试论心理学研究中科学主义与人文主义的冲突与趋合

从整个发展历史看，心理学形成了以科学主义研究取向为中心和以人文主义研究取向为中心的两大阵营，在研究策略、模式、范畴等方面展开激烈的争论；科学主义研究取向试图扼杀其它心理学研究取向未果，人文主义研究取向力图与之抗衡不支，从而造成心理学的“不统一”危机；自２０世纪６０年代以来，认知革命、后现代哲学思潮和本土化运动的推动，给心理学发展带来了新契机，这两大阵营日趋弥合。面对这种历史发展形态，我们必须确立辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义的指导思想，实现研究多元化，加强理论建设，并促进本土心理学研究。

中德网络犯罪立法的分歧与趋合

我国与德国网络犯罪立法存在不同的基点,即立法依据公约化与本土化的差异、立法重心个人化与公共化的差异、立法模式二重化与定性化的差异。由此,二者在对象层面分别选择了数据模式与信息模式,在法益层面分别强调个体本位与集体本位,在行为层面分别注重形式评价与实质评价。晚近以来,二者呈现部分趋合的态势,具体表现在特定立场、现实问题与修正方向的一致化。在异同交融的背景下,我国网络犯罪立法既需要以开放性的视角借鉴德国的经验,也需要以主体性的视角探索自身规范模式的发展与完善。

美国337调查和WTO规则的磨合

美国337调查制度侧重于保护国际贸易中的知识产权,加拿大和欧共体曾认为337调查违反了GATT的国民待遇原则和一般例外的规定。后来,美国根据GATT专家组报告的意见,对337制度进行了一些修改。WTO则产生了TRIPS协议。而今,加强知识产权在国际贸易中的保护是发展趋势所在,337调查和TRIPS协议尽管有所不同,但是在相互摩擦中,将会更加趋向于合拍。

现代高等教育与现代心理学研究

本文在当前世界经济全球化与知识经济大发展的背景下,纵观时代对现代高素质专业人才的要求,提出了结合现代心理学研究成果,在高等教育的教学环节中开发学生潜能,全面提高教学质量与学生素质的方法;并在教学实践中做了大胆的尝试。

论非联系方法

事物的非联系性,本与事物的联系性是孪生姊妹,却长期被哲学界所忽视,因而也就见不到反映这种属性的哲学范畴,将其视为思维方法加以研究更是无从谈起。文章从唯物论、辩证法、认识论和逻辑学相统一的角度研究探讨了非联系方法的产生、非联系方法的形式与联系方法的辩证关系,以及非联系方法的意义和作用。本文还涉及到如何用科学态度对待马克思主义哲学,如何将普遍联系的原则上升到理性具体等重要问题。

中小学课堂教学的基本心理模式与多媒体计算机辅助课堂教学软件的开发

目前市场上已有各类计算机辅助教学软件，但大多数只适合于家庭教育和课外辅导，适合课堂教学使用的甚少，为此我们进行了较深入的研究。我们认为，导致计算机辅助教学软件不适应课堂使用或功效不高，主要是有关从事教学软件开发的人员对课堂教学中学生的心理认知规律认识不够，因而不能较好地把握课堂教学的基本过程。为此，本文根据课堂教学的基本心理模式，从注意组织、认知指导。

多媒体技术有效融入语文教学的研究与实践

小学语文教学必须在语言文字的抽象性和学生思维的形象性之间架起一座桥梁,而多媒体课件正是这样一座桥梁。笔者从诱发兴趣、指导认知、心理趋合三个方面,谈电教媒体优化语文课堂教学的运用。

Chemical Property Variation Trend Analysis and Quality Evaluation of Water in Wei River

[Objective] Water quality variation trend of Wei River was analyzed and the water quality evaluation was performed in this study. [Method] Stationing and water sampling were conducted along Wei River at three different sites during the 12 months from January to December of 2014, the water samples were pre-treated and analyzed on chemical pollution indexes with the national standard, water quality data of Wei River in the 12 months was processed with periodic time series method, Spearman rank correlation coefficient was adopted to test pollution changing trend, and water quality status of Wei water was evaluated with integrated index of organic pollution. [Result] NH3-N and TN of Wei River exceeded the standard＇s lim- its; [ Y~ [ 〉Wp=0.506, [ Yss~ [ 〉Wp=0.506 and [ Y＆=0~,, Diecqieo 〉Wp=0.506 indicated that the integrated index of organic pollution of Shawangdu section, S.huyuan section and Tongguan Diaoqiao section showed a significant downtrend, respetively; and the water quality of the three sections became better, and it was worth noting that it was necessary to strengthen the water quality control of Wei River from January to June, so as to ensure that the water quality of Wei River reached the standard all the time. [Cendasien] This research was of significance in improving water ecological environment in Weinan as well as rationally utilizing water resources and finally realizing permanent development. Key words Wei River; Water quality variation trend; Integrated index of organic pollution; Evaluation

