背景:背包行走是儿童常见的活动。过重的书包会对儿童下肢及足部造成不利的影响,从而影响儿童的发育。目的:探讨肥胖对儿童背包行走时步态特征的影响。方法:应用体质量指数法并参考中国学龄儿童青少年超重、肥胖筛查体质量指数标准,对...背景:背包行走是儿童常见的活动。过重的书包会对儿童下肢及足部造成不利的影响,从而影响儿童的发育。目的:探讨肥胖对儿童背包行走时步态特征的影响。方法:应用体质量指数法并参考中国学龄儿童青少年超重、肥胖筛查体质量指数标准,对儿童进行选择。纳入40名小学生作为观察对象,其中20名肥胖儿童,体质量指数(28.13±3.4)kg/m^2;20名非肥胖儿童,体质量指数(17.44±1.57)kg/m^2。应用比利时RSscan International公司的2 m footscan足底压力平板测试系统对儿童在背包行走时的步态进行测试。结果与结论:(1)与非肥胖儿童相比,肥胖儿童在背包行走过程中,左、右足Ⅰ-Ⅴ跖骨、足中部、足跟内侧压强峰值显著增大(P<0.05);全足支撑期占整个足支撑阶段的百分比显著延长(P<0.05);足弓指数值(足中部与地面接触面积的百分比)和右足足轴角均显著增大(P<0.05);(2)结果提示,肥胖对儿童背包行走时的足底压力分布有明显的影响。与非肥胖儿童相比,肥胖儿童足跖骨、足中部、足跟内侧区域受力显著增大,身体的稳定性变差,行走时足更扁平,肥胖儿童足八字脚更严重。这些因素使得肥胖易造成儿童负重时的足底损伤。展开更多
Comparative experiments on the inactivation of Copepod were investigated in southern China. The 100% of inactivation effect may be attained by 3.0 mg/L of ozone for contacting time of 25 min, whereas 0.5 mg/L of dosag...Comparative experiments on the inactivation of Copepod were investigated in southern China. The 100% of inactivation effect may be attained by 3.0 mg/L of ozone for contacting time of 25 min, whereas 0.5 mg/L of dosage resulted in only 30% of inactivation rate. Copepod may not be completely inactivated by ozone oxidation for feasible dosage limited by higher bromide in raw water. The favorable environment of granular activated carbon （GAC） filter provided Copepod with conditions for excess propagation, The disinfection experimental results show that the inactivation rate is 90% by 2.0 mg/L of chloramines for contacting time of 30 min, whereas only 70% is attained with chlorine. The GC-MS examination indicates that the total organic substance is increased to 92 specie： inciuding 13 sorts of halogenated hydrocarbon by chlorine disnfection, which is more than that of chloramines. More products of bromiinated trihalomethanes occur in treated water by chlorine, disinfection and total amount of THMs is 3 times as high as that of chloramines.展开更多
Insects are not only the most species-rich group on Earth, they also play numerous crucial roles in ecosystem functioning and the global economy. The conservation of insect diversity is therefore a topic of global imp...Insects are not only the most species-rich group on Earth, they also play numerous crucial roles in ecosystem functioning and the global economy. The conservation of insect diversity is therefore a topic of global importance. However, insects are mostly ignored by ＂biodiversity＂ research; for example, relationships between insect diversity and vegetation or climate change remain widely unknown. This paper makes suggestions for further research into insect diversity patterns based on two typical forest types in northern China： Changbai Mountain, northeast China and Dongling Mountain, central northern China. Plants and climate have been well studied in these areas but substantial knowledge gaps prevail in relation to insect diversity patterns. It is therefore important to investigate insect biodiversity patterns in these regions.展开更多
Objective: This study was designed to evaluate the association between skin autofluorescence (AF), an indicator of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), and foot ulcers in subjects with diabetes. Methods: In this st...Objective: This study was designed to evaluate the association between skin autofluorescence (AF), an indicator of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), and foot ulcers in subjects with diabetes. Methods: In this study, 195 Chinese diabetic subjects were examined. Their feet were examined regardless of whether an ulcer was present or not. Skin AF was measured with an AGE reader. Demographic characteristics and blood data were recorded. Results: The mean values of skin AF were 2.29±0.47 for subjects without foot ulcers, and 2.80±0.69 for those with foot ulcers, a significant difference (P<0.05). Skin AF was strongly correlated with age and duration of diabetes. After adjusting for these factors, multivariate logistic regression showed that skin AF was independently associated with foot ulcerations. Conclusions: Skin AF is independently associated with diabetic foot ulcerations. It might be a useful screening method for foot ulceration risk of diabetic patients.展开更多
In recent years the Lower Cretaceous red beds of southwestern China have yielded more than 20 significant dinosaur-dominated tracksites. More than half occur in the Jiaguan Formation with the remainder in the Feitians...In recent years the Lower Cretaceous red beds of southwestern China have yielded more than 20 significant dinosaur-dominated tracksites. More than half occur in the Jiaguan Formation with the remainder in the Feitianshan and Xiaoba formations. Collectively these sites provide evidence of at least 13 distinct dinosaurian trackmaker morphotypes, in addition to two avian theropod(bird)morphotypes and pterosaur and turtle tracks. Together these total 17 morphotypes provide a data base of 479 potential trackmakers, probably representing the same number of individuals. Such an ichnological database provides a useful proxy paleoecological census of tetrapod communities in the area during the Early Cretaceous, and is especially significant given the complete absence or scarcity of skeletal remains reported from these formations.The composition of ichnofaunas in all three formations is heavily saurischian(theropod and sauropod) dominated with a high diversity of distinctive theropod morphotypes,mostly assignable to known ichnogenera. Moreover, ichnofaunal data from multiple sites are generally consistent between sites and an indication of the reliability and repeatability of track census data. Such regionally-widespread data are rapidly superseding the information available from the skeletal record in the corresponding area, and must therefore be considered of high paleontological value.展开更多
