There is a lack of information of whether the behavior pattern and physical condition of the Hooded Crane (Grus monacha) have been limited by conditions encountered at stopover sites in Changgou village,which is adjac...There is a lack of information of whether the behavior pattern and physical condition of the Hooded Crane (Grus monacha) have been limited by conditions encountered at stopover sites in Changgou village,which is adjacent to Zhalong Nature Reserve in northeastern China,one of the most important stopover sites of this crane.The objective of our research was to investigatethe impact of human-caused disturbances on the Hooded Cranes.We investigated three behavior activities of the Hooded Cranes,i.e.,flying time,flushing distance and the duration of vigilance.The results indicate that the auditory stimuli caused by local people provoked the most pronounced disturbances to the Hooded Crane.Human-caused disturbances not only frequently interrupt the feeding process of the cranes,but also lead to an increase of 200％ in the duration of their vigilance and a significant increase in flying time from 0.4 to 0.7 h (p ＜ 0.05).In addition,high-intensity noise can cause larger flushing distances; foraging cranes will flush away by about 600 m when disturbed by the honking of vehicles.Whistles or shouts by local farmers in the field generated the largest sound intensity,about 120 dB,which caused a flushing distance of over 700 m.In order to reduce the negative effect of human-caused disturbances on these cranes,it is imperative to define a buffer zone around sensitive areas during the fall stopover period.To solve the conflict between the interest of farmers and the demand for crops on the part of the cranes requires financial compensation to the farmers for the crops consumed by the Hooded Crane in order to enhance the conservation of this vulnerable bird species.展开更多
Two types of the dual mode-locked fiber lasers for asynchronous absolute distance measurement are investigated, The lasers are linear and ring cavity with repetition rate of 70 MHz and 100 MHz, respectively. The group...Two types of the dual mode-locked fiber lasers for asynchronous absolute distance measurement are investigated, The lasers are linear and ring cavity with repetition rate of 70 MHz and 100 MHz, respectively. The group velocity dispersion is not compensated in the first type of the lasers, while the others are fully done. The timing jitter with the Allan deviation below averaging time of 0.2 s during the distance measurement for around 1 m of both types of lasers were 2.5 ps with 600 nm and 1.6 ps with 200 nm. We concluded that the phase noise resulted from the intra-cavity dispersion is the main contribution for the uncertainty of the ranging in these two types of the lasers.展开更多
This study investigated the difference in the levels of people＇s acceptance of robots by the types of social relationships between humans and robots. In this study, social relationships between a robot and a person w...This study investigated the difference in the levels of people＇s acceptance of robots by the types of social relationships between humans and robots. In this study, social relationships between a robot and a person were categorized into four types consisted of two in the horizontal of social relationship （intimacy dimension） and two in the vertical of social relationship （status dimension）. In dialogue between humans and robots, the types of social relationship were adjusted by forms of language such as calling by name and speech styles. People＇s acceptance of robots was measured by people＇s comfortable approach distance to the robot. Participants showed greater acceptance of a robot when the robot called them by their names. In the case of speech style, participants accepted the robot which used honorific speech style without addressing them by their name, while they accepted the robot which used familiar speech style with addressing them by their name. There was an interaction effect between gender and calling by name.展开更多
This research explores media users＇ cognition of ＂time＂ and ＂space＂ across different media platforms, and conducts a comparison among media genres including mass media and intemet media based on user＇s interacti...This research explores media users＇ cognition of ＂time＂ and ＂space＂ across different media platforms, and conducts a comparison among media genres including mass media and intemet media based on user＇s interactivities. Especially, this research focused on the internet＇s space and time perception based on communication genres such as e-mail, Blogs, portals, news-media, e-commerce, and social media （SNS）. The research adopted two theories （construal level theory of time and space）. The time related theory is ＂temporal distance theory＂. The space related theory is ＂media space＂. The research is designed to measure user＇s perception of interactivity, time-construal level and its media space cognition while using the media. There are two independent variables： Interactivities （contents, user, and media levels） and user involvement （CMC-user vs. user, HCI-user vs. media）; there are two dependent variables： Cognition of spatial and temporal levels. This research also seeks the associated variables relationship among those variables through the structural equation model （SEM）. The 307 data was collected and analyzed to test the research question. The results show that the dimension of the media side＇s interactivity affected media＇s usage time and space perception. There are 2 ~ 2 factors variables to affect time and space. One is human and media interaction （HC1） and human to human communication （CMC）; the other is traditional mass media （one-way communication） and interuet media （two-ways communication）. The results prove the user＇s perception for media time and space is based on the levels of interactivity. The levels of interactivities depend on media usage： one-one, one-many, synchronous, asynchronous, interpersonal, and social network communication. Online media provides greater social space; while traditional media tends toward para-space perception. On the other hand, the users＇ time cognitions between online media are different such as fixed time versus cyber-time.展开更多
