Physicians previously thought that heart disease was rare in patients with end stage liver disease. However, recent evidence shows that the prevalence of ischemic heart disease and cardiomyopathy is increased in trans...Physicians previously thought that heart disease was rare in patients with end stage liver disease. However, recent evidence shows that the prevalence of ischemic heart disease and cardiomyopathy is increased in transplant candidates compared to most other surgical candidates. Investigators estimate that up to 26% of all liver transplant candidates have at least one critical coronary artery stenosis and that at least half of these patients will die perioperatively of cardiac complications. Cardiomyopathy also occurs in greater frequency. While all patients with advanced cardiac disease have defects in cardiac performance, a larger than expected number of patients have classical findings of dilated, restrictive and hypertropic cardiomyopathy. This may explain why up to 56% of patients suffer from hypoxemia due to pulmonary edema following transplant surgery. There is considerable controversy on how to screen transplant candidates for the presence of heart disease. Questions focus upon, which patients should be screened and what tests should be used. This review examines screening strategies for transplant candidates and details the prognostic value of common tests used to identify ischemic heart disease. We also review the physiological consequences of cardiomyopathy in transplant candidates and explore the specific syndrome of "cirrhotic cardiomyopathy".展开更多
A 78-year-old man with a history of mitral valve prolapse underwent echocardiography during his cardiological check-up examination in 2011 in a symptom-free stage. Echocardiography revealed akinesis of the inferior se...A 78-year-old man with a history of mitral valve prolapse underwent echocardiography during his cardiological check-up examination in 2011 in a symptom-free stage. Echocardiography revealed akinesis of the inferior septum and inferobasal free wall as a novel finding suggesting a distal right coronary artery （RCA） lesion （Figure 1）. The systolic left ventricular function was normal. Earlier echocardiographies did not show wall motion abnormalities.展开更多
文摘Physicians previously thought that heart disease was rare in patients with end stage liver disease. However, recent evidence shows that the prevalence of ischemic heart disease and cardiomyopathy is increased in transplant candidates compared to most other surgical candidates. Investigators estimate that up to 26% of all liver transplant candidates have at least one critical coronary artery stenosis and that at least half of these patients will die perioperatively of cardiac complications. Cardiomyopathy also occurs in greater frequency. While all patients with advanced cardiac disease have defects in cardiac performance, a larger than expected number of patients have classical findings of dilated, restrictive and hypertropic cardiomyopathy. This may explain why up to 56% of patients suffer from hypoxemia due to pulmonary edema following transplant surgery. There is considerable controversy on how to screen transplant candidates for the presence of heart disease. Questions focus upon, which patients should be screened and what tests should be used. This review examines screening strategies for transplant candidates and details the prognostic value of common tests used to identify ischemic heart disease. We also review the physiological consequences of cardiomyopathy in transplant candidates and explore the specific syndrome of "cirrhotic cardiomyopathy".
文摘A 78-year-old man with a history of mitral valve prolapse underwent echocardiography during his cardiological check-up examination in 2011 in a symptom-free stage. Echocardiography revealed akinesis of the inferior septum and inferobasal free wall as a novel finding suggesting a distal right coronary artery （RCA） lesion （Figure 1）. The systolic left ventricular function was normal. Earlier echocardiographies did not show wall motion abnormalities.
