基于分数阶傅里叶变换的线性调频引信定距方法

针对调频(FM)引信,为了在较小的调制频偏内获得较高定距精度,提出了基于分数阶域瞬时初始频率估计和基于分数阶相关的两种定距方法。论述了两种方法的定距原理,分析了其距离分辨力与抗噪声性能,并进行了仿真验证。结果表明:较FM谐波定距方法,两种方法具有较高的距离分辨力,且受FM带宽影响较小;同时定距方法通过FM发射、接收信号与单载波混频方法,在分数阶域避免了FM率估计,降低了算法复杂度,具有工程可实现性;较初始频率估计方法,基于分数阶相关的FM定距方法抗噪声性能更好,适合于低信噪比环境下信号检测。

一种基于矩不变原理的散焦测距方法

恢复图像中物体的三维信息一直都是计算机视觉领域中非常重要的一环,而物体到摄像机的距离又是景物三维重建的关键。利用矩不变原理,研究了一种测量散焦图像中景深的新方法。该方法是用摄像机获取二幅相同景深,不同模糊程度的图像,将灰度图像转换成梯度图像,利用矩不变原理计算梯度图像中边缘区的大小与整个窗口图像区大小的比值,然后根据二幅图像的比值计算出物体的景深。

基于瞬时相关频域检测的复合调制引信定距方法

为了实现混沌调相与线性调频复合调制无线电引信对不同散射特性的地面目标的精确定距功能,提出一种基于瞬时相关频域检测的复合调制引信定距方法。在时域瞬时相关处理之前,对本地预设混沌码与目标回波信号以码元宽度为采样周期进行同步采样;为减小目标回波幅值对定距方法的影响,以二维快速傅里叶变换(2D-FFT)提取目标的距离、速度信息,以相关窗位置、谐波包络主瓣位置、稳定的多普勒频率3个特征量作为定距依据,从频域角度进行精确定距。仿真结果表明:所提方法的判定结果只与目标信号信噪比有关,而与信号幅值具体大小无关;所提方法可在-28 dB的极低信噪比条件下实现复合调制引信对不同散射特性地面目标的精确定距功能。

基于多谐波联合识别的调频引信定距方法

针对调频连续波近炸引信定距领域,基于单谐波定距方法局限性较大,难以适应探测器灵敏度差异及易受干扰等问题,提出基于多谐波联合识别的定距方法。该方法利用多次谐波之间的逻辑关系,提取其中的距离信息和速度信息,并且在多次谐波之间进行验证与比较。仿真结果表明,基于多谐波联合识别的调频引信定距方法适用于目前的调频连续波近炸引信,能够提高引信识别定距过程中的抗干扰能力。

基于单目测距方法的自动导引小车导航系统

基于激光和SLAM算法的AGV导航技术的复杂性原因,提出了一种基于单目测距方法的自动导引小车导航系统,其方法是利用单目测距的原理作为基础,然后采用位置图案作为位置标识,综合AGV调度控制系统把路径变成数字序列,用数字序列来控制AGV的行驶过程,从而降低了基于视觉技术的AGV导航技术的复杂性,也使得AGV导航技术适应于更多的应用场合。

外来有害生物风险分析的方法和技术

概述了有害生物风险分析在防止外来物种入侵以及在国际贸易地位中的重要性,介绍了当前国内外进行有害生物风险分析常用的一些方法和技术以及相应的分析系统软件:Monte Carlo模拟方法、气候相似距方法、CLIMEX系统模拟模型、多指标综合评价方法、WhyWhere系统、GARP模型系统和地理信息系统(GIS),最后比较了上述技术和方法的优点以及存在的不足。

