孙青湧：让“孙子足诊疗法”走向世界

孙青湧先生是“孙子足诊疗法”的创始人。孙青沔先生多年致力于足疗方法研究，继承传统中华医药理论，弘扬中华足诊疗法，根据其实践经验所创的独具特色的足诊疗法，被业界称为“孙子足诊疗法”。查阅古籍，可以了解到古代就有“观趾法”、“足心道”的记载。虽然足穴疗法究竟起于何时现在已无从考证，然而有据可查的记录是在司马迁《史记》中的记载：上古时期有一位名叫俞跗的医生，治病不用汤液醴酒，而在足部用针灸和按摩疗疾。目前世界上已有几十个国家和地区开展了足部保健疗法。

针灸推拿干预亚健康的研究

亚健康已经成为威胁人类健康的"世纪病",越来越受到人们的关注。亚健康状态的变化发展具有双向性和可逆性,积极地干预措施有助于亚健康状态向健康发展。针灸推拿干预亚健康的研究较多,采用体针、灸法、耳穴疗法、穴位注射、足穴疗法、综合疗法以及推拿疗法进行干预收效显著。

Clinical Application of Fengchi Point

For Painful Heels - an Example for Treating Diseases of the Lower Body by Needling Points at the Upper Part of the BodyMrs. Mai, 40 years old, paid her first visit on the 4th August 1991, with the chief complaint of pain in the heels after getting up in the morning for 5 years. The pain was gradually aggravated and so severe that she could only walk on the tiptoes. On examination, her tongue proper was reddened with whitish fur, the pulse was thready, and with no abnormal findings of the sole and calcaneus revealed on X-ray films. The condition was due to deficiency of yin,and obstruction of blood stasis in the channels and collaterals. Prescription of acupoints: bilateral Fengchi (GB 20) and Taixi (KI 3).

CLINICAL OBSERVATION ON THE TREATMENT OF KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS BY ACUPUNCTURE IN BA-HE TECHNIQUE

Objective: To observe the clinical therapeutic effect of Ba-He techniqu e of acupuncture in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis. Methods: A total of 90 cases of knee osteoarthritis were evenly randomized into Ba-He technique group (observation group) and common technique group (control group), with 45 cases in each group. Zusanli (足三里 ST 36), Heding (鹤顶 EX-LE 2) and Dubi (犊鼻 ST 35 ) were punctured respectively in Ba-He technique and common technique in the two gr oups. The therapeutic effects of the two groups were compared after one course o f treatment (10 sessions) in accordance with Japanese assessment criteria for kn ee-joint functions. Results: After treatment, among the 74 and 7 1 affected knees in the observation and control groups, the therapeutic effect was excellent in 42 (56.8%) and 26 (36.6%) knees, fine in 14 (18.9%) and 20 (28.2%), OK in 10 (13 .5%) and 11 (15.5%), and poor in 8 (10.8%) and 14 (19.7%) respectively. The ther apeutic effect of the observation group was significantly better than that of co ntrol group (P<0.01). Conclusion: The Ba- He technique of acupuncture applied to the above-mentioned three acupoints exerted remarkable therapeutic effect for k n ee osteoarthritis, which is obviously better than that of the common needling te chnique.

Effect of acupuncture at Bǎihuì (百会GV 20) and Zúsānlǐ (足三里ST 36) on the level of serum inflammatory cytokines in patients with depression

Objective To investigate the immunologic mechanism of acupuncture at Bǎihuì（百 会 GV 20） and Zúsānlǐ（足三里 ST 36） for treatment of depression. Methods Eighty-four cases of depression patients were randomly divided into an electroacupuncture observation group（group A）, an electroacupuncture control group（group B） and a medication control group（group C）, 28 cases in each group. Bǎihuì（百会 GV 20） and Zúsānlǐ（足三里 ST 36） were used in the group A; Tàichōng （太冲 LR 3）, Sānyīnjiāo （三阴交 SP 6）, Nèiguān （内关 PC 6） and Shénmén （神门 HT 7） were used in the group B; and the group C was treated with oral administration of Fluoxetine. The scores of Hamilton Depression Scale （HAMD） were tested and the level of serum interleukin 1（IL-1β）, interleukin 6 （IL-6）, and tumor necrosis factor α （TNF-α） were measured by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay （ELISA）before and after treatment. Results Their scores of HAMD were obviously decreased after treatment in three groups（all P0.01）. In the group A, 2 cases were cured, 19 cases were markedly effective, 5 cases were effective and 2 cases were failed. In the group B, 16 cases were markedly effective, 12 cases were effective. While in the group C, 1 case was cured, 17 cases were markedly effective, 7 cases were effective and 3 cases were failed. The grade distribution of clinical effect showed that the effect of group A was better （P0.05）. The levels of serum IL-1β and IL-6 in the three groups were obviously decreased after treatment （P0.05, P0.01）, while there was no significant difference between the level of serum TNF-α before and after treatment. Conclusion The effect of electroacupuncture observation group is superior to those of electroacupuncture control group and medication control group.All of these three methods can clear the inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β and IL-6 away and improve the symptoms of depression.