Simulation of Precipitation in Monsoon Regions of China by CMIP3 Models

The output of 25 models used in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 3 (CMIP3) were evaluated,with a focus on summer precipitation in eastern China for the last 40 years of the 20th century.Most mod-els failed to reproduce rainfall associated with the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM),and hence the seasonal cycle in eastern China,but provided reasonable results in Southwest (SW) and Northeast China (NE).The simula-tions produced reasonable results for the Yangtze-Huai (YH) Basin area,although the Meiyu phenomenon was underestimated in general.One typical regional phe-nomenon,a seasonal northward shift in the rain belt from early to late summer,was completely missed by most models.The long-term climate trends in rainfall over eastern China were largely underestimated,and the ob-served geographical pattern of rainfall changes was not reproduced by most models.Precipitation extremes were evaluated via parameters of fitted GEV (Generalized Ex-treme Values) distributions.The annual extremes were grossly underestimated in the monsoon-dominated YH and SW regions,but reasonable values were calculated for the North China (NC) and NE regions.These results suggest a general failure to capture the dynamics of the EASM in current coupled climate models.Nonetheless,models with higher resolution tend to reproduce larger decadal trends and annual extremes of precipitation in the regions studied.

The development trend of paper-based media under the media convergence trend

The emergence of media convergence have so huge impact on paper-based media that paper-based media no longer has a monopoly. Some people assert that paper-based media will come to an end. However, the author believes that the paper media will not come to an end under the media convergence trend. It will develop parallel with media integration. The reason why the author has this view is that, on one hand, paper-based media has its unique physical characteristics. In the real world, paper media brought us the aesthetic experience by ＂five senses＂ . It cannot be replaced by the media convergence. The paper media will also make survival steering dimension; on the other hand, cultural heritage of the paper media make itself a unique appreciation of the value and not transcendent. Therefore, the paper media in the media convergence trend will continue to exist and turned to be ＂concept book＂ that admiring is the main part and reading supplemented.

Multidecadal Trends in Large-Scale Annual Mean SATa Based on CMIP5 Historical Simulations and Future Projections

Based on observations and Coupled Model lntercomparison Project Phase 5 （CMIP5） results, multidecadal variations and trends in annual mean surface air temperature anomalies （SATa） at global, hemispheric, and hemispheric land and ocean scales in the past and under the future scenarios of two representative concentration pathways （RCPs） are analyzed. Fifteen models are selected based on their performances in capturing the temporal variability, long-term trend, multidecadal variations, and trends in global annual mean SATa. Observational data analysis shows that the multidecadal variations in annual mean SATa of the land and ocean in the northern hemisphere （NH） and of the ocean in the southern hemisphere （SH） are similar to those of the global mean, showing an increase during the 1900-1944 and 1971-2000 periods, and flattening or even cooling during the 1945-1970 and 2001-2013 periods. These observed characteristics are basically reproduced by the models. However, SATa over SH land show an increase during the 1945-1970 period, which differs from the other hemispheric scales, and this feature is not captured well by the models. For the recent hiatus period （2001-2013）, the projected trends of BCC-CSM1-1-m, CMCC-CM, GFDL-ESM2M, and NorESM1-ME at the global and hemispheric scales are closest to the observations based on RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios, suggesting that these four models have better projection capability in SATa. Because these four models are better at simulating and projecting the multidecadal trends of SATa, they are selected to analyze future SATa variations at the global and hemispheric scales during the 2006-2099 period. The selected multi-model ensemble （MME） projected trends in annual mean SATa for the globe, NH, and SH under RCP4.5 （RCP8.5） are 0.17 （0.29） ℃, 0.22 （0.36） ℃, and 0.11 （0.23） ℃-decade-1 in the 21st century, respectively. These values are significantly lower than the projections of CMIP5 MME without model selection.

Inter-border Integration of Fashion Design and Contemporary Art

With the development of economy and society, every comer of the world＇ s cultural and spiritual civilization are closely linked together, At the same time, the clothing and contemporary art are in the big tide of mutual penetration and mutual influence. Contemporary art has influenced on the costume design. Costume design can play their own advantages in art tide, toward a higher point. The passage from the clothing design and other fields of contemporary art in the process of cross-border integration explores the future development trend of garment design.