基于井下移动图像采集的目标识别与精确定位方法

针对现有井下定位方法定位精度波动较大、难以进一步提高的问题,提出一种基于井下移动图像采集的目标识别与精确定位方法。利用定位目标携带的摄像机采集环境图像,通过自适应直方图均衡化方法对采集到的原始图像进行预处理,采用深度学习技术SSD算法、数据增强SSD算法识别井下标志目标,并采用基于小孔成像原理的单目测距方法进行测距和定位。实验结果表明:与灰度图像匹配算法和特征图像匹配算法2种传统算法相比,SSD算法对距离和角度变化的适应能力更好,距离为4.5 m时有效检测率仍达89.2%;数据增强SSD算法提高了鲁棒性,检测精确率比SSD算法高1.7%,可以更好地适应复杂环境。井下应用结果表明,基于井下移动图像采集的目标识别与精确定位方法在2~10 m范围内可得到较理想的效果,随着距离增加,测量精度有所下降。

自由分子区布朗凝并作用下的颗粒尺寸分布变化

对于燃烧过程中生成的亚微米颗粒,其一次颗粒的长大过程主要是通过碰撞凝并实现的。本文通过对颗粒的初始分布作出一个合理的正态对数分布的假设,运用矩方法(Moment Method)研究了自由分子区的颗粒在布朗碰撞作用下的颗粒尺寸分布的变化情况。所得到的长时间碰撞凝并结果符合布朗碰撞凝并过程的自保持特性。数值结果还表明,颗粒初始的宽粒径分布会显著提高粒子云的在凝并初期的凝并速率和生成粒子的平均直径,且最终生成的粒子尺寸都是宽分布的。这说明在预报微细颗粒的迁移和长大过程中有必要考虑粒子的宽分布特性。

基于量变质变论的城市水系结构变异分析

为了识别水系结构在城市化影响下发生的变异,采用质量变异距方法分析了郑州市水系结构的变异程度,将受城市化影响最小的1985年的水系结构作为初始状态,验证了该方法的可行性与适用性。结果表明:郑州市水系结构从1985年到2005年、2010年和2013年均发生中度变异,介于井字型与川字型结构过渡区,且城市化依然影响水系结构向劣化发展(2005年的状态好于2010年、2013年的),变异程度为中度,呈现出主干化、顺直化变异,整体性割裂严重,连通性和完整性遭到破坏。

AUTOFOCUSING OF SYNTHETIC HRR RADAR USING STEPPED FREQUENCY WAVEFORMS

Most operating radar systems don′t have sufficient frequency bandwidth to produce high range resolution(HRR) profile of a target. But we can use stepped frequency waveform in a narrow band coherent radar to obtain the HRR profile of a target. For moving targets which are of great importance in practical radar usage, autofocusing,i.e. phase correction, is a necessary and critical step of the synthetic HRR processing. The purpose of autofocusing is to remove the radial motion effect of the target from radar echoes, and only reserve the stepped frequency effect which is the basis of synthetic HRR capability. We investigate two autofocusing approaches for synthetic HRR radars using stepped frequency waveform in this paper. The first is motion fitting method. This method depends on a certain parametric model, and is computationally expensive. Then we propose the iterative dominant scatterer method. It is robust, non parametric and simple in computation in comparison with the motion fitting method. Experimental results based on data acquired by using a metallised scale model B 52 in a microwave anechoic chamber reveal the validity and effectiveness of the method.

Dual transponder ranging performance in the presence of oscillator phase noise

A dual transponder carrier ranging method can be used to measure inter-satellite distance with high precision by combining the reference and the to-and-fro measurements. Based on the differential techniques, the oscillator phase noise, which is the main error source for microwave ranging systems, can be significantly attenuated. Further, since the range measurements are derived on the same satellite, the dual transponder ranging system does not need a time tagging system to synchronize the two satellites. In view of the lack of oscillator noise analysis on the dual transponder ranging model, a comprehensive analysis of oscillator noise effects on ranging accuracy is provided. First, the dual transponder ranging system is described with emphasis on the detailed analysis of oscillator noise on measurement precision. Then, a high-fidelity numerical simulation approach based on the power spectrum density of an actual ultra-stable oscillator is carried out in both frequency domain and time domain to support the presented theoretical analysis. The simulation results under different conditions are consistent with the proposed concepts, which makes the results reliable. Besides, the results demonstrate that a high level of accuracy can be achieved by using this oscillator noise cancelation-oriented ranging method.

