非线性科学中的对称性研究及其应用

自1990年宁波大学非线性科学课题组完成非线性系统对称性约化的第1个对称性专题研究以来,宁波大学的非线性科学研究,特别是非线性系统的对称性研究成为一个特色,引起了同行的广泛关注.宁波大学非线性科学团队在对称性研究方面的主要进展有:递推算子的因式化和逆递推算子及逆对称和逆可积梯队、形式级数对称法、非局域对称及其局域化、达布变换和非局域对称、条件对称和分离变量法、对称群直接法、群不变非线性系统分类、超对称和玻色化、留数对称、从对称性到达布变换、非局域对称的对称性约化和相容Riccati展开法、完备对称和可积性、大气和海洋系统中的对称性应用、离散对称和多地物理学、局域对称和非局域对称的对偶及可积系统的正梯队和负梯队的对偶等.

Asymmetric photocatalysis over robust covalent organic frameworks with tetrahydroquinoline linkage

The asymmetric photocatalytic organic synthesis(APOS)process is a sustainable and environmentally benign method for the production of optically active chemicals with sunlight as an energy source.However,it still lacks efficient semiconductors with tunable band structures and has a low recycling stability.Herein,we report the synthesis of tetrahydroquinoline-linked covalent organic frameworks(QH-COFs)with irreversible tetrahydroquinoline linkage as efficient semiconductors for the visible-light-driven asymmetricα-alkylation of aldehydes by merging with a chiral secondary amine.Up to 94%ee was obtained over QH-COFs,and the activity of QH-COFs was significantly higher than those of inorganic semiconductors(e.g.,Ti O2,Bi VO4,and WO3)under similar conditions,which is mainly attributed to their narrow band gap and suitable band edge.As far as we know,QH-COFs are the most active semiconductors for asymmetricα-alkylation of aldehydes ever reported.The QH-COFs were prepared via a one-pot Povarov cascade imine formation and cycloaddition reaction using Sc(OTf)3/Yb(OTf)3 as Lewis acid catalysts.Attributed to the tetrahydroquinoline linkage,QH-COFs showed extremely high recycling stability,which made practicals application possible.This work not only opens up a new avenue for asymmetric photocatalysis but also provides an efficient and general method for the construction of robust COFs.

SUSY QCD Impact on Top-Pair Production Associated with a Z^0-Boson at a Photon-Photon Collider

The top-pair production in association with a Z^0-boson at a photon-photon collider is an important process in probing the coupling between top-quarks and vector boson and discovering the signature of possible new physics. We describe the impact of the complete supersymmetric QCD （SQCD） next-to-leading order （NLO） radiative corrections on this process at a polarized or unpolarized photon collider, and make a comparison between the effects of the SQCD and the standard model （SM） QCD. We investigate the dependence of the lowest-order （LO） and QCD NLO corrected cross sections in both the SM and minimal supersymmetric standard model （MSSM） on colliding energy √s in different polarized photon collision modes. The LO, SM NLO, and SQCD NLO corrected distributions of the invariant mass of tt^--pair and the transverse momenta of final Z^0-boson are presented. Our numerical results show that the pure SQCD effects in γγ →tt^- Z^0 process can be more significant in the ＋＋ polarized photon collision mode than in other collision modes, and the relative SQCD radiative correction in unpolarized photon collision mode varies from 32.09% to -1.89% when √s goes up from 500 GeV to 1.5 TeV.

包含轻子结构的夸克模型

对标准模型作手征性扩充后，模型中平行地存在手征性相反的夸克态．相应于构成强子的ｆ代普通夸克，新加的同样代数、手征性相反的夸克可能构成轻子．对扩充后的模型超对称化之后，使得渐近自由性质的破坏所要求的代的数目从大于３３／８减少到大于９／４，从而有可能解释手征相反的夸克构成的轻子为什么比普通夸克构成的强子大小要小得多等特点．

Nonlocal Symmetry Reductions for Bosonized Supersymmetric Burgers Equation

Based on the bosonization approach, the supersymmetric Burgers(SB) system is transformed to a coupled bosonic system. By solving the bosonized SB(BSB) equation, the difficulties caused by the anticommutative fermionic field of the SB equation can be avoided. The nonlocal symmetry for the BSB equation is obtained by the truncated Painlev′e method. By introducing multiple new fields, the finite symmetry transformation for the BSB equation is derived by solving the first Lie's principle of the prolonged systems. Some group invariant solutions are obtained with the similarity reductions related by the nonlocal symmetry.