Numerous domestic scholars have argued that a remote location is the major factor preventing the transformation and sustainable development of resource-exhausted cities. Research to date, however, has not presented re...Numerous domestic scholars have argued that a remote location is the major factor preventing the transformation and sustainable development of resource-exhausted cities. Research to date, however, has not presented relevant evidence to support this hypothesis or explained how to identify the concept of ‘remoteness'. Resource-exhausted cities designated by the State Council of China were examined in this study alongside the provincial capital cities that contain such entities and three regional central cities that are closely connected to this phenomenon: Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou. Spatial and temporal distances are used to calculate and evaluate the location remoteness degrees(LRDs) of resource-exhausted cities, in terms of both resource types and regions. The results indicate that resource-exhausted cities are indeed remote from the overall samples. Based on spatial distances, the LRDs are α_1 = 1.36(i.e., distance to provincial capital city) and β_1 = 1.14(i.e., distance to regional central city), but when based on temporal distances, α_2 = 2.02(i.e., distance to provincial capital city) and β_2 = 1.44(i.e., distance to regional central city). Clear differences are found in the LRDs between different regions and resource types, with those in western China and forest industrial cities the most obviously remote. Finally, the numbers of very remote resource-exhausted cities based on spatial and temporal distances(i.e.,α > 1.5 ∩β> 1.5) are 14 and 19, respectively, encompassing 17.9% and 24.4% of the total sampled. Similarly, 25 and 30 not remote resource-exhausted cities based on spatial and temporal distances(i.e.,α≤1.0 ∩β≤ 1.0) encompass 32.1% and 38.5% of the total, respectively. This study provided supporting information for the future development and policy making for resource-exhausted cities given different LRDs.展开更多
In this paper,we have investigated the effect of Calogero-Moser type interaction on the quantum discord of thermal states of a spin chain.Our results imply that the quantum discord depends on the relative distance bet...In this paper,we have investigated the effect of Calogero-Moser type interaction on the quantum discord of thermal states of a spin chain.Our results imply that the quantum discord depends on the relative distance between the spins,the external magnetic field,and the temperature.By a comparison between the quantum discord and the entanglement of formation,the quantum discord is more robust than the entanglement of formation in the sense that the latter takes a zero value in a large range of the parameters,while the former takes a nonzero value.展开更多
文摘There is a lack of information of whether the behavior pattern and physical condition of the Hooded Crane (Grus monacha) have been limited by conditions encountered at stopover sites in Changgou village,which is adjacent to Zhalong Nature Reserve in northeastern China,one of the most important stopover sites of this crane.The objective of our research was to investigatethe impact of human-caused disturbances on the Hooded Cranes.We investigated three behavior activities of the Hooded Cranes,i.e.,flying time,flushing distance and the duration of vigilance.The results indicate that the auditory stimuli caused by local people provoked the most pronounced disturbances to the Hooded Crane.Human-caused disturbances not only frequently interrupt the feeding process of the cranes,but also lead to an increase of 200％ in the duration of their vigilance and a significant increase in flying time from 0.4 to 0.7 h (p ＜ 0.05).In addition,high-intensity noise can cause larger flushing distances; foraging cranes will flush away by about 600 m when disturbed by the honking of vehicles.Whistles or shouts by local farmers in the field generated the largest sound intensity,about 120 dB,which caused a flushing distance of over 700 m.In order to reduce the negative effect of human-caused disturbances on these cranes,it is imperative to define a buffer zone around sensitive areas during the fall stopover period.To solve the conflict between the interest of farmers and the demand for crops on the part of the cranes requires financial compensation to the farmers for the crops consumed by the Hooded Crane in order to enhance the conservation of this vulnerable bird species.
文摘Two types of the dual mode-locked fiber lasers for asynchronous absolute distance measurement are investigated, The lasers are linear and ring cavity with repetition rate of 70 MHz and 100 MHz, respectively. The group velocity dispersion is not compensated in the first type of the lasers, while the others are fully done. The timing jitter with the Allan deviation below averaging time of 0.2 s during the distance measurement for around 1 m of both types of lasers were 2.5 ps with 600 nm and 1.6 ps with 200 nm. We concluded that the phase noise resulted from the intra-cavity dispersion is the main contribution for the uncertainty of the ranging in these two types of the lasers.