中医外治法治疗亚健康状态临床研究进展

对近年来中医外治法治疗亚健康状态的临床文献进行总结、概述。从针灸、推拿及综合治疗等方面全面阐述了中医外治法治疗该病的基本动态,并对中医外汁法治疗亚健康的临床疗效做了分析和评述。

Influence of Acupuncture on Cerebral Vasomotoricity of Ischemic Stroke

Objective： To observe the influence of acupuncture at Zusanli （ST 36） and Xuanzhong （GB 39） on cerebral vasomotoricity of ischemic stroke and its possible mechanism. Methods： All the appropriate cases were randomly divided into treatment and control groups with 80 cases in each group. The routine treatment of cerebral apoplexy was given to the two groups. Zusanli （ST 36） and Xuanzhong （GB 39） were added to the treatment group. The change of velocity of blood blow of the cerebral central artery was observed by transfrontal Doppler ultrasound detecting method before and after treatment to evaluate the cerebral basomotoricity of the patients. Results： The cerebral vasomotoricity in the treatment group was greatly improved compared with pre-treatment （P〈0.05） and there was a significant difference compared with the control group （P〈0.05）. Conclusion： Acupuncture at Zusanli （ST 36） and Xuanzhong （GB 39） could obviously improve the cerebral vosomotoricity of the patients with cerebral ischemic stroke, which might be one of the action mechanisms of acupuncture treatment for cerebral ischemic stroke.

Therapeutic observation on electroacupuncture at Zusanli(ST 36) and Fenglong(ST 40) for senile dementia

Objective： To explore the clinical effects of electroacupuncture（EA） at Zusanli（ST 36） and Fenglong（ST 40） in treating senile dementia. Methods： A total of 74 patients were randomly divided into an EA group and a medication group based upon the random digital table, 37 cases in each group. EA at Zusanli（ST 36） and Fenglong（ST 40） was given in the EA group, once every day, for six treatments per week. Donepezil Hydrochloride Tablets were given to the medication group, 5 mg per time and once a day in the former four weeks, 10 mg per time and once a day after 4 weeks, oral administration before sleep at night. The courses of the treatment were 12 weeks in both groups. The scores of mini-mental state examination（MMSE） and Barthel index（BI） were observed before and after the treatment, for processing the comparative analysis of the clinical effects after the course of the treatment. Results： The total effective rate was 86.5% in the EA group and 70.3% in the medication group. The therapeutic effect was better in the EA group than that in the medication group, and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant（P〈0.05）. MMSE and BI scores after the treatment in the two groups were all elevated than those of the same groups before the treatment（P〈0.05, P〈0.01）. The improving situation was obviously better in the EA group than that in the medication group, and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant（P〈0.05）. Conclusion： EA at Zusanli（ST 36） and Fenglong（ST 40） is affirmative in the therapeutic effect for senile dementia and can also improve the cognitive function and enhance the patients＇ quality of life.

Overview of researches on central action mechanism of needling Zusanli(ST 36)

The contents about the central action mechanisms of needling Zusanli（ST 36） were sorted by summarizing the relevant literatures published in the past 10 years, and it was found that： by comparing acupuncture at Zusanli（ST 36）, other acupoints or sham points, most studies showed that Zusanli（ST 36） had relatively specific characteristics in the brain function response; studies on the central action mechanisms of Zusanli（ST 36） were mainly focused on sequelae of cerebral apoplexy, pain, gastrointestinal diseases, weight loss and drug addiction withdrawal and so on; acupuncture manipulations, stimulation methods, individual differences, stimulation quantity, and stimulation duration, etc. could also induce different brain function responses; acupuncture at Zusanli（ST 36） had an after-working effect, also called long-term effect, but with poor repeatability. So, it was suggested that the future studies should focus on the factors that affect the clinical efficacies and experimental results, including the compatibility effects of the acupoints, reproducibility of research results, sample size, acupuncture methods, long-term effects and disease entities.

