基于一个中等复杂程度模式(ICM)集合预报系统(EPS)产生的海表温度距平(SSTA)预报产品,从误差增长的角度探讨了2015/16超强El Nio事件的"春季可预报性障碍"(SPB)问题.通过分析集合预报成员预报误差的增长倾向,发现了2015/16 ...基于一个中等复杂程度模式(ICM)集合预报系统(EPS)产生的海表温度距平(SSTA)预报产品,从误差增长的角度探讨了2015/16超强El Nio事件的"春季可预报性障碍"(SPB)问题.通过分析集合预报成员预报误差的增长倾向,发现了2015/16 El Nio事件的预报误差增长呈现显著的季节依赖性,且在春/夏季具有最大增长率,表明ICM-EPS对2015/16 El Nio事件的预报发生了明显的SPB现象.进一步分析表明,上述SPB现象不是由ICM初始场的不确定性引起,而是由其模式误差导致,而ICM-EPS集合预报成员的平均滤掉了部分模式误差的影响,减弱了SPB现象,从而使得2015/16 El Nio事件的预报产生较小的预报误差.通过探讨由海温方程的倾向误差表征的模式误差,该研究揭示了导致SPB现象发生的倾向误差的主要空间特征,并阐明了ICM-EPS低估2015/16El Nio事件强度的原因.此外,本文也揭示了导致显著SPB现象,尤其是导致最大预报误差的SSTA倾向误差的结构特征.该倾向误差的SSTA分量具有赤道中东太平洋负异常,西太平洋正异常的纬向偶极子结构,与Duan等提出的最敏感非线性强迫奇异向量(NFSV)-倾向误差高度相似,从而表明NFSV-型倾向误差也存在于实际的El Nio预报中.该研究也探讨了其他超强El Nio事件,如1982/83和1997/98事件,得到了类似的结果.因此,如果利用NFSV-型倾向误差校正ICM模式误差,ICM-EPS可大大提高超强El Nio事件的预报技巧.展开更多
The authors explore the intraseasonal oscillation(ISO)of rainfall anomalies in South China,the related circulation regimes,and discuss the possible causes of the large variability of the positive rainfall anomalies ov...The authors explore the intraseasonal oscillation(ISO)of rainfall anomalies in South China,the related circulation regimes,and discuss the possible causes of the large variability of the positive rainfall anomalies over South China during the winter of the 1982/83,1997/98 and 2015/16 super EI Nino events.Case-by-case analysis shows that the 10–20-day ISO associated with the successive heavy rainfall events lead to the positive anomalies of winter rainfall in the three winters.Meanwhile,the 20–50-day ISO is relatively stronger in the winter of 1982/83 and 2015/16 but weaker in the winter of 1997/98.Except for a different speed,the anomalies of the 200-hPa wave train associated with the two ISOs both propagate eastward along the westerly jet between 20 N and 30 N.In the winter of 1982/83 and 2015/16,when the upper-level subseasonal wave trains in different periods pass through South China,the in-phase enhancement of upper-level divergences and the pumping effect could induce the persistent heavy rainfall events,which facilitate the stronger seasonal-mean rainfall.Although the 10–20-day ISO alone in the winter of 1997/98 could cause the higher-frequency rainfall events,the weaker 20–50-day ISO attenuates the anomalies of the South China winter rainfall.Therefore,the joint effects of the 10–20-and 20–50-day ISOs are critical for the larger amount of above-normal rainfall over South China during the mature phase of super EI Nino events.展开更多
文摘基于一个中等复杂程度模式(ICM)集合预报系统(EPS)产生的海表温度距平(SSTA)预报产品,从误差增长的角度探讨了2015/16超强El Nio事件的"春季可预报性障碍"(SPB)问题.通过分析集合预报成员预报误差的增长倾向,发现了2015/16 El Nio事件的预报误差增长呈现显著的季节依赖性,且在春/夏季具有最大增长率,表明ICM-EPS对2015/16 El Nio事件的预报发生了明显的SPB现象.进一步分析表明,上述SPB现象不是由ICM初始场的不确定性引起,而是由其模式误差导致,而ICM-EPS集合预报成员的平均滤掉了部分模式误差的影响,减弱了SPB现象,从而使得2015/16 El Nio事件的预报产生较小的预报误差.通过探讨由海温方程的倾向误差表征的模式误差,该研究揭示了导致SPB现象发生的倾向误差的主要空间特征,并阐明了ICM-EPS低估2015/16El Nio事件强度的原因.此外,本文也揭示了导致显著SPB现象,尤其是导致最大预报误差的SSTA倾向误差的结构特征.该倾向误差的SSTA分量具有赤道中东太平洋负异常,西太平洋正异常的纬向偶极子结构,与Duan等提出的最敏感非线性强迫奇异向量(NFSV)-倾向误差高度相似,从而表明NFSV-型倾向误差也存在于实际的El Nio预报中.该研究也探讨了其他超强El Nio事件,如1982/83和1997/98事件,得到了类似的结果.因此,如果利用NFSV-型倾向误差校正ICM模式误差,ICM-EPS可大大提高超强El Nio事件的预报技巧.
基金jointly supported by the Special Fund for Public Welfare Industry[grant number GYHY20140619]the National Natural Science Foundation of China[grant numbers41475057,41775052 and 41505049]the Basic Scientific Research and Operation Foundation of CAMS[grant numbers2015Z001 and 2017R001]
文摘The authors explore the intraseasonal oscillation(ISO)of rainfall anomalies in South China,the related circulation regimes,and discuss the possible causes of the large variability of the positive rainfall anomalies over South China during the winter of the 1982/83,1997/98 and 2015/16 super EI Nino events.Case-by-case analysis shows that the 10–20-day ISO associated with the successive heavy rainfall events lead to the positive anomalies of winter rainfall in the three winters.Meanwhile,the 20–50-day ISO is relatively stronger in the winter of 1982/83 and 2015/16 but weaker in the winter of 1997/98.Except for a different speed,the anomalies of the 200-hPa wave train associated with the two ISOs both propagate eastward along the westerly jet between 20 N and 30 N.In the winter of 1982/83 and 2015/16,when the upper-level subseasonal wave trains in different periods pass through South China,the in-phase enhancement of upper-level divergences and the pumping effect could induce the persistent heavy rainfall events,which facilitate the stronger seasonal-mean rainfall.Although the 10–20-day ISO alone in the winter of 1997/98 could cause the higher-frequency rainfall events,the weaker 20–50-day ISO attenuates the anomalies of the South China winter rainfall.Therefore,the joint effects of the 10–20-and 20–50-day ISOs are critical for the larger amount of above-normal rainfall over South China during the mature phase of super EI Nino events.
