反应堆几何效应对超短基线反应堆中微子实验中微子流强的影响

在超短基线反应堆中微子实验中,探测器与反应堆的距离较短,反应堆的几何效应对中微子能谱和中微子流强的影响可能无法忽略,需要对其影响进行评估。本文根据EPR(European Pressurized Reactor)堆芯的结构建立反应堆中微子源模型和点中微子源模型,研究了超短基线反应堆中微子实验中反应堆尺寸对中微子能谱和流强的影响,讨论了堆芯内功率误差分布对点源模型下预期中微子流强的影响。研究结果表明,由于反应堆的几何效应,使用点源模型会使预期中微子事例率低约0.08%~0.40%,堆芯的几何效应对中微子能谱的形状影响则在10-6量级。在超短基线反应堆中微子实验中,计算中微子流强时可以采用基于堆芯几何中心的点中微子源模型,在这种模型下,由统计误差和系统误差引入的误差可以忽略不计。

变应原皮试致超敏反应3例报告

变应原皮试致超敏反应３例报告空军西安医院内一科江玲变应原皮肤试验所导致的是Ｉ型（速发型）变态反应。因其反应快速，并以血管扩张和渗出为主，就有可能使个别高敏患者出现超敏反应。我院自１９８６年开展此项工作以来，遇到３例皮试时发生超敏反应的病例，现报告如下...

Ultrastructure and Protein Composition Changes during Acrosome Reaction in the Sperm of Chinese Shrimp, Fenneropenaeus Chinensis

Egg water was used to induce acrosome reaction in mature sperm of Fenneropenaeus chinensis .Transmission electron microscope and SDS PAGE were used to study the ultrastructure and protein changes of the sperm in F.chinensis ,which has undergone acrosome reaction.The results demonstrated that the sperms from female thelycum could be induced acrosome reaction in vitro by egg water,which was a kind of egg jelly released from oocyte into seawater during oocyte activation.More than fifty percent of sperm finished acrosome reaction during the first 30 min, in vitro .The whole event consists of the retraction of the spike and acrosome exocytosis.Spike was retracted and fused to acrosome cap followed by the release of acrosome granules.When the original egg water was diluted 5 and 10 times,The diluted egg water also have the ability to induce sperm acrosome reaction,but the acrosome reaction rate is much lower than that of the original egg water in the same time.Capillary zone electrophoresis was used to detect the biochemical components of egg water.Egg water was composed of two different components,which were also demonstrated by SDS PAGE.The molecular weights of the two kinds of egg jellies are both about 200kDa.Gelatin substrate SDS PAGE results did not show any hydrolytic enzyme activity in egg water.After acrosome reaction,many sorts of proteins in sperm are degraded.When the reacted sperms were examined with gelatin substrate SDS PAGE,there were six major peptide bands with hydrolytic enzyme activity were detected.Their molecular weights are 200kDa,130 kDa,66 kDa,53 kDa,48 kDa and 41 kDa respectively.These hydrolases cannot be detected in the sperms before acrosome reaction.The acrosome reaction of Chinese shrimp, F.chinensis is much different to that of the sperm in the shrimp, Sicyonia ingentis ,which the acrosome reaction was clearly studied.There is not filament formation during the acrosome reaction in Chinese shrimp.The time of exocytosis in the sperm of Chinese shrimp is also much longer than that of the sperm of Sicyonia ingentis .

Carbon-supported ultrafine Pt nanoparticles modified with trace amounts of cobalt as enhanced oxygen reduction reaction catalysts for proton exchange membrane fuel cells

To accelerate the kinetics of the oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)in proton exchange membrane fuel cells,ultrafine Pt nanoparticles modified with trace amounts of cobalt were fabricated and decorated on carbon black through a strategy involving modified glycol reduction and chemical etching.The obtained Pt36Co/C catalyst exhibits a much larger electrochemical surface area(ECSA)and an improved ORR electrocatalytic activity compared to commercial Pt/C.Moreover,an electrode prepared with Pt36Co/C was further evaluated under H2-air single cell test conditions,and exhibited a maximum specific power density of 10.27 W mgPt^-1,which is 1.61 times higher than that of a conventional Pt/C electrode and also competitive with most state-of-the-art Pt-based architectures.In addition,the changes in ECSA,power density,and reacting resistance during the accelerated degradation process further demonstrate the enhanced durability of the Pt36Co/C electrode.The superior performance observed in this work can be attributed to the synergy between the ultrasmall size and homogeneous distribution of catalyst nanoparticles,bimetallic ligand and electronic effects,and the dissolution of unstable Co with the rearrangement of surface structure brought about by acid etching.Furthermore,the accessible raw materials and simplified operating procedures involved in the fabrication process would result in great cost-effectiveness for practical applications of PEMFCs.

A Miniature Droplet Reactor Built on Nanoparticle-Derived Superhydrophobic Pedestals

The capability to design and modulate materials, shapes, heat transfer, and mass mixing during the process of developing chemical reactors has allowed researchers to explore millions of chemical reactions and assays. However, despite the advantages in engineering array-based microreactors or microfluidic systems, the wetting attachment between solutions of reagents/products and the glass or polymer substrates of containers leads to difficulties in collecting products effectively and preventing channel blockage. Herein we present a miniature droplet reactor which takes advantage of the anti-wetting and low-adhesive properties of nanoparticle-derived superhydrophobic pedestals, allowing aqueous droplets to be manipulated freely but also providing a confined environment for performing a series of aqueous phase chemical reactions on a small scale. Gas- or precipitate- forming reactions can also be performed inside this miniature reactor. Most importantly, reaction products in liquid, solid or gaseous states can be collected effectively, which allows the harvesting of valuable products formed in limited amounts. Such a miniature reactor built on superhydrophobic pedestals provides a new way of performing common chemical reactions and may open the door to the design of next-generation microreaction systems.

Direct evidence of the existence of specific LPS binding sites on vascular endot helial cells

Objective:To investigate the binding characteri stics of endothelial cell (EC) with LPS free from the participation of serum fac tors. Methods:Laser confocal microscope was employed in the observat ion of the binding of EC with FITC-LPS. The KD and the binding sites of each EC were calculated by radioligand binding assay of receptors (RBA) using [ 3H] -LPS. Results:The binding of EC with LPS was saturable, time and con centration dependent and it could be competed with overdosed LPS of the same typ e. The fluorescence mainly distributed in cytoplasm, especially near the nucleus , which could also be stained. Conclusions:There might be some specific LPS binding sites exi sting on ECs and LPS could function intracellularily.

Direct Urca Processes Involving Proton ^1S0 Superfluidity in Neutron Star Cooling

A detailed description of the baryon direct Urca processes A: n → p + e + ν_e, B: Λ→ p + e + ν_e and C: Ξ^-→Λ + e + ν_e related to the neutron star cooling is given in the relativistic mean field approximation. The contributions of the reactions B and C on the neutrino luminosity are calculated by means of the relativistic expressions of the neutrino energy losses. Our results show that the total neutrino luminosities of the reactions A, B and C within the mass range(1.603–2.067) M_⊙((1.515–1.840) M_⊙ for TM1 model) for GM1 model are larger than the corresponding values for neutron star without hyperons. Furthermore, although the neutrino emissivity of the reaction A is suppressed with the appearance of the proton ~1S_0 superfluid, the contribution of the reactions B and C can still quicken a massive neutron star cooling. In particular, the reaction C in PSR J1614-2230 and J0348+0432 is not suppressed by the proton ~1S_0 superfluid due to the higher threshold density of the reaction C, which will further speed up the two pulsars cooling.