Effect of acupoint injection of Neostigmine on gastrointestinal function after cholecystectomy

Objective： To observe the effect of acupoint injection with Neostigmine Methylsulfate at Zusanli（ST 36） on gastrointestinal function of patients after laparoscopic cholecystectomy.Methods： Totally 120 patients undergone laparoscopic cholecystectomy were randomized into an acupoint injection group, a muscular injection group, and a blank control group at 1：1：1 by random number table, 40 cases in each group. The blank control group was intervened by conventional post-operation treatment, the acupoint injection group was by acupoint injection with Neostigmine Methylsulfate 2 m L at bilateral Zusanli（ST 36） in addition to the treatment given to the blank control group, and the muscular injection group was by muscular injection with Neostigmine Methylsulfate 2 m L in addition to the treatment given to the blank control group. The two injection groups both received injection twice a day, totally for 3 d at most. The restored time of bowel sounds, initial flatulence time, defecation time and clinical efficacy were observed. Results： After treatment, there were significant differences in comparing the restored time of bowel sounds among the three groups（F=17.30, P〈0.05）, the acupoint injection group and muscular injection group were significantly different from the blank control group（P〈0.05）, and there was a significant difference between the acupoint injection group and muscular injection group（P〈0.05）; there were significant differences in comparing the initial flatulence time among the three groups（F=19.12, P〈0.05）, and the acupoint injection group was significantly different from the muscular injection group and the blank control group（P〈0.05）; there were significant differences in comparing the initial defecation time among the three groups（χ^2=21.23, P〈0.05）, while the difference between the acupoint injection group and muscular injection group was statistically insignificant（P〈0.05）. The total effective rate was 87.5% in the acupoint injection group, versus 72.5% in the muscular injection group and 60.0% in the blank control group, and there were significant differences among the three groups（P〉0.05）. Conclusion： Acupoint injection with Neostigmine Methylsulfate at Zusanli（ST 36） can shorten the restored time of bowel sounds and flatulence time in patients undergone laparoscopic cholecystectomy, and the efficacy is more significant compared to muscular injection with Neostigmine Methylsulfate.

Observation of Therapeutic Effects of Needle Warming Moxibustion for Chronic Diarrhea

Objective： To observe the therapeutic effects of needle warming moxibustion for chronic diarrhea. Methods： Two-hundred cases with chronic diarrhea were divided randomly into a treatment group and a control group. 100 cases in the treatment group were treated with needle warming moxibustion on specific acupoints. 100 cases in the control group were treated by oral administration of Smecta. Results： The therapeutic results showed cure in 52 cases, remarkable effect in 34 cases, improvement in 14 cases and the total effective rate in 100.0% in the treatment group, and cure in 5 cases, remarkable effect in 23 cases, improvement in 33 cases, failure in 39 cases and the total effective rate in 61.0% in the control group. The comparison of the total effective rate between the two groups was statistically significant （P〈0.05）. Conclusion： The needle warming moxibustion on specific acupoints is better than oral administration of Smecta in the therapeutic effects.

Clinical studies on different acupuncture time for primary dysmenorrhea

Objective： To seek the optimal acupuncture time for primary dysmenorrhea and provide clinical basis for optimal acupuncture treatment protocol. Methods： A total of 90 eligible cases were randomly allocated into three groups, 30 cases in each group. Points Guanyuan（CV 4）, bilateral Zusanli（ST 36） and Sanyinjiao（SP 6） were selected for patients in all three groups, with a different treatment duration： 15 min in group A, 30 min in group B and 45 min in group C. Then the clinical efficacy in each group was evaluated by pain symptom scoring. Results： As for the pain symptom scores, there were statistically significant intra-group differences between before and after treatment in three groups（all P〈0.05）; coupled with statistically significant inter-group differences between group B and the other two groups（both P〈0.05）. As for clinical efficacy, there were statistical differences between group B and the other two groups（both P〈0.05）, indicating that 30 min of acupuncture is the optimal duration in the treatment of dysmenorrhea. Conclusion： With the same needling manipulation, 30 min of acupuncture treatment achieves a better efficacy for primary dysmenorrhea.