Numerical experiment rock fragmentation by combined dynamic and static loads under dual-cutter head

This paper puts forward a new rock fragmentation loading method of dual-cutter head combined dynamic and static loads. By applying the numerical simulation software - RFPA2D, we have done numerical experiment about the sihstone＇ s crushing effect by dynamic load on single cutter head without confining pressure, dynamic load on single cut- ter head with confining pressure 10 MPa and different dual-cutter heads spacing by combined dynamic and static loads with confining pressure 10 MPa. Experimental results show that the confining pressure can obviously affect the rock frag- mentation effect. Combined dynamic and static loads can greatly improve the rock fragmentation effect. There exists an optimal spacing of dual-cutter head that can make the rock fragmentation achieve the desired effect. Through analyzing the acoustic emission accumulative energy and quantity, the authors make a conclusion that the optimum spacing is 30 mm.

On the Connectivity of One-dimensional Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks

In this paper we analyze connectivity of one-dimensional Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks where vehicle gap distribution can be approximat- ed by an exponential distribution. The probabilities of Vehicular Ad Hoc Network connectivity for difference cases are derived. Furthermore we proof that the nodes in a sub-interval [z1, z1 ＋ △z] of interval [0,z],z 〉 0 where all the nodes are independently uniform distributed is a Poisson process and the relationship of Vehicle Ad hoc Networks and one-dimensional Ad Hoc networks where nodes independently uniform distributed in [zl, z1 ＋ △z] is explained. The analysis is validated by computing the probability of network connectivity and comparing it with the Mont Carlo simu- lation results.

A new optimal approach to segmentation of 2D range scans to line sections

In order to obtain a compact and exact representation of 2D range scans,UKF(unscented Kalman filter) and CDKF(central difference Kalman filter) were proposed for extracting the breakpoint of the laser data. Line extraction was performed in every continuous breakpoint region by detecting the optimal angle and the optimal distance in polar coordinates,and every breakpoint area was constructed with two points. As a proof to the method,an experiment was performed by a mobile robot equipped with one SICK laser rangefinder,and the results of UKF/CDKF in breakpoint detection and line extraction were compared with those of the EKF(extended Kalman filter) . The results show that the exact geometry of the raw laser data of the environments can be obtained by segmented raw measurements(combining the proposed breakpoint detection approach with the line extraction method) ,and method UKF is the best one compared with CDKF and EKF.

An improved Mahalanobis distance-based colour segmentation method for rural building recognition

Aiming at the rapid identification of rural buildings in complex environments from high-spatialresolution images, an improved Mahalanobis distance colour segmentation method(IMDCSM) is proposed and realised in Red, Green and Blue(RGB) space. Vector sets of a lower discrete degree are obtained by filtering the colour vector sets of the building samples, and a standard ellipsoid equation can be constructed based on these vector sets. The threshold of interested colour range can be flexibly and intuitively selected by changing the shape and size of this ellipsoid. Then, according to the relationship between the location of the image pixel colour vector and the ellipsoid, all building information can be extracted quickly. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV) images of two areas in the suburbs of Chengdu city and Deyang city were utilised as experimental data for image segmentation, and the existing colour segmentation method based on the Mahalanobis distance was selected as an indicator to assess the effectiveness of this method. The experimental results demonstrate that the completeness and correctness of this method reached 95% and 83.0%, respectively, values that are higher than those of the Mahalanobis distance colour segmentation method(MDCSM). In general, this method is suitable for the rapid extraction of rural building information, and provides a new threshold selection method for classification.

