光强对松蠹狄金小蜂趋光行为的影响

研究昆虫对不同光强光源的行为反应,有利于确定诱集光源的功率、诱集有效空间范围及布点密度,为此,利用昆虫视觉行为学研究方法,研究华山松木蠹象优势寄生蜂——松蠹狄金小蜂对不同光强敏感单色光的趋向行为。结果表明,无论从趋向率还是趋向位移看,3种敏感单色光(340nm紫外光、415 nm紫色光和549 nm黄绿光)下,松蠹狄金小蜂的趋光行为与光强具有明显相关性,光强较低时呈正相关,光强较高时呈负相关,在415 nm紫色光和549 nm黄绿光下,松蠹狄金小蜂的趋光行为反应随着光强的继续增加稍有减弱,而在340 nm紫外光下,松蠹狄金小蜂的趋光行为反应随着光强的继续增加明显降低,甚至低于光强较低时的水平。3种敏感单色光中,松蠹狄金小蜂的趋光行为反应达到峰值时光强的大小顺序为:黄绿光(549 nm)>紫色光(415 nm)>紫外光(340 nm)。

论求异思维及其在论辩中的运用

求异思维有“背逆性、风险性、新颖性、反设性、逻辑与非逻辑性的统一”五个特点 ,体现出“意识反常律、路线奇曲律、理性制动律、创新趋向律”四条基本规则。在论辩中运用求异思维 ,有助于巧妙立论 ,从不同的角度寻找论据 ,能提高论辩者的应变能力 ,达到出奇制胜的目的。

不同施钾量对马铃薯抗蚜虫能力的影响

为了解施钾条件下桃蚜—马铃薯相互作用关系,以马铃薯克新1号和费乌瑞它为试验材料,通过"Y"型嗅觉仪测定桃蚜对施钾后2个马铃薯品种的趋性行为.结果表明,桃蚜对克新1号对照(未施钾)和施钾植株的趋向率分别为64%、30%,对费乌瑞它对照和施钾植株趋向率分别为71%、26%.采用TCT-GC-MS(热脱附-气相色谱-质谱)测定不同施钾量2个马铃薯品种中主要挥发物含量的结果表明,主要挥发物有4种:3-蒈烯、苯甲醛、柠檬烯和1,3-环己二烯.其中,6 g/株施钾量使克新1号叶片中上述4种挥发物含量显著高于对照,柠檬烯含量达到最高,是对照的2.5倍;而费乌瑞它叶片中只有苯甲醛含量显著高于对照.用液质联用技术和比色法分别测定马铃薯克新1号叶片中茉莉酸含量和脂氧合酶(LOX)活性的结果表明,6 g/株施钾量使马铃薯克新1号叶片中茉莉酸含量比对照提高0.93倍,LOX活性提高0.40倍.iTRAQ技术(同位素相对标记与绝对定量技术)进一步证明,6 g/株施钾量上调了克新1号叶片LOX蛋白表达量.综上,马铃薯抗桃蚜的最佳施钾量为6 g/株.

不同单色光及光强下烟蓟马成虫的行为反应

为明确烟蓟马成虫的敏感光谱及光强对其趋光行为的影响,利用自制的昆虫趋光行为测试装置,测定了烟蓟马成虫对15种单色光(波长340~649 nm)和6个光强梯度(1、10、50、100、150、200 lx)的趋光行为反应。结果表明,烟蓟马成虫对全光谱自然光和15种不同单色光均具有正趋光反应,无避光反应。在测试的15种单色光中,510 nm的蓝绿光(趋向率:80.0%;趋向位移:35.8 cm)及450 nm的蓝光(趋向率:80.0%;趋向位移:29.8 cm)对烟蓟马成虫的吸引力较强,其余趋向位移大小依次是绿光(538 nm)>紫光(414 nm)>红光(601 nm)>蓝光(492 nm)>紫外光(380 nm)>紫外光(340 nm)>红光(628 nm)>蓝绿光(504 nm)>绿光(549 nm)>黄绿光(568 nm)>黄光(577 nm)>黄光(589 nm)>红光(649 nm)。成虫对蓝绿光(510 nm)的趋向位移显著强于对全黑暗对照处理及蓝绿光(504 nm)、绿光(549 nm)、黄绿光(568 nm)、黄光(577、589 nm)和红光(628、649 nm)7种单色光的趋向位移。整体来看,成虫的敏感光谱主要集中在紫外(340—380 nm)—蓝紫(414—492 nm)—蓝绿(510 nm)短波区,对绿—黄—红(549—649 nm)长波区不敏感。光强对烟蓟马成虫的趋光行为影响显著,表现为随着光照强度增加,其趋光性整体呈波状增强趋势。烟蓟马成虫对不同单色光和光强度的趋向位移存在显著差异,生产上可采用450 nm的蓝色或510 nm的蓝绿色诱虫板对其进行监测和物理诱控。

