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论金熙宗以来行政路官员的入仕与转迁
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作者 孙佳 《求索》 CSSCI 2012年第2期232-234,共3页
金朝最高地方行政建置为"路"。金熙宗以来的地方行政路分为诸京路、诸总管府路、中都路三种形式,其路官的入仕包括军功、降附、世袭、荫补、科举、宗室外戚、右职、举荐等多种途径。以不同途径入仕的路官,其任职特点亦有差异... 金朝最高地方行政建置为"路"。金熙宗以来的地方行政路分为诸京路、诸总管府路、中都路三种形式,其路官的入仕包括军功、降附、世袭、荫补、科举、宗室外戚、右职、举荐等多种途径。以不同途径入仕的路官,其任职特点亦有差异。路官转迁的主要特征是许多路官都升任为宰执。 展开更多
关键词 行政路 路官 入仕 转迁 宰执
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金熙宗以来地方行政路考论 被引量:5
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作者 孙佳 《史学集刊》 CSSCI 北大核心 2012年第2期108-117,共10页
"行政路"是指金朝的地方最高行政区划建置。金熙宗时期开始调整地方制度,至海陵天德二年(1150)全面实行兵马都总管府路制。其中诸京路、诸总管府路、中都路的路官构成略有不同。《金史.百官志》之外,"会宁牧"、路... "行政路"是指金朝的地方最高行政区划建置。金熙宗时期开始调整地方制度,至海陵天德二年(1150)全面实行兵马都总管府路制。其中诸京路、诸总管府路、中都路的路官构成略有不同。《金史.百官志》之外,"会宁牧"、路治府的"知某府(事)"、"治中"等官职也属于路官的范畴。诸路官员的民族构成复杂,具有鲜明的民族与地域特色。 展开更多
关键词 金代 行政路 路官
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Enabling Energy Efficient Sensory Data Collection Using Multiple Mobile Sink 被引量:3
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作者 Madhumathy P Sivakumar D 《China Communications》 SCIE CSCD 2014年第10期29-37,共9页
Mobile sink is the challenging task for wireless sensor networks(WSNs).In this paper we propose to design an efficient routing protocol for single mobile sink and multiple mobile sink for data gathering in WSN.In this... Mobile sink is the challenging task for wireless sensor networks(WSNs).In this paper we propose to design an efficient routing protocol for single mobile sink and multiple mobile sink for data gathering in WSN.In this process,a biased random walk method is used to determine the next position of the sink.Then,a rendezvous point selection with splitting tree technique is used to find the optimal data transmission path.If the sink moves within the range of the rendezvous point,it receives the gathered data and if moved out,it selects a relay node from its neighbours to relay packets from rendezvous point to the sink.Proposed algorithm reduces the signal overhead and improves the triangular routing problem.Here the sink acts as a vehicle and collect the data from the sensor.The results show that the proposed model effectively supports sink mobility with low overhead and delay when compared with Intelligent Agent-based Routing protocol(IAR) and also increases the reliability and delivery ratio when the number of sources increases. 展开更多
关键词 sink mobility data gathering rendezvous point biased random walk andwireless sensor network
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Structural basis of immunosuppression by the therapeutic antibody daclizumab 被引量:5
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作者 Hui Yang Jianchuan Wang +5 位作者 Jiamu Du Chen Zhong Dapeng Zhang Huaizu Guo Yajun Guo Jianping Ding 《Cell Research》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2010年第12期1361-1371,共11页
Interleukin-2 (IL)-2 signaling plays a pivotal role in the activation of immune responses, and drugs that block this pathway have been shown to be effective for the immunosuppression in patients with organ transplan... Interleukin-2 (IL)-2 signaling plays a pivotal role in the activation of immune responses, and drugs that block this pathway have been shown to be effective for the immunosuppression in patients with organ transplantation to alleviate/eliminate allograft rejection. The first humanized monoclonal antibody (mAb) daclizumab falls into this category and shows high specificity and affinity against a key component of the IL-2 receptor complex, namely IL-2Ra. To reveal the molecular mechanism of the inhibition of the IL-2 signaling pathway by dacllzumab, we determined the crystal structures of the daclizumab Fab in free form and in complex with the IL-2Ra ectodomain at 2.6 and 2.8 A resolution, respectively. The daclizumab Fab adopts a similar conformation in the presence or absence of the IL- 2Ra ectodomain. The antigen-binding site of daclizumab is mainly composed of live complementarity determining regions (CDRs) that form a large positively charged surface depression and two flanking patches that are generally hydrophobic. The conformational epitope consists of several discontinuous segments of the IL-2Ru ectodomain, a large portion of which overlaps with the regions that interact with IL-2, suggesting that the binding of daclizumab to IL-2Ra would prevent the IL-2 binding to IL-2Ra and the subsequent formation of the IL-2fIL-2Ra[~/c complex, and therefore block the IL-2 signaling pathway. These results also have implications for the design and development of improved mAb drugs targeting IL-2Ra. 展开更多
关键词 IL-2Ra IL-2 signaling DACLIZUMAB therapeutic antibody crystal structure
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Simple ears - flexible behavior: Information processing in the moth auditory pathway 被引量:1
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作者 Gerit PFUHL Blanka KALINOVA +1 位作者 Irena VALTEROVA Bente G. BERG 《Current Zoology》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2015年第2期292-302,共11页
Lepidoptera evolved tympanic ears in response to echolocating bats. Comparative studies have shown that moth ears evolved many times independently from chordotonal organs. With only 1 to 4 receptor cells, they are one... Lepidoptera evolved tympanic ears in response to echolocating bats. Comparative studies have shown that moth ears evolved many times independently from chordotonal organs. With only 1 to 4 receptor cells, they are one of the simplest hearing organs. The small number of receptors does not imply simplicity, neither in behavior nor in the neural circuit. Behaviorally, the response to ultrasound is far from being a simple reflex. Moths' escape behavior is modulated by a variety of cues, especially pheromones, which can alter the auditory response. Neurally the receptor cell(s) diverges onto many interneurons, enabling pa- rallel processing and feature extraction. Ascending interneurons and sound-sensitive brain neurons innervate a neuropil in the ventrolateral protocerebrum. Further, recent electrophysiological data provides the first glimpses into how the acoustic response is modulated as well as how ultrasound influences the other senses. So far, the auditory pathway has been studied in noctuids. The findings agree well with common computational principles found in other insects. However, moth ears also show unique mechanical and neural adaptation. Here, we first describe the variety of moths' auditory behavior, especially the co-option of ul- trasonic signals for intraspecific communication. Second, we describe the current knowledge of the neural pathway gained from noctuid moths. Finally, we argue that Galleriinae which show negative and positive phonotaxis, are an interesting model species for future electrophysiological studies of the auditory pathway and multimodal sensory integration, and so are ideally suited for the study of the evolution of behavioral mechanisms given a few receptors. 展开更多
关键词 LEPIDOPTERA Ultrasound perception Multimodal communication
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