超声波辐照下PVC的降解及与丙烯酸丁酯共聚反应的研究

研究了在超声波辐照下，聚氯乙烯（ＰＶＣ）在环己酮溶液中的降解及与丙烯酸丁酯（ＢＡ）的共聚反应。结果表明，ＰＶＣ在超声波辐照下可降解成低分子量产物，其分子结构与玻璃化温度基本未变。ＰＶＣ的超声降解符合一般力降解规律，降解动力学方程为（２１．５ｋＨｚ，３８０Ｗ，２５℃１．０％ＰＶＣ）ｌｎ＝１．５６×１０^（－４）ｔ。经ＩＲ、ＸＰＳ、ＮＭＲ等分析表明，ＰＶＣ与ＢＡ的超声共聚产物主要为嵌段共聚物。所得共聚物可以明显提高ＰＶＣ的冲击强度。

Degradation of chlorothalonil by ultrasonic irradiation:Kinetics and impact factors

Factors on degradation of chlorothalonil(CLT) in water by high frequency ultrasonic irradiation were investigated.The effects of initial concentration of chlorothalonil,dosages of tertiary butyl alcohol,humic acid and initial pH value on degradation of chlorothalonil,as well as the reaction mechanism were studied.The results reveal that chlorothalonil could be effectively degradated by ultrasonic irradiation.The reaction constant value kapp decreased from 0.014 1 to 0.010 2 min-1 with the initial concentration increasing from 50 to 400 μg/L during 180 min irradiation.Tertiary butyl alcohol had negative effect on chlorothalonil degradation,while lower concentration of humic acid promoted the sonolysis,and kapp declined with the further concentration increasing.The kapp varied little when the pH value ranged from 3.10 to 10.28.It may be concluded that mechanical and pyrolysis process played main roles on the degradation of chlorothalonil in ultrasonic irradiation rather than ·OH attack.The electrical energy per order(EEo) values for sonolysis degradation of CLT were also calculated to evaluate the cost of the process.