文摘背景:背包行走是儿童常见的活动。过重的书包会对儿童下肢及足部造成不利的影响,从而影响儿童的发育。目的:探讨肥胖对儿童背包行走时步态特征的影响。方法:应用体质量指数法并参考中国学龄儿童青少年超重、肥胖筛查体质量指数标准,对儿童进行选择。纳入40名小学生作为观察对象,其中20名肥胖儿童,体质量指数(28.13±3.4)kg/m^2;20名非肥胖儿童,体质量指数(17.44±1.57)kg/m^2。应用比利时RSscan International公司的2 m footscan足底压力平板测试系统对儿童在背包行走时的步态进行测试。结果与结论:(1)与非肥胖儿童相比,肥胖儿童在背包行走过程中,左、右足Ⅰ-Ⅴ跖骨、足中部、足跟内侧压强峰值显著增大(P<0.05);全足支撑期占整个足支撑阶段的百分比显著延长(P<0.05);足弓指数值(足中部与地面接触面积的百分比)和右足足轴角均显著增大(P<0.05);(2)结果提示,肥胖对儿童背包行走时的足底压力分布有明显的影响。与非肥胖儿童相比,肥胖儿童足跖骨、足中部、足跟内侧区域受力显著增大,身体的稳定性变差,行走时足更扁平,肥胖儿童足八字脚更严重。这些因素使得肥胖易造成儿童负重时的足底损伤。
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.50808065)National Key High-Tech Program(863) of China(No.2006AA06Z311)Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes Open Project,China(No.2006KJ006)
文摘Comparative experiments on the inactivation of Copepod were investigated in southern China. The 100% of inactivation effect may be attained by 3.0 mg/L of ozone for contacting time of 25 min, whereas 0.5 mg/L of dosage resulted in only 30% of inactivation rate. Copepod may not be completely inactivated by ozone oxidation for feasible dosage limited by higher bromide in raw water. The favorable environment of granular activated carbon （GAC） filter provided Copepod with conditions for excess propagation, The disinfection experimental results show that the inactivation rate is 90% by 2.0 mg/L of chloramines for contacting time of 30 min, whereas only 70% is attained with chlorine. The GC-MS examination indicates that the total organic substance is increased to 92 specie： inciuding 13 sorts of halogenated hydrocarbon by chlorine disnfection, which is more than that of chloramines. More products of bromiinated trihalomethanes occur in treated water by chlorine, disinfection and total amount of THMs is 3 times as high as that of chloramines.
基金the China Bureau of Foreign Experts and the Ministry of Education of China (111 Program, Grant 2008-B08044)the Key Basic Research Project "973" (2010CB951301-5)the Chinese Academy of Sciences’ Fellowship for Young International Scientists (Fellowship Number 2010Y1SA16)
文摘Insects are not only the most species-rich group on Earth, they also play numerous crucial roles in ecosystem functioning and the global economy. The conservation of insect diversity is therefore a topic of global importance. However, insects are mostly ignored by ＂biodiversity＂ research; for example, relationships between insect diversity and vegetation or climate change remain widely unknown. This paper makes suggestions for further research into insect diversity patterns based on two typical forest types in northern China： Changbai Mountain, northeast China and Dongling Mountain, central northern China. Plants and climate have been well studied in these areas but substantial knowledge gaps prevail in relation to insect diversity patterns. It is therefore important to investigate insect biodiversity patterns in these regions.
文摘Objective: This study was designed to evaluate the association between skin autofluorescence (AF), an indicator of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), and foot ulcers in subjects with diabetes. Methods: In this study, 195 Chinese diabetic subjects were examined. Their feet were examined regardless of whether an ulcer was present or not. Skin AF was measured with an AGE reader. Demographic characteristics and blood data were recorded. Results: The mean values of skin AF were 2.29±0.47 for subjects without foot ulcers, and 2.80±0.69 for those with foot ulcers, a significant difference (P<0.05). Skin AF was strongly correlated with age and duration of diabetes. After adjusting for these factors, multivariate logistic regression showed that skin AF was independently associated with foot ulcerations. Conclusions: Skin AF is independently associated with diabetic foot ulcerations. It might be a useful screening method for foot ulceration risk of diabetic patients.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (2012CB822000)a Special Project Grant of Chongqing People’s Government (QDBLR-2007-2015)the 2013 and 2015 Support Fund for Graduate Students’ Science and Technology Innovation from China University of Geosciences (Beijing), China (51223229)
文摘In recent years the Lower Cretaceous red beds of southwestern China have yielded more than 20 significant dinosaur-dominated tracksites. More than half occur in the Jiaguan Formation with the remainder in the Feitianshan and Xiaoba formations. Collectively these sites provide evidence of at least 13 distinct dinosaurian trackmaker morphotypes, in addition to two avian theropod(bird)morphotypes and pterosaur and turtle tracks. Together these total 17 morphotypes provide a data base of 479 potential trackmakers, probably representing the same number of individuals. Such an ichnological database provides a useful proxy paleoecological census of tetrapod communities in the area during the Early Cretaceous, and is especially significant given the complete absence or scarcity of skeletal remains reported from these formations.The composition of ichnofaunas in all three formations is heavily saurischian(theropod and sauropod) dominated with a high diversity of distinctive theropod morphotypes,mostly assignable to known ichnogenera. Moreover, ichnofaunal data from multiple sites are generally consistent between sites and an indication of the reliability and repeatability of track census data. Such regionally-widespread data are rapidly superseding the information available from the skeletal record in the corresponding area, and must therefore be considered of high paleontological value.
