平低于术前,FSH、LH水平高于术前(P<0.05);术前两组E2、FSH、LH、AFC水平比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),术后6个月,LigaSure组E2水平高于超声刀组,FSH、LH水平低于超声刀组(P<0.05)。LigaSure组和超声刀组术后尿失禁发生率分别为12.24%、6.12%(P>0.05)。LigaSure组和超声刀组术后并发症发生率分别为10.20%、8.16%(P>0.05)。结论超声刀与LigaSure用于腹腔镜子宫全切术中均安全可靠,其中LigaSure对术后卵巢功能影响更小。