Since the Great Hanshin Earthquake in 1995, many investigations on the seismic damper have been made. On the other hand, it also theoretically projected that ultra fine grained Zn-Al alloys could show superplasticity ...Since the Great Hanshin Earthquake in 1995, many investigations on the seismic damper have been made. On the other hand, it also theoretically projected that ultra fine grained Zn-Al alloys could show superplasticity at low temperatures [1-4]. Authors tried to make a massive ultra fine grained Zn-22 mass % Al alloy by means of TMCP (thermo-mechanical controlling process). The superplastic Zn-Al alloy is not susceptible to strain deterioration because it has a low work-hardening rate and, thus, does not accumulate strain significantly when deformed plastically. On the other hand, since its work hardening rate is low, plastic deformation proceeds locally, required plastic energy can’t be sufficiently obtained and local fracture and local deformation instability can take place easily. The structural designer must overcome the strain localization resulting from the low work-hardening rate. Several types of seismic dampers were successfully developed with overcoming the local deformation instability. Three types of seismic dampers were finally developed.展开更多
The ultra-small textured surface of multicrystalline silicon solar cell,prepared by electroless chemical-etching method,shows an excellent anti-reflection property over a wide spectral bandwidth.A novel back surface p...The ultra-small textured surface of multicrystalline silicon solar cell,prepared by electroless chemical-etching method,shows an excellent anti-reflection property over a wide spectral bandwidth.A novel back surface protection method and front surface passivation method have been used in the multicrystalline solar cells with ultra-small textured surfaces.With these improvements,the back surface remains intact after the etch process and the efficient minority lifetime is apparently increased.The test result shows that the solar cell with ultra-small textured surface can obtain better electrical performances by these improvements.展开更多
文摘Since the Great Hanshin Earthquake in 1995, many investigations on the seismic damper have been made. On the other hand, it also theoretically projected that ultra fine grained Zn-Al alloys could show superplasticity at low temperatures [1-4]. Authors tried to make a massive ultra fine grained Zn-22 mass % Al alloy by means of TMCP (thermo-mechanical controlling process). The superplastic Zn-Al alloy is not susceptible to strain deterioration because it has a low work-hardening rate and, thus, does not accumulate strain significantly when deformed plastically. On the other hand, since its work hardening rate is low, plastic deformation proceeds locally, required plastic energy can’t be sufficiently obtained and local fracture and local deformation instability can take place easily. The structural designer must overcome the strain localization resulting from the low work-hardening rate. Several types of seismic dampers were successfully developed with overcoming the local deformation instability. Three types of seismic dampers were finally developed.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China("973" Project) (Grant No. 2009CB939703)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11104319,51172268)the Chinese Academy of Solar Energy Action Plan and by Beijing Science and Technology Project (Grant No. Y2BK024001)
文摘The ultra-small textured surface of multicrystalline silicon solar cell,prepared by electroless chemical-etching method,shows an excellent anti-reflection property over a wide spectral bandwidth.A novel back surface protection method and front surface passivation method have been used in the multicrystalline solar cells with ultra-small textured surfaces.With these improvements,the back surface remains intact after the etch process and the efficient minority lifetime is apparently increased.The test result shows that the solar cell with ultra-small textured surface can obtain better electrical performances by these improvements.