Research and implementation of continuous wave radar ranging method based on tri-frequency

In the traditional dual-frequency radar ranging system,there is a contradiction between ranging precision and ranging distance.So a tri-frequency ranging method is proposed.The principle of the tri-frequency ranging is that the distance can be achieved by transmitting the three frequencies and then measuring the three phase difference and calculating the number of wavelength.What's more,range ambiguity will not occur within a certain distance.The experimental results show that,if the waveband is 0.47 ~0.57 m,the measurement of unambiguous distance of 25 ~500m can be realized.If the wavelength tolerance error is less than ± 10^(-7) and the phase error is less than ± 10^(-3),the precision of the distance ranging can reach 10^(-6).

A Survey of Ranging Algorithms and Localization Schemes in Underwater Acoustic Sensor Network

Underwater Acoustic Sensor Network(UASN) has attracted significant attention because of its great influence on ocean exploration and monitoring. On account of the unique characteristics of underwater environment, localization, as one of the fundamental tasks in UASNs, is a more challenging work than in terrestrial sensor networks. A survey of the ranging algorithms and the network architectures varied with different applications in UASNs is provided in this paper. Algorithms used to estimate the coordinates of the UASNs nodes are classified into two categories: rangebased and range-free. In addition, we analyze the architectures of UASNs based on different applications, and compare their performances from the aspects of communication cost, accuracy, coverage and so on. Open research issues which would affect the accuracy of localization are also discussed, including MAC protocols, sound speed and time synchronization.

A SVM Based Text Steganalysis Algorithm for Spacing Coding

Group distance coding is suitable for secret communication covered by printed documents. However there is no effective method against it. The study found that the hiding method will make group distances of text lines coverage on specified values, and make variances of group distances among N-Window text lines become small. Inspired by the discovery, the research brings out a Support Vector Machine （SVM） based steganalysis algorithm. To avoid the disturbance of large difference among words length from same line, the research only reserves samples whose occurrence-frequencies are ± 10dB of the maximum frequency. The results show that the correct rate of the SVM classifier is higher than 90%.

A New Method for Detecting Internal Defects in Composite Materials Based on Time of Flight

Carbon-fiber reinforced polymer composites have been widely used to achieve the light-weighted design and high performance due to superior performance. Internal defects in the composite materials are the main factors that determine their performance,which makes reliable and effective detection methods of internal defects essential. Nondestructive testing(NDT)methods are the most widely-used way due to their tremendous advantages. Though the theoretical background is found,experimental results could be quite complicated and confusing,especially for composite materials with complex defects characteristics. In this paper,experimental study on internal defects in composite materials based on the time of flight(ToF)are investigated. The Gaussian echo model and the parameter estimation methods are established to build a theoretical model for measurements. Then,the distance amplitude correction(DAC)method is proposed to effectively improve the signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)and to reduce distortion of the signal during measurements. Finally,the ToF is adopted to determine depth of internal defects. Experiment study is conducted to investigate the porosity defects and the anti-impact performance of composite materials,as well as defects in objects with various thicknesses. Experimental results show that the proposed method is quite helpful for obtaining the intuition and deep understanding of internal defects,thus contributing to the determination of product performance and its improvement.

SERIALLY CONCATENATED CONTINUOUS PHASE MODULATION WITH REDUCED ITERATIVE DEMODULATION AND DETECTION

A reduced state Soft Input Soft Output (SISO) a posteriori probability algorithm for Seri-ally Concatenated Continuous Phase Modulation (SCCPM) is proposed in this paper. Based on the Reduced State Sequence Detection (RSSD),it has more general form compared with other reduced state SISO algorithms. The proposed algorithm can greatly reduce the state number,thus leads to the computation complexity reduction. It also minimizes the degradation in Euclidean distance with decision feedback in the reduced state trellis. Analysis and simulation results show that the perform-ance degradation is little with proper reduction scheme.