运载工具喷水推进跌落射流气-液两相流动特性和空气夹带机理研究

采用数值模拟与试验相结合的方法,考虑喷口几何形状、射流速度和跌落高度等因素,研究跌落射流气-液两相流动特性和空气夹带机理,分析跌落射流初始砰击过程和空腔的非稳态演化,讨论流场压力和速度的分布规律。研究结果表明:自由液面、跌落液柱、空腔、气泡和液滴等相间界面时空变化复杂;根据自由液面下方的气泡数目、分布和形成间隔,可确定无夹带、开始夹带、间歇夹带和连续夹带4种空气夹带模式;各影响因素的耦合会改变气泡羽流的穿透特征。根据射流跌落高度和射流速度建立了空气夹带图谱。研究成果可为提高运载工具的喷水推进效率和进行结构优化设计提供技术支撑。

Degradation of the Emission Current from the Field Emitter Caused by Ion Bombardment

In field emission devices, the emission current sometimes degrades with the time. The mechanism of the current degradation is complicated. In this paper, a program is used to simulate the movement of the electron beam from a field emitter. According to the current distribution and the trajectories of the primary electron beam, it is shown that the residual gas is ionized and the ion pairs are generated. The trajectories of the positive ions are simulated. With the different locations and kinetic energy of i...