跨界作用对高等工程教育模式选择的影响

文章用系统分析的方法,将学校教育视作复杂的开放系统,从基础教育和职业准入两个视点,比较德国和美国高等工程教育模式的差异,阐述跨界作用对我国高等工程教育模式选择的影响。

铜绿假单胞菌和白假丝酵母的跨界相互作用

铜绿假单胞菌和白假丝酵母(又称白念珠菌)这两种条件致病菌可共存于人体。两者间存在复杂的相互关系,即跨界相互作用。铜绿假单胞菌抑制白念珠菌形态转换,抑制其生物膜形成并毒杀其菌丝;白念珠菌则抑制铜绿假单胞菌绿脓素形成并抑制其丛集运动。跨界相互作用可能存在3种机制:信号转导通路、生物膜和毒力因子。铜绿假单胞菌通过信号分子N-3-氧代十二烷酰-L-同型丝氨酸内酯(3-oxo-C12-HSL)抑制白念珠菌形态转换,而白念珠菌通过信号分子法呢醇抑制铜绿假单胞菌绿脓素生成和丛集运动,即存在信号分子介导的跨界相互作用。跨界相互作用影响铜绿假单胞菌和白念珠菌各自的致病性。如能充分利用跨界相互作用,将有助于优化治疗的选择。

Shock Wave Smearing by Passive Control

Normal shock wave, terminating a local supersonic area on an airfoil, limits its performance and becomes a source of high speed impulsive noise. It is proposed to use passive control to disintegrate the shock wave. Details of the flow structure obtained by this method are studied numerically. A new boundary condition has been developed and the results of its application are verified against experiments in a nozzle flow. The method of shock wave disintegration has been confirmed and detailed analysis of the flow details is presented. The substitution of a shock wave by a gradual compression changes completely the source of the high speed impulsive noise and bears potential of its reduction.