Free triiodothyronine level correlates with statin responsiveness in acute myocardial infarction

Background Although thyroid hormone （TH） has important effects on lipid metabolism, the relationship between TH and statin responsiveness has never been investigated. We hypothesize that TH plays an important role in statin responsiveness in patients with acute myocardial infarction （AMI）. Methods Consecutive 1091 hospitalized AMI patients in Fuwai hospital （Beijing, China） were enrolled into this current study. The study population was divided into three groups based on the intensity of statin treatment： low-intensity （n = 221）, moderate-intensity （n = 712） and high-intensity （n = 158）. Lipid levels were measured after statin therapy lasting for 10-14 days. The association between TH, lipid profile levels and achievement of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C） lowering goals was explored in patients with AMI on statin therapy. Results By general linear analysis, a significant linear trend between free triiodothyronine （FT3） and LDL-C level （linear coefficient r = -0.082, P = 0.001） and FT3 and total cholesterol （TC） level （r = -0.105, P = 0.031） was observed in the moderate-intensity statin group. A more apparent linear trend was detected in the high-intensity statin group （for LDL-C： r = -0.113, P = 0.005; for TC： r = -0.172, P = 0.029, respectively）. However, no significant correlation was observed in the low-intensity statin group. Compared with the low-FT3 group （defined as FT3 〈 1.79 pg/mL）, the OR （95% CI） for attaining a LDL-C 〈 3.0mmol/L was found to be 2.217 （1.001–4.839） in the higher FT3 group （〉 2.95 pg/mL）. The OR （95% CI） for attaining the more intensive goal （LDL-C 〈 1.8mmol/L） was 2.836 （1.014–5.182）. Conclusions Our study reveals that variation in FT3 levels is related to the cholesterol-lowering responsiveness of statins in AMI patients. These findings suggest that low FT3 may be a factor responsible for lack of LDL-C goal attainment and patients’ poor responsiveness to statin treatment.

The Status Quo and Development Trend of Low-carbon Vehicle Technologies in China

Three types of low-carbon vehicle technologies in China are reviewed. Potential effects are listed for those integrated energy-saving technologies for conventional vehicles. Low carbon transitions, including alternative vehicle power train systems and fuels, are discussed on their development status and trends, including life cycle primary fossil energy use and greenhouse gas emissions of each pathway. To further support the low-carbon vehicle technologies development, integrated policies should seek to： （1） employ those integrated energy-saving technologies, （2） apply hybrid electric technology, （3） commercialize electric vehicles through battery technology innovation, （4） support fuel cell vehicles and hydrogen technology R＆D for future potential applications, （5） boost the R＆D of second generation biofuel technology, and （6） conduct further research on applying low-carbon technologies including CO2 capture and storage technology to coal-based transportation solutions.

Analysis on the Cy-Pres Doctrine in the Public Benefit Trust

Public benefit trust is of great significance to the development of social public welfare, and the cy-pres doctrine as a special principle of public benefit trust, plays an important role in protecting the continuation of public benefit trust, and the realization and reasonable use of high-efficiency trust properties. In this paper, therefore, the origin, establishment, and development trend of the approximation principle as well as its current legislative situation in China are studied, and also its applicability of the Cy-Pres doctrine in China＇s public benefit trust is briefly evaluated, so as to further deepen the understanding of the Cy-Pres doctrine and develop the public benefit trust undertakings in China.

Acute pancreatitis in aging animals:Loss of pancreatitis-associated protein protection?

AIM:To investigate the effect of age on severity of acute pancreatitis(AP) using biochemical markers,histology and expression of the protective pancreatitisassociated proteins(PAPs).METHODS:AP was induced via intraductal injection of 4% sodium taurocholate in young and old rats.Sera and pancreata were assayed at 24 h for the parameters listed above;we also employed a novel molecular technique to assess bacterial infiltration using polymerase chain reaction to measure bacterial genomic ribosomal RNA.RESULTS:At 24 h after induction of AP,the pancreata of older animals had less edema(mean ± SE histologic score of young vs old:3.11 ± 0.16 vs 2.50 ±-0.11,P < 0.05),decreased local inflammatory response(histologic score of stromal infiltrate:3.11 ± 0.27 vs 2.00 ± 0.17,P < 0.05) and increased bacterial infiltration(174% ± 52% increase from sham vs 377% ± 4%,P < 0.05).A decreased expression of PAP1 and PAP2 was demonstrated by Western blotting analysis and immunohistochemical staining.There were no differences in serum amylase and lipase activity,or tissue myeloperoxidase or monocyte chemotactic protein-1 levels.However,in the most-aged group,serum C-reactive protein levels were higher(young vs old:0.249 ± 0.04 mg/dL vs 2.45 ± 0.68 mg/dL,P < 0.05).CONCLUSION:In older animals,there is depressed PAP expression related to a blunted inflammatory response in AP which is associated with worsened bacterial infiltration and higher C-reactive protein level;this may explain the more aggressive clinical course.