文摘This study investigated the difference in the levels of people＇s acceptance of robots by the types of social relationships between humans and robots. In this study, social relationships between a robot and a person were categorized into four types consisted of two in the horizontal of social relationship （intimacy dimension） and two in the vertical of social relationship （status dimension）. In dialogue between humans and robots, the types of social relationship were adjusted by forms of language such as calling by name and speech styles. People＇s acceptance of robots was measured by people＇s comfortable approach distance to the robot. Participants showed greater acceptance of a robot when the robot called them by their names. In the case of speech style, participants accepted the robot which used honorific speech style without addressing them by their name, while they accepted the robot which used familiar speech style with addressing them by their name. There was an interaction effect between gender and calling by name.
文摘This research explores media users＇ cognition of ＂time＂ and ＂space＂ across different media platforms, and conducts a comparison among media genres including mass media and intemet media based on user＇s interactivities. Especially, this research focused on the internet＇s space and time perception based on communication genres such as e-mail, Blogs, portals, news-media, e-commerce, and social media （SNS）. The research adopted two theories （construal level theory of time and space）. The time related theory is ＂temporal distance theory＂. The space related theory is ＂media space＂. The research is designed to measure user＇s perception of interactivity, time-construal level and its media space cognition while using the media. There are two independent variables： Interactivities （contents, user, and media levels） and user involvement （CMC-user vs. user, HCI-user vs. media）; there are two dependent variables： Cognition of spatial and temporal levels. This research also seeks the associated variables relationship among those variables through the structural equation model （SEM）. The 307 data was collected and analyzed to test the research question. The results show that the dimension of the media side＇s interactivity affected media＇s usage time and space perception. There are 2 ~ 2 factors variables to affect time and space. One is human and media interaction （HC1） and human to human communication （CMC）; the other is traditional mass media （one-way communication） and interuet media （two-ways communication）. The results prove the user＇s perception for media time and space is based on the levels of interactivity. The levels of interactivities depend on media usage： one-one, one-many, synchronous, asynchronous, interpersonal, and social network communication. Online media provides greater social space; while traditional media tends toward para-space perception. On the other hand, the users＇ time cognitions between online media are different such as fixed time versus cyber-time.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.40701044
文摘Numerous domestic scholars have argued that a remote location is the major factor preventing the transformation and sustainable development of resource-exhausted cities. Research to date, however, has not presented relevant evidence to support this hypothesis or explained how to identify the concept of ‘remoteness'. Resource-exhausted cities designated by the State Council of China were examined in this study alongside the provincial capital cities that contain such entities and three regional central cities that are closely connected to this phenomenon: Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou. Spatial and temporal distances are used to calculate and evaluate the location remoteness degrees(LRDs) of resource-exhausted cities, in terms of both resource types and regions. The results indicate that resource-exhausted cities are indeed remote from the overall samples. Based on spatial distances, the LRDs are α_1 = 1.36(i.e., distance to provincial capital city) and β_1 = 1.14(i.e., distance to regional central city), but when based on temporal distances, α_2 = 2.02(i.e., distance to provincial capital city) and β_2 = 1.44(i.e., distance to regional central city). Clear differences are found in the LRDs between different regions and resource types, with those in western China and forest industrial cities the most obviously remote. Finally, the numbers of very remote resource-exhausted cities based on spatial and temporal distances(i.e.,α > 1.5 ∩β> 1.5) are 14 and 19, respectively, encompassing 17.9% and 24.4% of the total sampled. Similarly, 25 and 30 not remote resource-exhausted cities based on spatial and temporal distances(i.e.,α≤1.0 ∩β≤ 1.0) encompass 32.1% and 38.5% of the total, respectively. This study provided supporting information for the future development and policy making for resource-exhausted cities given different LRDs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11105001,10975125 and 11004001)
文摘In this paper,we have investigated the effect of Calogero-Moser type interaction on the quantum discord of thermal states of a spin chain.Our results imply that the quantum discord depends on the relative distance between the spins,the external magnetic field,and the temperature.By a comparison between the quantum discord and the entanglement of formation,the quantum discord is more robust than the entanglement of formation in the sense that the latter takes a zero value in a large range of the parameters,while the former takes a nonzero value.
