跨时空框架下的语言“超多样性”研究——《多样性与超多样性:社会文化语言学视角》评介

在多样性和超多样性并存的全球化时代,语言交际的形式正经历深刻变革。由Anna De Fina,Didem Ikizoglu和Jeremy Wegner主编的《多样性与超多样性:社会文化语言学视角》一书,探讨了世界变革中的交际和符号互动方式,为全球化背景下社会语言学的发展提供了新的理论视角和研究内容。本文概述了该书的主要内容,并结合社会语言学的研究传统和发展背景对该书作了简要评价。

《多语研究导论：世界变革中的语言》述评

该书聚焦全球化时代语言和社会之间的关系,首先系统梳理了世界多语现状,清晰归纳了多语的定义与相关概念,其次讨论了多语环境下的权力问题。在此基础上,该书从微观到宏观,分别探讨了个人多语、机构多语、城市多语、国家多语和网络多语现象,并试图解释多语现象处于不断变化之中的原因。最后,作者讨论了多语视角下语言和社会的关系,并集中探讨了多语研究的方法。对于社会语言学、语言政策、语言习得、语言教育领域的学者,特别是有志于开展多语研究的人们而言,该书有助于发掘具体的研究话题和研究内容。

The Super-population Bridges the Habitat Diversity and Biodiversity

There is another way for new species to invade former settlers＇ habitats and successfully settle there; it is demonstrated that the su- per-population, which plays a key role in changing the world-wide environment, can create many new microhabitats in the old habitat, it is these new microhabitats that make new species easily come into the old habitat and settle there without fierce competition with former settlers. In other words, the super-population lead to the differentiation of the worldwide environment, lead to the environmental diversity in the biosphere. Through the differentiation of the environment the super-population produces many new microhabitats for new species, the appearance of many new microhabitats make it possible for new species to coexist with former settlers in the biosphere. The cqexistence of new species with former settlers or with new species＇ ＂ancestors＂ results in the increaseing in the biodiversity of the biosphere. The super-population is the founder of many new environments on the earth, it bridges the habitat diversity and the biodiversity. Now It is easy to explain the phenomenon that new species sometimes coexist with former settlers and even depend on former settlers in the biosphere rather than fierce competition between them.

Crystal structure and superconductivity at about 30 K in ACa_2Fe_4As_4F_2(A = Rb,Cs)

We have synthesized two iron fluo-arsenides ACa2Fe4As4Fz with A = Rb and Cs, analogous to the newly discovered superconductor KCazFe4As4F2. The quinary inor- ganic compounds crystallize in a body-centered tetragonal lattice with space group I4/mmm, which contain double Fe2As2 layers that are separated by insulating Ca2F2 layers. The electrical and magnetic measurements on the polycrys- talline samples demonstrate that the new materials undergo superconducting transitions at Tc = 30.5 and 28.2 K, respec- tively, without extrinsic doping. The correlations between Tc and structural parameters are discussed.

Coronarenes: recent advances and perspectives on macrocyclic and supramolecular chemistry

Synthetic macrocyclic host molecules always play an essential role in the establishment and development of supramolecular chemistry. Along with the continuous interests in the study of classical macrocycles, recent decades have witnessed the emergence and rapid development of the chemistry and supramolecular chemistry of novel and functional macrocycles. Owing to their easy availability, a self-tunable V-shaped cavity resulted from 1,3-alternate conformation, and diversified electronic features steered by the interplay between heteroatom linkages and aromatic rings, heteracalixaromatics act as a type of versatile and powerful macrocyclic hosts in molecular recognition and fabrication of supramolecular systems. Very recently, by means of engineering the bond connectivity or the recombination of chemical bonds within heteracalixaromatics, we have devised coronarenes, a new generation of macrocycles. In this concise review, macrocyclic and supramolecular chemistry of coronarenes are summarized in the order of their syntheses, structural features, molecular recognition and self-assembly properties. In the last part of this article, personal perspectives on the study of macrocyclic and supramolecular chemistry will also be discussed.