Analysis on Development Trend of the D omestic Interior Design Pattern based on the Regional Characteristics and Cultural Integration

Interior is the main space of human activities, which is an important part of human life and design activities, and is the link between spiritual civilization and material civilization. Interior design originates from life, and needs to solve the problem of the material world and spiritual world. People improve the living environment and life quality through interior designs. The style of design depends on the geographical features and various cultures, which refi ects the artistic features and personality. The development history of modern architecture and interior design shows that the style of interior design is an important part of the whole architectural style, which reffects the design features of the whole building. Therefore, interior design and outdoor design should be in harmony. The orientation and characteristics of interior design determine the necessity of the style reforms. The future development trend of interior development may have the following characteristics humanism, green design, nationalization, intelligence and regionalization.

从《寂Ⅰ》再探瞿小松空灵音乐观

瞿小松的音乐作品中,多数都体现了虚静、空灵的境界。哲学美学上作曲家深入感悟道家和佛家思想,深得其中精髓,并反映在创作中。如道家的动静辩证观、佛家的色空不二观,都溶化在其音乐意味中。《寂Ⅰ》即典型一例。从心理学角度看,其作品符合听觉感知规律,用动态形式表现静态内涵,在变(动/丰富)与不变(静/统一)的临界点上分寸掌握得当,既遵循了音乐延展的规律,避免了听觉感知饱和/适应产生厌烦,又取得预期的空灵效果。他的"大传统"基础上的创新,具有启示意义。

Effect of moxibustion on expressions of HO-1 and MCP-3 protein in colon of rats with Crohn's disease

Objective： To observe the effect of moxibustion therapy on heme oxygenase-1（HO-1） and monocyte chemoattractant protein-3（MCP-3） protein expressions in the colonic mucosa of rats with Crohn＇s disease（CD）, and to explore the intestinal mucosal immune mechanism of moxibustion therapy in treating CD. Methods： The CD rat model was established using the internationally accepted Morris method. The rats were randomly divided into a model group, a herbal cake-partitioned moxibustion group, a mild moxibustion group, a cigarette moxibustion group and a hot compress group, which were compared with the normal group. Except the normal group and the model group, rats in the other groups accepted different moxibustion therapies on bilateral Tianshu（ST 25）. Hematoxylin-eosin（HE） staining was conducted and the pathological changes of the colon were observed under light microscope; the expressions of HO-1 and MCP-3 protein in rat＇s colonic mucosa were determined by immunohisto-chemistry. Results： Compared with the normal group, rats in the model group showed mucosal defect, villus destruction or loss, submucosal congestion and edema, glandular destruction or disappearance, reduced goblet cells, ulcer formation, significantly increased positive target area and positive target integral optical density of HO-1 and MCP-3 protein expression（all P〈0.01）. After treatment, compared with the model group, colonic mucosa was significantly improved in the herbal cake-partitioned moxibustion group and the mild moxibustion group, which mainly showed that the intestinal glands were arranged regularly, ulcer surfaces were covered by the neoformative epitheliums, or intestinal ulcers were replaced by the nascent granulation tissue, and submucosal edema was alleviated, with a small amount of inflammatory cell infiltration. The total areas and the integral optical densities of the positive targets for rat＇s colonic mucosa HO-1 and MCP-3 protein expressions were decreased（all P〈0.01）. Compared with the cigarette moxibustion group and the hot compress group, the total areas and the integral optical densities of the positive targets for rat＇s colonic mucosa HO-1 and MCP-3 protein expressions were significantly decreased（all P〈0.01） in the herbal cake-partitioned moxibustion group and the mild moxibustion group. Conclusion： Herbal cake-partitioned moxibustion and mild moxibustion can significantly improve the inflammatory response of colonic mucosa in CD rats. It can down-regulate the expressions of HO-1 and MCP-3 proteins in the colonic mucosa of CD rats, which may be one of the mechanism in intestinal mucosal immunity caused by moxibustion therapy.