Data mining for points-selection rules in acupuncture treatment of mammary gland hyperplasia

Objective： To explore and analyze the points-selection rules in acupuncture treatment of mammary gland hyperplasia （MGH） by data mining and statistical method. Methods： Clinical literatures about the treatment of MGH with acupuncture published in the recent 16 years were retrieved from Chinese Journal Full-text Database （CJFD） and established into a database by Excel. The SPSS 20 version software and Clementine 12.0 version software were adopted to analyze the frequency and association rules of points-selection in the treatment of MGH with acupuncture. Results： The top 3 points used most frequently in acupuncture treatment of MGH were Danzhon8 （CV 17）, Taichong （LR 3） and Zusanli （ST 36）; points from the Stomach Meridian of Foot Yangming and Liver Meridian of Foot Jueyin were most commonly used; the commonly selected points were predominantly distributed in thoracic and abdominal regions and lower limbs; emphasis on the combination use of local and distal points; of the specific points, the five Shu-Transmitting points were mostly used; association analysis showed that the associations among Taichong （LR 3）, Danzhong （CV 27） and Zusanli （ST 36） were the most significant. Conclusion： The data mining results substantially accord with the general rules of acupuncture-moxibustion theories in traditional Chinese medicine, able to reflect the points-selection principles and features in acupuncture treatment of MGH and provide evidence for the points selection in the treatment of MGH in acupuncture clinic.

Effects of needling acupoints at different nerve segments on oxytocin neurons in rat’s hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus and intragastric pressure

Objective:To compare and explore the effects of needling acupoints at different nerve segments on the oxytocin(OT)neurons in the paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus(PVN)and the intragastric pressure,and discuss the possible mechanisms.Methods:Thirty-two healthy adult Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats were numbered and divided into 4 groups according to the random number table,a Zusanli(ST 36)group,a Neiguan(PC 6)group,a Weishu(BL 21)group and a control group,with 8 rats in each group.Except the control group,rats in the other three groups received acupuncture at the corresponding acupoints.To observe the differences in double-labeled OT neurons and c-fos neurons of the hypothalamic PVN and the intragastric pressure after acupuncture among the three groups of needling acupoints at different nerve segments.Results:Compared with the control group,the numbers of double-labeled cells in the PVN of the Zusanli(ST 36)group and the Neiguan(PC 6)group decreased significantly,while the intragastric pressure increased significantly(all P<0.05),and the inter-group differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).The intragastric pressure in the Weishu(BL 21)group decreased significantly,and the inter-group difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Compared with the Weishu(BL 21)group,the numbers of OT/c-fos double-labeled cells in PVN of the Zusanli(ST 36)group and the Neiguan(PC 6)group decreased significantly,and the intragastric pressure increased significantly,the inter-group differences were statistically significant(all P<0.01).Conclusion:Acupoints at different nerve segments have different regulation effects on intragastric pressure.The difference may be related to the different nerve conduction pathways by acupoints at different nerve segments in regulating the intragastric pressure.The PVN may be one common integration center for the regulation of gastric function in the three acupoints[Zusanli(ST 36),Neiguan(PC 6)and Weishu(BL 21)]at different nerve segments.

Clinical Observation on Treating Menopause Syndrome with Acupuncture Therapy

Objective： To study the clinical effect and the endocnne mechanism ot acupuncture therapy on menopause syndrome. Method： There were 47 cases with menopause syndrome, which were divided into two groups, 32 cases in the acupuncture group, treated by acupuncture with main acupoins of Shenshu （BL 23）, Zusanli （ST 36） and Sanyinjiao （SP 6）, and 15 cases in the control group, treated by orally taking the Oryzanol. The Kupperman index of the two groups was observed before and after treatment for evaluating the therapeutic effect. The changes of blood-serum E2, T, FSH, LH of the 25 cases in the acupuncture group were tested by radioimmunoassay before and after the treatment. Results： The acupuncture therapy can relieve the clinical symptoms of menopause syndrome, and its therapeutic effect was better than Oryzanol. After being treated by acupuncture therapy, the content of blood-serum E2 obviously increased, while the contents of LH and T declined, and the FSH also had a tendency to lower, but it was not statistically significant. Conclusion： The therapeutic effect of acupuncture therapy for menopause is confirmed. The acupuncture therapy can improve the function of hypophysial-gonadal axis of the patient with menopause syndrome, which may be the main mechanism of the acupuncture therapy for treating menopause syndrome.