Exact Solutions of Supersymmetric KdV-a System via Bosonization Approach

Bosonization approach is applied in solving the most general ;N= 1 supersymmetric Korteweg de-Vries equation with an arbitrary parameter a （sKdV-a） equation. By introducing some fermionic parameters in the expansion of the superfield, the sKdV-a equation is transformed to a new coupled bosoNic system. The Lie point symmetries of this model are considered and similarity reductions of it are conducted. Several types of similarity reduction solutions of the coupled bosonie equations are simply obtained for all values of a, Some kinds of exact solutions of the sKdV-a equation are discussed which was not considered integrable previously.

Oxygen vacancies boosting ultra-stability of mesoporous ZnO-CoO@N-doped carbon microspheres for asymmetric supercapacitors

Long-term cycling stability of pseudocapacitive materials is pursued for high-energy supercapacitors.Herein,the mesoporous zinc-cobalt oxide heterostructure@nitrogendoped carbon(ZnO-CoO@NC)microspheres with abundant oxygen vacancies are self-assembled through a hydrothermal method combined with an annealing post-treatment.The multifunctional polyvinyl pyrrolidone(PVP)is used as a structure-directing agent,the precursor of NC and the initiator of abundant oxygen vacancies in zinc-cobalt oxide microspheres.XPS demonstrates the generation of surface oxygen vacancies resulted from the reduction effect of conductive NC,and further confirms the weaker interaction between the metal ions and oxygen atoms.As a result,the electrode based on ZnO-CoO@NC in 2 mol L^-1 KOH shows enhanced capacitive performance with an excellent cycle stability of 92%retention of the initial capacitance after 40,000 charge-discharge cycles at 2 A g^-1,keeping the morphology unchanged.The assembled asymmetric supercapacitor,graphene//ZnO-CoO@NC,also performs good cyclic stability with 94%capacitance retention after 10,000 cycles at 2 A g^-1.The remarkable electrochemical performance of the self-assembled ZnO-CoO@NC composite is attributed to the mesoporous architecture,abundant oxygen vacancies,conductive ZnO scaffold for CoO crystals forming heterostructure of ZnO-CoO and the high conductive NC layer covering outside of the multi-metal oxide nanoparticles.Hence,the ZnO-CoO@NC holds great promise for high-performance energy storage applications.

Numerical study on the characteristics of natural supercavitation by planar symmetric wedge-shaped cavitators for rotational supercavitating evaporator

With the application of supercavitation effect, a novel device named rotational supercavitating evaporator(RSCE) was recently designed for desalination. In order to improve the blade shape of rotational cavitator in RSCE for performance optimization and then design three-dimensional blades, numerical simulations are conducted on the supercavitating flows(with cavitation number ranging from 0.055 to 0.315) around two-dimensional planar symmetric wedge-shaped cavitators with different wedge angles varied from 10 to 180 degrees. Proper numerical method for simulating supercavitating flows around planar symmetric cavitator is established, and assessment of k-ε-v2 -f turbulence model in simulating cavitating flows is conducted. It shows that the size of computational domain would affect the simulation result. Empirical formulae for supercavity dimensions about cavitation number at different wedge angles are obtained, which are of significant importance in the subsequent design of three-dimensional blade. The characteristics of resistance at different wedge angles are discussed, which, together with the characteristics of supercavity dimensions, play important roles in the optimal design of RSCE.

Hierarchical mesoporous Co_3O_4@ZnCo_2O_4 hybrid nanowire arrays supported on Ni foam for high-performance asymmetric supercapacitors

In this paper, hierarchical mesoporous Co3O4@ZnCo2O4 hybrid nanowire arrays（NWAs） on Ni foam were prepared through a two-step hydrothermal process associated with successive annealing treatment. The Co3O4@ZnCo2O4 hybrid NWAs exhibited excellent electrochemical performances with a high specific capacity of 1,240.5 C g^-1 at a current density of 2 mA cm^-2, with rate capability of 59.0%shifting from 2 to 30 mA cm^-2, and only a 9.1% loss of its capacity even after 3,000 cycles at a consistent current density of 10 mA cm^-2. An asymmetric supercapacitor（Co3O4@ZnCo2O4 NWAs｜｜activated carbon） was fabricated and exhibited a high specific capacity of 168 C g^-1 at a current density of 1 A g^-1. And a preferable energy density of 37.3 W h kg^-1 at a power density of 800 W kg^-1 was obtained. The excellent electrochemical performances indicate the promising potential application of the hierarchical mesoporous Co3O4@ZnCo2O4 hybrid NWAs in energy storage field.