珲春市降水及旱涝变化特征分析

利用珲春市1960—2009年降水资料，采用线性趋势、6阶多项式趋势、小波分析等方法，对珲春市降水时间序列、旱涝灾害变化特征进行了分析，结果表明：珲春市年降水量呈递减趋势，其趋向率为-6．75mm／lOa。进入暖期以后，夏季降水明显减少，其中8月降水减少显著，干旱发生频率增多，洪涝发生几率减少。Morlet小波分析表明：年降水具有10～1la左右的短周期和一个25a的长周期；旱、涝变化趋势呈相反，进入暖期后干旱发生频率增多16．7％，洪涝减少8-3％，2000年以后干旱特别严重，发生几率高达60％。

Climate change analysis of sea surface temperature in Chengshantou based on homogenized observatory array

The observational sea surface temperature(SST)data from 1960 to 2017 of the Chengshantou marine station has been adjusted by the Penalized Maximal Test(PMT)developed by the Climate Research Center of the Environment Ministry of Canada,based on the metadata archive.In this study,the homogenous surface air temperature(SAT)data from neighboring meteorological observation stations are used to construct the reference series by correlation coefficient weighted averaged method.The climate change characteristics of the Chengshantou SST were analyzed using the homogenized data.Results show that the annual average SST trend has changed significantly before and after the homogenization.The warming trend increased from 0.04℃/10 a before revision to 0.15℃/10 a.The warmest five years occurred mostly after 1980,that is,1973,1989,2002,2007 and 2017.SST generally showed a significant upward trend and significant inter-decadal fluctuations.From the 1960s to the end of the 1980s,it was a colder stage,and then began to warm up.It was a warmer period from the 1990s to the present.From 1960 to 2017,the jump point occurred in 1987,which is very consistent with the temperature characteristics of China's mainland.

Analysis of T/S characteristics of Sulawesi Sea based on Argo and XBT

The climate distribution and variation characteristics of temperature and salinity i n the upper surface layer of Sulawesi Sea(117-127°E,0-8°N)were analyzed using Argo T/S profiles of 0-1500 m and XBT temperature profiles obtained by Chinese Antarctic scientific investigation.The results show that the temperature and salinity are respectively about 2.5℃-30℃ and 33.2‰-35.1‰ in the Sulawesi sea.Compared with the vertical changes,the T/S horizontal gradients are smaller.The temperatures gradually reduce with the in crease of the depth.The sali nities increase firstly,then decrease,and increase finally with the increase of depth.The salinity has two lower and one higher salinity areas.The whole sea surface shows the characteristics of high temperature and low salinity.T he subsurface temperature is slightly lower with salinity increasing.Middle depths are characterized by high temperature and high salinity.At the depth of 500 m,the temperature and salinity tend to be uniform.And at the bottom,T/S represent lower temperature with higher salinity.Moreover,an obvious thermocline exists at the depth of 50 m-150 m.The thermocline depth in summer is less than 90 m and is about 110 m in winter.The thermocline exists in the deeper depth in April than that of November by XBT observation sections.In the central of Sulawesi Sea,the thermocline is also relatively deeper.

纵坑切梢小蠹后肠化学成分分析及其趋性反应测试

对纵坑切梢小蠹后肠正已烷和乙醇提取物进行GC -MS分析 ,检索出 18个化合物 ,其中单萜烯类化合物 11个 ,占检索化合物总数的 6 1.1% .经趋性反应测试 ,纵坑切梢小蠹对混合物I的趋向率达 6 5 % 。