Effects of Acupuncture and Moxibustion on MDA, GSH-Px, and Hyp in the Skin of Senile Mice

Objective： To observe the effects of acupuncture and moxibustion on the skin histomorphology of senile mice. Methods： The subacute senile model of mouse was made by subcutaneous injection of D-galactose into the neck, then they were randomly allocated into an acupuncture group, a moxibustion group, a model group, and a blank group, and measured the content of malondialdehyde （MDA）, activity of glutathione peroxidase （GSH-Px）, and content of hydroxyproline （Hyp） in the skin tissue. Results： Acupuncture and moxibustion at Zusanli （ST 36） could decrease the content of MDA, enhance the activity of GSH-Px, and increase the content of Hyp in the skin tissue of senile mice. Conclusion： Acupuncture and moxibustion at Zusanli （ST 36） could delay the senescence progress of mice＇s skin.

Low-frequency fluctuation amplitude analysis of resting-state fMRI for functional brain response differences between acupuncture and moxibustion at Zusanli(ST 36) in patient with functional dyspepsia

Objective： To compare and analyze functional brain response characteristics by applying acupuncture or moxibustion to Zusanli（ST 36） in patients with functional dyspepsia（FD） and investigate the differences of central action mechanism resulting from acupuncture or moxibustion.Methods： A total of eligible 24 FD cases were divided into two blood-oxygen-level dependent（BOLD） sequences for functional magnetic resonance imaging（fMRI） scan. The amplitude of low frequency fluctuation（ALFF） analyses were conducted on the data of location phase, structure phase, resting state before acupuncture/moxibustion, working state during acupuncture/moxibustion and resting state after acupuncture/moxibustion using Data Processing Assistant for Resting-State fMRI（DPARSF） software.Results： Acupuncture and moxibustion produced significant differences in functional brain response. The working state during acupuncture/moxibustion mainly decreased ALFF values in the right supramarginal gyrus, right superior parietal lobule, right frontal gyrus, upper right occipital lobe, right precuneus and right cingulate gyrus. At the same time, it increased ALFF values in the left cerebellum, right caudate nucleus, right cerebellum and left inferior gyrus. The differences during the resting state after acupuncture/moxibustion were significantly smaller than the working state in intensity and size. It mainly resulted in decrease in ALFF values in the right postcentral gyrus and right supramarginal gyrus and increase in ALFF values in the left precuneus, orbital part of inferior frontal gyrus and right cerebellar peduncles.Conclusion： Needling and moxibustion at Zusanli（ST 36） can produce significant differences in immediate functional brain response.

Experimental Research of Acupuncture Therapy on Skin Aging in Senile Rats

Objective： To observe the effect of acupuncture on skin aging of senile rats and discuss the mechanism of acupuncture in treating skin aging. Methods： The 18-month-old senile Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups, a blank group, a surrounding needling group, a surrounding needling plus Zusanli （ST 36） group, comparing with the 8-month-old young rats. The tests included the content of dissoluble hydroxyproline （Hyp） and the activity of superoxide dismutase （SOD） in the skin of rats＇ abdomen. The transmission electron microscope was used for the morphological observation of the fibroblasts and the arrangement of the collagen fiber. Results： The dermal organelles in the fibroblasts of the rats decreased with the cellular structures. Meanwhile, the spaces among the collagen fibers extended and the aging bridging increased. The surrounding needling improved the activity of the fibroblasts. The dissoluble Hyp content in the surrounding needling group was much higher than the rats in the blank group, but the SOD activity didn＇t change significantly. However, the surrounding needling plus Zusanli （ST 36） enhanced the SOD activity. Conclusion： Acupuncture may improve the activity of the fibroblasts in the skin to increase the dissoluble collagen content, resulting in the improvement of an aged appearance. Surrounding needling plus needling Zusanli （ST 36） could enhance the SOD activity.