劳动卫生

视屏作业人员职业紧张分析；父母职业接触铅对其子女智力行为的影响；印刷厂印刷工人某些体液免疫指标的变化；涤纶作业有害因素对工人神经行为的影响；低浓度苯和甲苯及二甲苯对作业人员健康及血清中超氯化物歧化酶的影响；棉尘对工人肺功能的影响；

Efficacy of intramuscular diclofenac and fluid replacement in prevention of post-ERCP pancreatitis

AIM： TO assess the efficacy of intramuscular diclofenac and fluid replacement for prevention of post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography （ERCP） pancreatitis.METHODS： A prospective, placebo-controlled study was conducted in 80 patients who underwent ERCP. Patients were randomized to receive parenteral diclofenac at a loading dose of 75 mg followed by the infusion of 5-10 mL/kg per hour isotonic saline over 4 h after the procedure, or the infusion of 500 mL isotonic saline as placebo. Patients were evaluated clinically, and serum amylase levels were measured 4, 8 and 24 h after the procedure.RESULTS： The two groups were matched for age, sex, underlying disease, ERCP findings, and type of treatment. The overall incidence of pancreatitis was 7.5% in the diclofenac group and 17.5% in the placebo group （12.5% in total）. There were no significant differences in the incidence of pancreatitis and other variables between the two groups. In the subgroup analysis, the frequency of pancreatitis in the patients without sphincter of Oddi dysfunction （SOD） was significantly lower in the diclofenac group than in the control group （ρ = 0.047）.CONCLUSION： Intramuscular diclofenac and fluid replacement lowered the rate of pancreatitis in patients without SOD.

Acute Toxicity of Clethodim, Cypermethrin and 2,4-D-butylate to the Larva of Chironomus sinicus

[Objective] The aim of this study was to detect the acute toxicity of clethodim, cypermethrin and 2,4-D-butylate. [Method] Chironomus sinicus larvae were exposed to different concentrations of clethodim, cypermethrin and 2,4-D-butylate. Survival rate, lethal concentration 50 （LC50） and superoxide dismutase （SOD） activity in the homogenate of the larvae were monitored to detect the toxicity of the pesti- cides. [Result] The survival rates of C. sinicus larvae exposed to cypermethrin and 2,4-D-butylate for 12 h were almost unchanged at different concentrations, but de- creased with concentration increasing 48 h later. For each pesticide, the differences in survival rates of C. sinicus larvae at 48 h were significant. The 48 h LC50 of clethodim, cypermethrin and 2,4-D-butylate to C. sinicus larvae were 1.842, 0.150 and 1.999 mg/L, respectively. The acute toxicity of cypermethrin was the highest a- mong the three pesticides and that of 2,4-D-butylate was the lowest. Clethodim sig- nificantly reduced the SOD content in a dose-dependent manner. 2,4-D-butylate also reduced SOD content in C. sinicus larvae, but the reduction was not significantly re- lated to its dosage. However, cypermethrin showed no significant effect on SOD ac- tivity in C. sinicus larvae.

Effect of Sodium Chloride and Cadmium on the Growth, Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Enzyme Activities of Zygosaccharomyces rouxii

Zygosaccharomyces rouxii is a salt-tolerant yeast species capable of removing cadmium(Cd) pollutant from aqueous solution. Presently, the physiological characteristics of Z. rouxii under the stress of sodium chloride(NaCl) and Cd are poorly understood. This study investigated the effects of NaCl and Cd on the growth, oxidative stress and antioxidant enzyme activities of Z. rouxii after stress treatment for 24 h. Results showed that NaCl or Cd alone negatively affected the growth of Z. rouxii, but the growth-inhibiting effect of Cd on Z. rouxii was reduced in the presence of NaCl. Flow cytometry assay showed that under Cd stress, NaCl significantly reduced the production of reactive oxygen species(ROS) and cell death of Z. rouxii compared with those in the absence of NaCl. The activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD), catalase(CAT), and peroxidase(POD) of Z. rouxii were significantly enhanced by 2%–6% NaCl, which likely contributed to the high salt tolerance of Z. rouxii. The POD activity was inhibited by 20 mg L-1Cd while the SOD and CAT activities were enhanced by 8 mg L-1 Cd and inhibited by 20 mg L-1 or 50 mg L-1 Cd. The inhibitory effect of high-level Cd on the antioxidant enzyme activities of Z. rouxii was counteracted by the combined use of NaCl, especially at 6%. This probably accounted for the decrease in Cd-induced ROS production and cell death of Z. rouxii after incubation with NaCl and Cd. Our work provided physiological clues as to the use of Z. rouxii as a biosorbent for Cd removal from seawater and liquid highly salty food.

碲化镉量子点对小鼠体内氧化损伤的作用

目的探讨尾静脉注射碲化镉量子点（CdTeQDs）对小鼠体内氧化损伤的作用。方法40只雄性ICR小鼠随机分为5组，每组8只，采用尾静脉注射染毒。染毒浓度分别为0（对照）、0.5、5．0、50．0和500．0nmol／ml的cdTeQDs溶液，每只动物注射0．2ml，对照组注射等体积的生理盐水。染毒24h后处死小鼠，测定小鼠血清生化、血液常规指标以及小鼠血清超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）活性和丙二醛（MDA）含量。结果与对照组比较，0．5、5．0、50．0和500．0nmol／mlCdTeQDs染毒组的CRE、PLT水平及MDA含量均明显降低，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）；50．0和500．0nmol／mlCdTeQDs染毒组的GSH．Px活性与对照组比较明显增高，差异有统计学意义（P〈O．01）。结论本实验条件下0．5ninol／mlCdTeQDs能够对小鼠体内产生氧化损伤作用。